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Zróżnicowanie statusu prawnego pracownika delegowanego ze względu na długość okresu delegowania

100%
Grugutis J.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2019
|
issue 2 (371)
95-108
EN
The object of this article is an analysis of the art. 3 sec. 1a of the amended on 18 June 2018 Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. From the perspective of the directive this provision does not change the legal nature of posting, but amends the scope of the labor law provisions provided in the host state. In fact, this provision divides posted workers into two groups: short-term and long-term posted. The author states a hypothesis that division into long-term posted workers and short-term posted workers carries substantial legal significance as it implies the implementation of appropriate regulations of labor law which apply to one or the other group of workers. The study discusses criteria regarding the status updating of long-term posting and analysis regarding status of a worker in the framework of such posting from the perspective of the private international law. The status of the long-term posted workers in the private international law partly resembles the status of the migrating workers on the basis of the freedom of movement. The research method used in the paper is a dogmatic-legal method.
2

Rozwiązanie małżeństwa na podstawie prawa obcego a orzekanie o winie rozkładu pożycia

88%
Pawliczak J.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 4
845-875
EN
Polish courts more and more often face considerable difficulties related to dissolving marriages on the basis of foreign law. In these cases it is necessary to jointly apply rules of private international law (of national as well as international origin), foreign divorce law and procedural rules of the forum. In particular, it is problematic whether and how Polish courts should rule on matrimonial fault, if foreign law governs the divorce. To answer this question the legal character of article 57 of the Polish Family and Guardianship Code shall by analysed. This provision states that the court, in its ruling on divorce, shall also determine, whether and which spouse is at fault for the breakdown of marriage. In this study it is argued that Polish and foreign law provisions concerning determination of matrimonial fault are primarily of material character and should be applied as the integral part of the law governing divorce. Article 57 of the Polish Family and Guardianship Code does not constitute an overriding mandatory provision of the forum, which could govern dissolution of marriage regardless of the law under which it falls. Neither it is a procedural regulation, which should be applied by the Polish courts as legis fori processualis. As a result, if the applicable law does not provide for ruling on fault for the breakdown of marriage, the competent court shall not deal with this issue.
3
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Wpływ przepisów wymuszających swoje zastosowanie na rozstrzyganie spraw spadkowych pod rządami rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) Nr 650/2012

71%
Żarnowiec Ł.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
|
2019
|
vol. 25
43-65
EN
Since August 17, 2015 the courts of the Member States of the European Union apply the conflict-of-laws rules adopted in the EU Succession Regulation (EU) in succession matters. From the Polish point of view, this constitutes not only the change of the rules applied for the purposes of determining jurisdiction and the applicable law, but also a new approach to the overriding mandatory provisions. Contrary to other European instruments of private international law, the Succession Regulation neither uses the term “overriding mandatory provisions”, nor defines its meaning. Nevertheless, in Article 30 the Regulation provides for application - irrespective of the law applicable to the succession under its conflict rules - of the special rules of the State, where certain immovable property, enterprises or other special categories of assets are located, and which - for economic, family or social considerations - impose restrictions concerning or affecting the succession in respect of those assets, in so far as, under the law of that State, they are applicable irrespective of the law applicable to the succession. The interpretation of this provision cause difficulties. It is not clear whether the concept of the special provisions embodied in Article 30 refers to the concept of overriding mandatory rules, well known in the European private international law, or whether it constitutes an original solution. Another controversial issue discussed in the paper is the relevance of the mandatory rules of the forum or the third State other than those mentioned in Article 30.
4
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Ochrona interesów publicznych w rozporządzeniu Rzym I w kontekście zróżnicowania standardów pracowniczych w UE

63%
Surdykowska B.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
|
2021
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vol. 20
|
issue 1
305-322
EN
The paper refers to the concept of public interest contained in Art. 9 of the Rome I Regulation. The author argues that in the light of the processes taking place on the labor market (such as the digitization of the labor market and employment via platforms) and problems with defining the scope of the directive on posted workers in the context of drivers of international transport, courts may treat national regulations in the field of labor law as overriding mandatory provisions. The main goal of the paper is to draw attention to the need to increase the interest in the doctrine of labor law in the sphere of the potential application of Art. 9 Rome I. With regard to employment issues, a question arises regarding the minimum wage applicable in a given country in conjunction with the issue of the freedom to provide services. The European Court of Justice referred to the issue of ensuring fair remuneration of employees as an important element of the "overriding general interest" justifying the restriction of the freedom to provide services. In the deliberations in the Mazzoleni judgment, the ECJ also emphasized that the application of the minimum wage of the country in which the service is performed may be a disproportionate burden, especially in a situation where the enterprise providing the services is located in the border territory and the work performed in the host country is temporary, short and part-time. An interesting issue is the "translation" of the considerations contained in the aforementioned judgment into the emerging employment through internet platforms. Some background for the above considerations is the fact that in the literature of private international law, among the overriding mandatory provisions, the most frequently indicated are anti-monopoly provisions, in the field of foreign exchange law, regarding the prohibition of import or export of certain goods, but this is also important from the point of view of the paper, more and more often regulations based on a private-law method of regulation. The paper also includes considerations regarding the concept of "public interest".
PL
Tekst odnosi się do pojęcia interesu publicznego zawartego w art. 9 Rozporządzenia Rzym I. Autorka stawia tezę, że w świetle procesów zachodzących na rynku pracy (takich jak digitalizacja rynku pracy i zatrudnienie poprzez platformy) oraz problemów z dookreśleniem zakresu dyrektywy o pracownikach delegowanych w kontekście kierowców transportu międzynarodowego może dojść do częstszego traktowania przez sądy przepisów z zakresu prawa pracy jako przepisów wymuszających swoje zastosowanie. Podstawowym celem tekstu jest zwrócenie uwagi, że potrzebne jest zwiększenie zainteresowania doktryny prawa pracy sferą potencjalnego zastosowania art. 9 Rzym I. W odniesieniu do kwestii pracowniczych pojawia się pytanie dotyczące obowiązującej w danym państwie płacy minimalnej w połączeniu z problematyką swobody świadczenia usług. Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości  odniósł się do problematyki zapewnienia godziwego wynagrodzenia pracowników jako ważnego elementu „nadrzędnego interesu ogólnego” uzasadniającego ograniczenie swobody świadczenia usług. W rozważaniach w orzeczeniu Mazzoleni równocześnie ETS podkreślił, że stosowanie płacy minimalnej państwa w którym wykonywana jest usługa może być nieproporcjonalnym obciążeniem szczególnie w sytuacji gdy przedsiębiorstwo świadczące usługi położone jest na terytorium przygranicznym a prace wykonywane w państwie przyjmującym mają charakter doraźny, krótki i w niepełnym wymiarze czasu pracy. Interesującym zagadnieniem jest „przełożenie” rozważań zawartych we wskazanym orzeczeniu na rodzące się zatrudnienie poprzez platformy internetowe.  Pewnym tłem dla powyższych rozważań jest fakt, że w literaturze prawa prywatnego międzynarodowego wśród przepisów wymuszających swoje zastosowanie wskazuje się najczęściej na przepisy antymonopolowe, z zakresu prawa dewizowego, dotyczące zakazu wwozu czy wywozu określonych towarów ale i to jest istotne z punktu widzenia tekstu coraz częściej wskazuje się na przepisy oparte na prywatnoprawnej metodzie regulacji. W tekście pojawiają się także rozważania dotyczące rozumienia pojęcie „interes publiczny”.
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