Search results

1

Zarys filozofii przyrody

100%

Metallmann J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2005

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issue 36

123-131

PL

W Archiwum Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk i Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie znajduje się rękopis o sygnaturze K III-8, 6.j.a.24, zawierający „Zarys filozofii przyrody” autorstwa Joachima Metallmanna. Zachowany rękopis ma charakter szkicu. Pewne myśli są w nim rozwinięte, a inne pozostają hasłami do opracowania. Rękopis nie jest skończony i prawdopodobnie w wersji ostatecznej znalazłoby się w nim wiele nowych kwestii, a już naszkicowane uzyskałyby zapewne pełniejszą redakcję. Prezentowane fragmenty wydają się być reprezentatywne dla rozumienia metallmannowskiej koncepcji filozofii przyrody.Wprowadzenie i opracowanie: Janusz Mączka

2

Uwagi na marginesie dyskusji o funkcjach filozofii przyrody

63%

Wróblewski Z.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2004

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vol. 2

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issue 1

735-738

3

Filozofia przyrody Władysława Heinricha

51%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2005

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issue 36

31-44

PL

At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, Wladyslaw Heinrich introduced a new style of philosophizing in the Cracow rather traditional philosophical milieu. His way of presenting philosophical ideas in a strict contact with empirical sciences arose great interest and found several talented followers. In the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow the manuscript is preserved bearing the title 'Theory of Cognition'; it was written by Heinrich in 1912. The author presents and critically assesses his 'philosophy of nature' as it can be reconstructed from the above mentioned manuscript.

4

Dlaczego jest mnóstwo rzeczy raczej niż prawie nic? – „słabe pytanie Leibniza”

51%

Lamża Ł.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

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issue 55

91-127

PL

The original Leibniz’s question „Why is there something rather than nothing?” is rephrased in a „weak” way: „Why is there a lot of things rather than almost nothing?”. The first part of the article argues for two propositions: 1) We may not reasonably expect a real answer to the original Leibniz’s question, mostly because the concept of „nothingness” cannot be defined in a way that makes sense and is operational. 2) The „weak” version of the question retains the philosophical „spirit” of the original. In the second part a methodology for answering the weak Leibniz’s question is presented - one of an analysis of the cosmic evolution in terms of the reasons and causes for the emergence of new types of natural objects and processes („things”). A representation the structure of the Universe is presented that is based on a list of ca. 900 names of things derived from the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) catalogue, representing all natural sciences. Further analyses concern the properties of the Universe and its evolution that cause new things to emerge all the time - although one may imagine and precisely describe a scenario where new things stopped appearing shortly after the Big Bang and now there is almost nothing in the Universe.

5

Joachima Metallmanna zarys koncepcji filozofii przyrody

51%

Heller M., Mączka J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2010

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issue 46

141-161

PL

We analyse a manuscript, preserved in the Archives of the Polish Academy of Science and the Polish Academy of Science and Art in Cracow, containing Joachim Metallmann’s notes aimed at composing a project of a textbook or a series of lectures concerning philosophy of nature. He understood philosophy of nature as a sort of ontology and epistemology of nature whose starting point should be provided by the natural sciences.

6

Filozofia Tadeusza Garbowskiego

51%

Lipski P.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2008

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issue 42

112-136

PL

The period between the two World Wars was very fruitful for Polish philosophy. The best known intellectual formation of that time was the Lvov–Warsaw School of Logic. At the time, when members of that school philosophized in the context of logic and mathematics, there was a group of thinkers in Cracow, who attempted at creating a philosophy of nature. Unfortunately, because of the outbreak of the Second World War, they have never produced any philosophical school. One of the first of Cracow philosophers of nature was the biologist, Tadeusz Garbowski. He died in 1939 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp, leaving several philosophical papers which focus mostly on the theory of evolution. In the present paper, the author critically reviews his analyses. A lot of his ideas, e.g., the one called by the author the 'evolutionary epistemology', can be found in works of later thinkers, for instance in the works of Konrad Lorenz. Although it is doubtful that they actually knew Garbowski's papers, it still seems to be worthwhile to notice this historical fact.

