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EN
The aim of the presented study was to determine if and in what way early maladaptive schemas and achievement motivation influence the sense of stress in the groups of men  and woman. 107 people, including 58 women and 49 men, in age between 21–59 were tested. Subject completed the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), the Achievement Motivation Inventory (LMI) and the Perception of Stress Questionnaire (KSP). A regression analysis showed differences between men and women. In case of women, schemas explain the external stress, while for men – internal stress. Achievement motivation influences all stress domains in a greater extend for women then for the men’s group. Motivation’s factors explain mostly emotional tension. For men’s group, models’ coefficients are weaker, the highest percentage of explained variance is observed for internal stress factor.
PL
Celem badań prezentowanych w artykule było przedstawienie znaczenia wczesnych nieadaptacyjnych schematów i wymiarów motywacji osiągnięć dla nasilenia poczucia stresu u kobiet i mężczyzn. Zbadano 107 osób dorosłych, w tym 58 kobiet oraz 49 mężczyzn. Wiek badanych zawierał się w przedziale 21–59 lat. W badaniu zastosowano następujące metody: Kwestionariusz schematów Younga (YSQ-S3 PL), Inwentarz motywacji osiągnięć (LMI) oraz Kwestionariusz poczucia stresu (KPS). Zaobserwowano różnice międzypłciowe, które potwierdzają, że wczesne nieadaptacyjne schematy oraz wymiary motywacji osiągnięć wyjaśniają poziom poczucia stresu w sposób odmienny dla kobiet i mężczyzn. W przypadku kobiet schematy wyjaśniają najlepiej stres zewnętrzny, podczas gdy dla mężczyzn – stres intrapsychiczny. U kobiet wszystkie czynniki stresu są wyjaśniane przez wymiary motywacji osiągnięć w większym stopniu, przy czym składowe motywacji wyjaśniają przede wszystkim napięcie emocjonalne. W grupie mężczyzn współczynniki te są słabsze, największy p  cent wyjaśnionej wariancji dotyczy zaś stresu intrapsychicznego.
EN
The paper presents the analysis of life attitudes/attachment styles among secondary school teenagers, in terms of selected personal factors that determine their development. The authors draw on the fundamental assumptions of E. Berne’s theory of transactional analysis as well as on the model of attachment styles, created by K. Bartholomew and L.M. Horowitz, describing the individual’s attitudes towards self and others, and emphasizing the fact that the attitudes are determined by such personal factors as the level of stress experienced by an individual, aggressiveness, emotional intelligence and hope of success. The research data indicate that secondary school teenagers tend to have positive views of self; however, they exhibit negative attitudes towards others. This points to a dismissive-avoidant model of attachment (I am OK, You are not OK), characterized by a drive for self-reliance and a tendency to avoid emotional intimacy in interpersonal relations. The study revealed that the most significant correlates of life attitudes (having taken into consideration the strength of the correlation) included such factors as hope of success, experiencing stress, emotional intelligence, and aggressiveness. A strong correlation was discovered between the aforementioned variables and attitudes towards self, which were found to be determined primarily by hope of success (willpower and the ability to find solutions); experiencing stress, predominantly intrapsychic stress and, to a lesser extent, external stress; and emotional intelligence (in particular, the ability to use emotions in the process of thinking and acting). No significant correlations were detected between attitudes towards self and aggressive behaviour and its dimensions (except a weak correlation with emotional sensitivity). It was revealed that attitudes towards other people were primarily predicted by such factors as aggressive behaviour and all its dimensions; external stress; and emotional intelligence (particularly the ability to recognize emotions). A weak, albeit significant, correlation was observed between attitudes towards others and hope of success (in particular, willpower).
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