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EN
How do people read popular literature? Is it possible to connect reading popular literature with category of aesthetic experience (what kind?), or – eventually – what kind of theory could successfully describe this relation? All those questions create a context of the analysis of the book Poetyka doświadczenia (The Poetics of Experience) by Ryszard Nycz. Its author postulates that literature should be understood as a form of the enunciation of experience. He circumscribes here an experience as a specific kind of two-way interaction between readers and their cultural environment, society or nature. It seems that a wide definition, which includes – for example – testimonies of community memory and private, idiosyncratic expressions – describes popular literature, too. However, the author of the article, precisely focusing on the motifs in Nycz’s theory, which directly or indirectly relate to popular literature, doubts its ability to read popular culture. He argues that Nycz’s formula, in fact, is based on modernist conception of high literature with its sacralisation, which eliminates understanding aesthetic experience as a form of pleasure or ludic involvement.
EN
The text is an attempt to indicate innovatory terminological solutions and their critical reception of the so-called cultural theory of literature, being formed in the last decade, on the basis of the last proposal included in Poetyka doświadczenia (“Poetics of Experience”) by Ryszard Nycz. The author of the essay concentrates on the fundamental humanistic notions, for example experiencing, happening, paradigmaticality, interdisciplinarity in the studies into literature or intertextuality, which, from this viewpoint, are subject to redefinition and a kind of conceptualization. A separate place in these considerations is occupied by the comparison of the stance of the author of Sylwy współczesne with the recent writings of Michał Paweł Markowski and the argument with the analysis of specific case studies included in the ending of Poetics of Experience.
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Poetyka trzecia

75%
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2013
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vol. 8
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issue 3
97-106
EN
The author of this article presents the new publication issued by Ryszard Nycz, "Poetyka doświadczenia" ("Poetics of Experience", Warsaw 2012) in the context of this researcher’s previous works. "Sylwy współczesne" ("Contemporary Silva Rerum", Wrocław 1984) is considered to be the first poetics. It is an attempt to depict the phenomena in the Polish literature of the 1960s and 1970s, which were largely affected by the aesthetics of the early Modernism. The second poetics is the volume "Literatura jako trop rzeczywistości" ("Literature as a Trope of Reality", Kraków 2002), which is a description of the modern literature (from the middle 19th century to the end of the 20th century). "Poetics of Experience" constitutes the third poetics, and - at the same time - it is the poetics of both the modern literature and the modern written works. It is also humanistic poetics since it is culture-oriented and since it singles out a humanistic text from all other written works.
PL
Autor przedstawia najnowszą książkę Ryszarda Nycza, Poetykę doświadczenia (Warszawa 2012), w kontekście wcześniejszych prac tego badacza. Sylwy współczesne (Wrocław 1984) uznaje za poetykę pierwszą. Były one próbą opisu zjawisk literackich, które pojawiły się w literaturze polskiej lat sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XX wielu, a punktem orientacyjnym była dla nich estetyka wczesnego modernizmu. Poetyka druga to tom Literatura jako trop rzeczywistości (Kraków 2002), który stanowił opis literatury nowoczesnej (od połowy XIX wieku do końca XX). Poetka doświadczenia jest poetyką (trzecią): literatury nowoczesnej, nowoczesnego piśmiennictwa oraz humanistyczną (i dlatego, że zorientowaną kulturową, i dlatego, że wyodrębnia z uniwersum piśmiennictwa tekst humanistyki).
EN
The article deals with work after the political transformation of 1989 in the light of contemporary literary accounts in the prose of Andrzej Stasiuk, Dawid Bieńkowski, Piotr Siemion, Daniel Odija, and others. The literary works are taken to contain records of personal and social problems, captured as objectivised experience of many individuals. An attempt is made to adapt the methodological proposals characteristic of the poetics of experience to selected approaches to work in contemporary literature. These approaches include: the shortage of work as the key element of social change, part-time work, physical work (often considered inferior and unfulfilling), work on a marketplace (as the release of subdued energy), the work of a small-business entrepreneur (along with bankruptcy as an inalienable element of the experience), and work connected with new forms of capitalist corporate context. The experience of work in the times of transformation, as it appears in literature, is presented in terms of failure, exclusion, exploitation, more than a mirage of careers – although the latter approach is also present, albeit often in the context of irony and parody. In the writers’ view, the Polish reality after the transformation reveals a deep social disintegration, while individuals, forced to become self-reliant, do not always win when confronted with the new, capitalist reality.
PL
 Autor zajmuje się doświadczeniem pracy w czasach transformacji ustrojowej po roku 1989 w świetle współczesnych świadectw literackich zawartych w prozie Andrzeja Stasiuka, Dawida Bieńkowskiego, Piotra Siemiona, Daniela Odii i innych. Utwory literackie traktuje jako zapis problemów jednostkowych i społecznych, ujętych w aspekcie obiektywizacji doświadczenia, będącego udziałem wielu jednostek. Propozycje metodologiczne, wypracowywane w ramach poetyki doświadczenia stara się zaadaptować do próby prześledzenia kilku wskazanych ujęć problematyzacji doświadczenia pracy w literaturze najnowszej. Do tych ujęć należą: ukazywanie braku pracy jako kluczowego kontekstu zmiany społecznej, następnie: praca dorywcza, fizyczna, ujmowana często jako praca wstydliwa, nieprzynosząca satysfakcji, praca bazarowa, ukazywana jako wyzwolenie tłumionej energii, praca drobnego biznesmena – wraz z bankructwem jako nieodłącznym elementem tego doświadczenia – oraz praca związana z nowymi formami kapitalistycznego korporacjonizmu.Doświadczenie pracy czasów transformacji w świetle ujęć literackich przedstawiane jest częściej w kategoriach klęski, wykluczenia, wyzysku niż mirażu karier, choć i takie ujęcia pojawiają się – jednak często w konwencjach ironicznoparodystycznych. Zdaniem pisarzy w polskiej rzeczywistości po przełomie ujawnia się głęboka dezintegracja społeczna, zaś jednostki, zdane na siebie, nie zawsze wychodzą zwycięsko w konfrontacji z nową, kapitalistyczną rzeczywistością.
EN
Analysis and interpretation of the film fresque made by Croatian director Lordan Zafranović (1978), a masterpiece of European art cinema of 70s. Marek Hendrykowski’s study describes relationship between poetics of experience and aesthetics of shock. It also expresses the importance of mythical perspective (Babel Tower) and its meaning as the factor of common consciousness in keeping memory of the past in art and life of contemporary societies.
EN
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and essays written by Herta Müller, the most famous Romanian dissident and the recipient of the 2009 Noble Prize in literature. The point of departure for the analysis is the reference to the Romanian regime of Ceaușescu contained in the Historical Notes on The Handmaid’s Tale, which constitute an integral part of Atwood’s novel. Juxtaposing the aforementioned novel with Herta Müller’s essays, the article reveals conspicuous parallels between the actual experience of living under a regime, omnipresent in the texts of the Romanian-born German author, and the dystopian narrative of Offred, the protagonist of The Handmaid’s Tale. The article examines the texts through the lens of the poetics of experience, that is, it treats them as a record of an individual experience which has the power to influence the reader through emphatic involvement.
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