7

Problems of Origin. Life as a Property of Matter

51%

Ługowski W.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2014

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issue 2

9-23

EN

I take the view that the inclusion of the problems of origin in scientific researches was a philosophical breakthrough, in three aspects—ontological, epistemological, and concerning the consciousness of scientists (precisely, it consists in deciding if the issue of the origin is worthy of consideration). It turns out that following a philosophical approach it is possible to (1) have a good grasp of the essence of the most important breakthrough which came in the twentieth-century natural history, (2) establish the circumstances in which it happened, (3) to explain the reasons why the foremost representatives of neo-positivist orientation has put so much effort to replace the truth with the legend in recent years. I demonstrate that the dispute over the nature (and over the assessment) of philosophical ideas, which were at the root of the above-mentioned breakthrough, led to a polarization of stances but also to completely unexpected alliances.

8

Man in a modern world. Reflections on the new philosophy of nature

51%

Legocki A. B.

Nauka

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2008

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issue 1

EN

Philosophical theories developed concurrently with scientific thoughts and have consequently contributed to the identification of the main purposes of cognition, thus influencing the essence of progress in civilization. One of the main questions posed here was whether the development of living species in nature is subject to a blind chance in evolution only. Rapid development of science and its exceptional culmination in the 20th century redefined the special place of human being and its natural environment.

9

Koncepcja filozofii przyrody według Franciszka Gabryla. Próba rekonstrukcji

51%

Trombik K.

Studia Ełckie

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2018

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vol. 20

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issue 3

309-318

EN

The article attempts to reconstruct the approach of practicing the philosophy of nature by Franciszek Gabryl (1866-1914). The Cracow philosopher undertook the problem of the method of natural philosophy, and his metaphilosophical proposals – though embedded in the context of neothomism tradition – can be perceived as an attempt to modernize classical christian philosophy. The article attempted to determine what was his approach to the issue of the method of nature philosophy (i.a. the problem concerning the relationship between philosophy of nature and natural sciences).

10

W kierunku ilościowej teorii wzrostu złożoności świata

45%

Lamża Ł.

Semina Scientiarum

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2011

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vol. 10

EN

The study of the growing complexity of the physical world is of great value to many scientific disciplines, including philosophy of nature, complexity theory, thermodynamics, and others. Here, I propose a systematic and quantitative method of describing the process of natural complexification throughout cosmic history, based on a list of the topical categories of PACS® 2008: Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme 2008, published by the American Institute of Physics. I assume that each of the selected 349 level-3 categories corresponds to a certain subset of natural phenomena, and I group them according to their first appearance in natural history. By analyzing their distribution, I derive certain qualitative and (tentatively) quantitative generalizations concerning the pace and scale of the growth of natural complexity. I contrast this approach with the results achieved by other methods and discuss its relevance to selected topics in philosophy of nature and philosophy of science.

11

Wokół myśli Józefa Życińskiego

44%

Trombik K. P.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2020

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issue 68

300-305

PL

Recenzja książki: Media – kultura – dialog. W piątą rocznicę śmierci arcybiskupa Józefa Życińskiego, red. R. Nęcek, W. Misztal, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, Kraków 2017, ss. 343.

12

Filozofia w kontekście nauki. Stare problemy w nowym wydaniu

38%

Mączka J.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue 4

133-152

EN

The analysis carried out in this article allows one to draw important conclusions from the point of view of the philosopher of nature. There is an interaction between philosophyand science that takes the form of a mutual permeation in a circle that does not close. Although it is hard to characterize such a circle, one can point to some of its accompanyingideas: (1) Understanding the philosophical implications of a scientific theory improves its explanatory power and reveals the information it contains on the fundamental structureof the Universe. The expression “philosophy in science” characterizes the contemporary approach to the relations between philosophy and science. It must be emphasized thatthe traditional approach of philosophy and science leads to interesting results, important for the understanding of the external world. (2) The mutual permeation of philosophy andscience is a dynamic and creative process. Both science and philosophy change constantly, which substantially influence the development of this permeation. It is hard to predict, however, in which direction the process will evolve. -------------- Received: 12/09/2020. Reviewed: 10/10/2020. Accepted: 29/10/2020

