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RU
The article deals with two plays: Emigrants by S. Mrożek and Marble by J. Brodsky the themes of which (emigration in the first cast and prison in the second) correspond to the personal experience of the authors. Doth authors alienate themselves from their experience putting the range of problems of their plays on the general humanistic level. Also we show the evident influence of the Polish playwright on Brodsky as the author of Marble.
EN
The present research investigated the perception of the flood threat and willingness of inhabitants of regions experiencing regular severe floods to take preventive actions.Residents of two type of regions were compared: those living in a region protected by flood levees vs. residents living unprotected regions. Inhabitants of the area protected by the levees resulting in the rare experience of flood, perceived probability of flood as lower and  reported higher willingness to take preventive actions than inhabitants of the area unprotected by levees. Similarly as in many previous studies personal experience and social norms turned out to be crucial factors in determining self-protective behavior. On the other hand unlike in other studies, we found no relationship between decision makers’ willingness to take preventive actions and factors related to threat appraisal, such as the perceived magnitude of loss and the perceived probability of damage. Finally, we found that the impact of a given factor on willingness to protect oneself against a hazard may depend on the kind of measure of the protective behavior
PL
The present research investigated the perception of the flood threat and willingness of inhabitants of regions experiencing regular severe floods to take preventive actions.Residents of two type of regions were compared: those living in a region protected by flood levees vs. residents living unprotected regions. Inhabitants of the area protected by the levees resulting in the rare experience of flood, perceived probability of flood as lower and  reported higher willingness to take preventive actions than inhabitants of the area unprotected by levees. Similarly as in many previous studies personal experience and social norms turned out to be crucial factors in determining self-protective behavior. On the other hand unlike in other studies, we found no relationship between decision makers’ willingness to take preventive actions and factors related to threat appraisal, such as the perceived magnitude of loss and the perceived probability of damage. Finally, we found that the impact of a given factor on willingness to protect oneself against a hazard may depend on the kind of measure of the protective behavior.The present research investigated the perception of the flood threat and willingness of inhabitants of regions experiencing regular severe floods to take preventive actions.Residents of two type of regions were compared: those living in a region protected by flood levees vs. residents living unprotected regions. Inhabitants of the area protected by the levees resulting in the rare experience of flood, perceived probability of flood as lower and  reported higher willingness to take preventive actions than inhabitants of the area unprotected by levees. Similarly as in many previous studies personal experience and social norms turned out to be crucial factors in determining self-protective behavior. On the other hand unlike in other studies, we found no relationship between decision makers’ willingness to take preventive actions and factors related to threat appraisal, such as the perceived magnitude of loss and the perceived probability of damage. Finally, we found that the impact of a given factor on willingness to protect oneself against a hazard may depend on the kind of measure of the protective behavior.
EN
The research purpose of the thesis is to present loneliness as a human personal experience from the perspective of an interdisciplinary approach to the phenomenon of loneliness. This phenomenon has been juxtaposed with the sense of loneliness and isolation. While pursuing the research purpose the author has set, she aims at typification and – as a result – defining specificity of experiencing loneliness, drawing pedagogical conclusions. Finally, she concludes that solitude understood in a positive way, as a conscious choice (and not an exclusion), is necessary for the proper development of a human being who should alternate the time of interaction with people with moments of silence and reflection occurring during the meetings ‘with oneself’.
PL
Celem badawczym pracy jest ukazanie samotności jako doświadczenia osobowego człowieka z perspektywy interdyscyplinarnego ujęcia fenomenu samotności. Zjawisko to zostało zestawione z poczuciem osamotnienia i izolacji. Autorka, realizując postawiony cel badawczy, dąży do typizacji i przez to określenia specyfiki doświadczenia samotności, wyciągając wnioski pedagogiczne. Finalnie stwierdza, że samotność rozumiana w sposób pozytywny, jako świadomy wybór (a nie wykluczenie) jest konieczna do prawidłowego rozwoju człowieka, który czas interakcji z ludźmi powinien przeplatać chwilami ciszy i refleksji pojawiającej się podczas spotkań „z samym sobą”.
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Dramat Andrzeja Wróblewskiego

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EN
Andrzej Wróblewski’s Drama Andrzej Wróblewski (1927-1957) was one of the most important Polish modern painters of his time, closely con- nected both with key issues of the 20th-century European avant-garde in art, as well as socialist realism in post- war Poland. The article is a sui generis glossa to Wróblewskis retrospective exhibition “Recto/Verso” presented in Winter-Spring 2015 by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Warsaw.
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