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1

Energy expenditure for massage therapists during performing selected classical massage techniques

100%

Więcek M., Szymura J., Maciejczyk M., Szyguła Z., Cempla J., Borkowski M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2018

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vol. 31

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issue 5

677-684

EN

Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate the intensity of the effort and energy expenditure in the course of performing selected classical massage techniques and to assess the workload of a massage therapist during a work shift. Material and Methods Thirteen massage therapists (age: 21.9±1.9 years old, body mass index: 24.5±2.8 kg×m⁻², maximal oxygen consumption × body mass⁻¹ ($\text{VO}_\text{2max}$×BM⁻¹): 42.3±7 ml×kg⁻¹×min⁻¹) were involved in the study. The stress test consisted in performing selected classical massage techniques in the following order: stroking, kneading, shaking, beating, rubbing and direct vibration, during which the cardio-respiratory responses and the subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. Intensity of exercise during each massage technique was expressed as % $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$, % maximal heart rate ($\text{HR}_\text{max}$) and % heart rate reserve (HRR). During each massage technique, net energy expenditure (EE) and energy cost of work using metabolic equivalent of task (MET) were determined. Results The intensity of exercise was 47.2±6.2% as expressed in terms of % $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$, and 74.7±3.2% as expressed in terms of % $\text{HR}_\text{max}$, while it was 47.8±1.7% on average when expressed in terms of % HRR during the whole procedure. While performing the classical massage, the average EE and MET were 5.6±0.9 kcal×min⁻¹ and 5.6±0.2, respectively. The average RPE calculated for the entire procedure was 12.1±1.4. During the performance of a classical massage technique for a single treatment during the study, the average total EE was 176.5±29.6 kcal, resulting in an energy expenditure of 336.2±56.4 kcal×h⁻¹. In the case of the classical massage technique, rubbing was the highest intensity exercise for the masseur who performed the massage ($\text{%VO}_\text{2max}$ = 57.4±13.1%, $\text{HR}_\text{max}$ = 79.6±7.7%, HRR = 58.5±13.1%, MET = 6.7±1.1, EE = 7.1±1.4 kcal×min⁻¹, RPE = 13.4±1.3). Conclusions In the objective assessment, physical exercise while performing a single classical massage is characterized by hard work. The technique of classical massage during which the masseur performs the highest exercise intensity is rubbing. According to the classification of work intensity based on energy expenditure, the masseur’s work is considered heavy during the whole work shift. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(5):677–684

2

Zużycie tlenu przez plażę wiślaną. Dobra i usługi ekosystemu

84%

Słodownik P., Opaliński K. W.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2015

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vol. 13

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issue 4

179-194

EN

The aim of the research was to estimate the role of the beach in the process of self – purification of water in the Vistula River. The study could become a very important voice in the debate about the future and development of Vistula River. A self-purification process involves the disposal of pollutants entering the water from the catchement of the River. A measure of the Vistula water purification process of organic matter is the amount of oxygen that is consumed by the beach settlement. That is the amount of burned organic matter by psammon during cellular respiration. In addition, the calculation of the amount of organic matter, which was worn by psammon can be the measure of “goods and services of the ecosystem” of the river

3

Oxygen consumption in the sandy beaches of the Vistula River: Goods and services of the ecosystem

67%

Słodownik P., Opaliński K. W.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2020

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vol. 18

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issue 5

369-377

PL

Celem pracy jest ocena roli piaszczystych plaż w procesie samooczyszczania wód Wisły. Wyniki tej pracy mogą być ważnym głosem w dyskusji o przyszłości Wisły. Proces samooczyszczania polega na usuwaniu zanieczyszczeń wprowadzanych do wody również ze zlewni rzeki. Miarą procesu oczyszczania wody w Wiśle z materii organicznej jest ilość tlenu zużywanego przez piaszczyste plaże w procesach utylizowania tej materii przez psammon podczas oddychania komórkowego. Ilość materii organicznej, która jest utylizowana przez psammon jest miarą "dóbr i usług ekosystemu" rzeki.

EN

The research aimed to estimate the role of the beach in the process of self-purification of water in the Vistula River. The study could become a very important voice in the debate about the future of the Vistula River. A self-purification process involves the disposal of pollutants entering the water from the catchment of the River. A measure of the Vistula River water purification process of organic matter is the amount of oxygen that is consumed by the beach settlement. That is the amount of utilised organic matter by psammon during cellular respiration. Besides, the calculation of the amount of organic matter, which was worn by psammon can be the measure of “goods and services of the ecosystem” of the river.

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2 Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

1 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2 Opaliński K. W.

2 Słodownik P.

1 Borkowski M.

1 Cempla J.

1 Maciejczyk M.

1 Szyguła Z.

1 Szymura J.

1 Więcek M.

1 2020

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Energy expenditure for massage therapists during performing selected classical massage techniques

Zużycie tlenu przez plażę wiślaną. Dobra i usługi ekosystemu

Oxygen consumption in the sandy beaches of the Vistula River: Goods and services of the ecosystem