PL

Analizy przeprowadzone w artykule pozwalają na wyciągnięcie wniosków, ważnych dla filozofa przyrody. Między filozofią a naukami przyrodniczymi istnieje interakcja, którą można określić jako współprzenikanie się obu tych dziedzin wiedzy. To współoddziaływanie filozofii z nauką podobne jest do niedomykającego się koła. Trudno jest owo współprzenikanie jednoznacznie scharakteryzować, ale można wskazać pewne idee towarzyszące mu. (1) Uświadomienie sobie filozoficznego uwikłania teorii naukowej powoduje często rozszerzenie jej rozumienia oraz ujawnia, jak wiele informacji zawartych jest w teorii naukowej na temat głębokiej struktury świata. Sformułowanie „filozofia w nauce” można by uznać za charakterystyczne dla współczesnego ujmowania związku filozofii z naukami przyrodniczymi. Należy pamiętać, że wspólna droga filozofii i nauk przyrodniczych pozwala osiągać interesujące poznawczo wyniki, ważne dla rozumienia świata zewnętrznego. (2) Współprzenikanie się filozofii z nauk jest procesem dynamicznym i twórczym. Tak filozofia, jak i nauka, ulegają ciągłym zmianom, które w istotny sposób wpływają na rozwijanie się procesu współprzenikania. Trudno jest przewidywać, w którą stronę ten proces będzie ewoluował. Ważne jest jednak, jak twierdzi M. Heller, aby w tym twórczym procesie dostrzec, że największym sukcesem nauk empirycznych, trwającym do dziś, jest coraz lepsze ugruntowanie się przekonania, że Wszechświat stopniowo, choć tylko w przybliżeniu, ujawnia nam tajemnice swojej struktury. -------------- Zgłoszono: 12/09/2020. Zrecenzowano: 10/10/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 29/10/2020

13

W poszukiwaniu przyrodniczego, filozoficznego i teologicznego obrazu Wszechświata. Sylwetka naukowa księdza Grzegorza Bugajaka

38%

Lemańska A.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue 4

53-84

EN

This article surveys the biography and the most important scientific achievements of Fr. prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Bugajak (1966-2020), associated with the Faculty of Christian Philosophy ATK / UKSW. Fr. Bugajak left a large and interesting scientific output, focusing on problems in the philosophy of nature, philosophy of sciences and the relationshipbetween natural sciences and theology. His works make a significant contribution to the development of philosophy.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono życiorys i najważniejsze dokonania naukowe ks. dr hab. Grzegorza Bugajaka (1966-2020), prof. UKSW, związanego z Wydziałem Filozofii Chrześcijańskiej ATK/UKSW. Ks. Bugajak zostawił po sobie duży i interesujący dorobek naukowy, koncentrujący się wokół problemów z zakresu filozofii przyrody, filozofii nauk przyrodniczych i relacji między naukami przyrodniczymi a teologią. Jego prace stanowią znaczny wkład w rozwój filozofii.

14

Filozofia przyrody w alchemii. Zarys związków

38%

Kazibut R.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue 4

113-131

EN

The aim of my discussion is to present the relationship between the research of natural philosophers and the development of the alchemical tradition. I refer to specific concepts formulated in the history of alchemy to argue that research in this field took the form of complex systems delineating coherent pictures of the natural world and, therefore, that alchemy presupposes certain types of natural philosophy.

PL

Celem moich rozważań jest przedstawienie związków pomiędzy dociekaniami filozofów przyrody a rozwojem tradycji alchemicznej. Odwołam się do wybranych koncepcji ukształtowanych w dziejach alchemii. Będę argumentował na rzecz tezy, że dociekania alchemików przybierały postać rozbudowanych systemów tworzących koherentne obrazy świata przyrody, które implikowały określone typy filozofii przyrody.

15

Pomiędzy tradycją a współczesnością

38%

Cygan M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2021

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issue 70

213-226

EN

The article is a review of Kamil Trombik’s book, in which he presents particular concepts of the philosophy of nature at the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Kraków in the years 1978 to 1993. It was the first and decisive period in the formation of the Faculty of Philosophy at the Academy. The goal of the monograph was to demonstrate the factors that contributed to philosophy of nature becoming one of the most prominent and representative trends in this academic center, as well as to attempt to answer the question of why “philosophy in science,” developed initially by Michał Heller and Józef Życiski, became the main style of doing philosophy of nature there. In the reporting part of the review main problems that the author raises are presented. They are collected in three chapters of his work, which corresponds to three initial phases of the formation of the philosophical department at the Pontifical Academy of Theology. Then, in the critical part, some aspects of Trombik’s work are assessed. First of all, the attention is paid to the part concerning the determination of the sources of “philosophy in science” which-although it seems to be the most interesting-is also the least original part of the work. Next, the contribution of Karol Wojtyła and many other lesser-known scientists and philosophers to the formation of an interdisciplinary atmosphere and the promotion of “philosophy in science” in the structures of The Pontifical Academy of Theology and the Krakow intellectual milieu is also appreciated. Many hypotheses and research perspectives in Trombik’s book are highlighted in the review, demonstrating the importance of this Krakow research center (Philosophy Department at the Pontifical Academy of Theology) for the history of Polish science and philosophy.

16

Determinizm Laplace'a w świetle teorii fizycznych mechaniki klasycznej

38%

Koleżyński A.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2007

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issue 40

59-75

PL

There has been a long-standing debate in philosophical literature about the relationship of predictability and determinism. Some philosophers have claimed that determinism implies predictability; some have claimed the opposite and the others that there are no direct implication relations between these two concepts. According to the above, there are various notions of determinism and predictability at work in the philosophical literature. In contrast, in scientific tradition, the belief that any deterministic system is predictable has long history and is based on the power of the intuitions lying behind the concept of physical determinism, confirmed by many experiments. In this essay, the author focuses on the Laplacean vision for determinism and predictability (or more precisely on what he takes to be such a vision). While many forms of predictability are inconsistent with this vision, he argues that a suitably modified notion of predictability, defined within a framework of model notion of physical determinism, is implied by the Laplacean concept of determinism and, after some modifications, by other modern theories in physics, chemistry and related sciences. It is also argued, that such modified concept of predictability is consistent with common practice of scientists, and any attempt to find out whether a given scientific theory is deterministic, should be accompanied by careful analysis and appropriate modification of constituent elements of modern notion of determinism.

17

Stanisław Dunin–Borkowski and his views on Einstein’s special theory of relativity

38%

Rodzeń J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2022

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issue 72

63-86

EN

The main purpose of this article is to discuss the views of the Jesuit Stanisław Dunin–Borkowski (1864–1934) about Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. These days, Dunin–Borkowski is a rather obscure figure despite rising to fame in the interwar period as an outstanding expert in the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. Thus, the secondary aim of this article is to remind ourselves of this somewhat forgotten scholar. As a researcher, writer, and pedagogue, Dunin–Borkowski was interested in numerous fields of knowledge. Among these were the natural sciences, including physics and the influence that new physical theories had on philosophical thought. This present study therefore fills a gap in the existing research about how Polish philosophers received Einstein’s theories. The example of Dunin–Borkowski also serves as a basis for discussing some of the fundamental problems of neo-scholasticism in receiving new mathematicised scientific theories.

18

The origin and development of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies. A historical outline by 1993

36%

Trombik K. P.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2019

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issue 66

271-295

EN

The paper concerns the origin and early stage of development of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Kraków. Center for Interdisciplinary Studies was founded by Michał Heller and Józef Życiński in the late 1970s. It was an informal institution which focused on conducting scientific activity in the area of philosophy of nature, relationship between mathematical & natural sciences and philosophy, history of science, as well as relationships between science and religion. In this paper I would like to present how this institution developed, I will discuss various forms of its activity and discuss-very generally-what kind of philosophy was promoted by M. Heller, J. Życiński as well as their pupils and close associates. An important part of the paper will also concern the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies as a unique institution, which has developed-in difficult historical period in Poland-philosophical research in the spirit of freedom and respect for the new achievements of science, and also promoted interdisciplinary dialogue between scientists and philosophers.

19

W poszukiwaniu tożsamości współczesnej filozofii przyrody

32%

Janowski J. M.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2021

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vol. 57

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issue 2

73-99

EN

This article addresses the issue of the identity of the philosophy of nature in the context of three features characteristic of this philosophical discipline, namely its methodological diversity, interdisciplinarity and specific developmental dynamics. This paper examines the threats to the identity of the philosophy of nature resulting from this set of features, particularly from its methodological diversity. It will also attempt to consider these features as (paradoxically) strengthening the identity of the philosophy of nature. Lastly, the entire discussion will be considered in relation to the metaphilosophical dimension of philosophy as an area of knowledge. --------------- Received: 13/08/2021. Reviewed: 06/09/2021. Accepted: 14/10/2021.

PL

W artykule podjęto kwestię dotyczącą tożsamości filozofii przyrody w kontekście trzech współcześnie wymienianych charakterystycznych cech tej dyscypliny, a mianowicie jej różnorodności metodologicznej, interdyscyplinarności oraz swoistej dynamiki rozwojowej. Analizowane są zagrożenia dla tożsamości filozofii przyrody, wynikające z takiego zestawu cech, w szczególności z różnorodności metodologicznej filozofii przyrody. Jednocześnie podjęto próbę obrony wymienionych cech jako powodujących nie tylko zagrożenia, ale również (paradoksalnie) wzmacniających tożsamość filozofii przyrody. Całość analiz odnosi się do metafilozoficznej charakterystyki dziedziny filozofii. --------------- Zgłoszono: 13/08/2021. Zrecenzowano: 06/09/2021. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 14/10/2021.

20

PAULA THAGARDA KRYTERIA DEMARKACJI

32%

Roskal Z.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 1

25-36

EN

In Paul Thagard’s article “Why Astrology Is a Pseudoscience”, we might find some demarcation criteria which are best used in determining whether certain fields with a lot of practitioners can be claimed to be pseudoscientific. Theory T for the pseudoscience club is if T has long been less progressive than its competitors and faces many more unsolved problems; and, adherents to T do not try to develop the theory to solve puzzles, do not attempt to evaluate T with respect to its alternatives, and are highly reserved and selective in seeking confirmation and falsification. Ten years later Thagard gave us new proposals. If T is a pseudoscience, then it is usually the case that (1) T is neither simple nor unified; the explanations, resources, (2) and predictions of T tend to be ad hoc, spurious, or ill-fitted to the rest of T; or, (3) adherents to T do not try to develop the theory to solve puzzles, do not attempt to evaluate T with respect to competitors, and (4) are highly reserved and selective in seeking confirmation and falsification. In this article, Paul Thagard’s criteria of demarcation are examined and evaluated from the point of view of the history of astrology.

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Zarys filozofii przyrody

Uwagi na marginesie dyskusji o funkcjach filozofii przyrody

Filozofia przyrody Władysława Heinricha

Dlaczego jest mnóstwo rzeczy raczej niż prawie nic? – „słabe pytanie Leibniza”

Joachima Metallmanna zarys koncepcji filozofii przyrody

Filozofia Tadeusza Garbowskiego

Problems of Origin. Life as a Property of Matter

Man in a modern world. Reflections on the new philosophy of nature

Koncepcja filozofii przyrody według Franciszka Gabryla. Próba rekonstrukcji

W kierunku ilościowej teorii wzrostu złożoności świata

Wokół myśli Józefa Życińskiego

Filozofia w kontekście nauki. Stare problemy w nowym wydaniu

W poszukiwaniu przyrodniczego, filozoficznego i teologicznego obrazu Wszechświata. Sylwetka naukowa księdza Grzegorza Bugajaka

Filozofia przyrody w alchemii. Zarys związków

Pomiędzy tradycją a współczesnością

Determinizm Laplace'a w świetle teorii fizycznych mechaniki klasycznej

Stanisław Dunin–Borkowski and his views on Einstein’s special theory of relativity

The origin and development of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies. A historical outline by 1993

W poszukiwaniu tożsamości współczesnej filozofii przyrody

PAULA THAGARDA KRYTERIA DEMARKACJI