Search results

1

L2 (IM)POLITENESS IN THE SYNCHRONOUS CHAT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEARNERS

100%

Craig D. H., Jaewoo D.

Teaching English with Technology

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2017

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vol. 17

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issue 1

17-45

EN

Participation in interactive games, especially those in immersive environments, is often employed in learning contexts to stochastically develop L2 learners’ language ability. However, typical measures of language ability often do not reflect pragmatic competencies. This study juxtaposes two elementary school ESL learners’ language ability, and facility with the media, with their politeness measures. Data was collected from out-of-school gameplay chat in a virtual environment designed for elementary school learners. Results suggest learners can express pragmatic miscues to interlocutors in the lean media of synchronous chat.

2

Politeness and Pietas as Annexed to the Virtue of Justice

100%

Mooney T. B., Roy D.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2020

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issue 1

37-56

EN

“Politeness” appears to be connected to a quite disparate set of related concepts, including but not limited to, “manners,” “etiquette,” “agreeableness,” “respect” and even “piety.” While in the East politeness considered as an important social virtue is present (and even central) in the theoretical and practical expressions of the Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist traditions, (indeed politeness has been viewed in these traditions as central to proper education) it has not featured prominently in philosophical discussion in the West. American presidents Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and George Washington all devoted discussion to politeness within the broader ambit of manners and etiquette, as too did Erasmus, Edmund Burke and Ralph Waldo Emerson but on the whole sustained philosophical engagement with the topic has been lacking in the West. The richest source for philosophical investigation is perhaps afforded by the centrality of the concept of respect in Immanuel Kant. However in this paper we will instead draw on the writings of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas to defend the centrality of “politeness” as an important and valuable moral virtue. Starting with an analysis of the broader Aristotelian arguments on the virtues associated with “agreeableness,” namely, friendliness, truthfulness and wit I will argue that “politeness” should be thought of as an important moral virtue attached to social intercourse (and by extension the vice of impoliteness). I then move to identify an even broader and more important account of politeness, drawing on the work of Aquinas, as intimately connected to the notion of pietas (piety) as a fundamental part of the virtue of justice.

3

Funktionsverbgefüge als Ausdruck von Höflichkeit in geschäftlicher Korrespondenz

100%

Piątkowski Ł.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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issue 17

237-247

EN

Light-verb constructions (Helbig 1977) are complex multi-word units that occur in almost every language and language variety. They are also definied as an integral part of the specialized languages and thus also of the business correspondence. The aim of the article is to show how the light verb constructions can cause linguistic politeness. The focus is on the achievements of the light verb constructions such as passivation, change of perspective and the indirectness of the speech act.

4

(Nie)grzeczność w dyskursie

100%

Haugh M.

tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs

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2022

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issue 16

195-214

EN

In this article we focus on what discourse analysis brings to (im)politeness research. The paper begins by considering in more detail what is (im)politeness and why studying it in discourse is important. We then review some of the main approaches of discourse analysis that are employed in (im)politeness research. This is followed by two sample studies that illustrate some of the key challenges we face when analysing (im)politeness across different languages or different varieties of the same language. It can be seen that the shift in how (im)politeness is theorised over the past two decades has been accompanied by a move towards anchoring the analysis of (im)politeness in discourse. (Im)politeness is not something that should be attached to single utterances and its dynamic nature in discourse is what drives, in part, variability in evaluations of (im)politeness amongst users. It is also necessary to systematically examine not only whose understanding of politeness we are examining, but also on what grounds those understandings arise.

5

Online communication and students’ pragmatic choices in English

100%

Eslami Z. R.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2013

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vol. 9

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issue 1

71-92

EN

This study examined the opening and closing sequences of requestive e–mails written by 66 native English speaking (NES) students and 34 Iranian (NNES) students sent to a faculty member in an American university. Three hundred requestive e–mails from NES students and NNES students sent to a professor were collected over six semesters and were analyzed for the cultural and social variation that exists in e–mail communication. Students’ choices of opening and closing strategies were examined with respect to different interpersonal styles of politeness (solidarity vs. deference). Quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that solidarity and deference towards the professor were expressed differently in the e–mails of NES students and NNES students.

6

L’insegnamento della cortesia come elemento della competenza comunicativa nei manuali d’italiano LS: sfide e soluzioni

100%

Miłkowska-Samul K.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2020

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vol. 47

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issue 2

81-92

PL

The aim of this paper is to address the issue of teaching politeness in textbooks dedicated to learners of Italian as a foreign language. It is assumed that in today’s ever-changing world, full of conflicts and challenges of various kinds, polite communication has become of increasing importance as it helps overcome differences between the participants of the act of communication and promote a peaceful coexistence. Politeness is a phenomenon particularly sensitive to the situational context: the forms considered appropriate vary according to the parameters such as place, channel, age or status of the interactants. Since the complexity of politeness and the variability of its exponents make it difficult to teach, the purpose of this research is to analyze if and how the current textbooks of Italian deal with this aspect of communicative competence. The paper examines which aspects of politeness are taught and with what methods. The analysis is based on the selected textbooks of Italian published in Italy and Poland, in order to compare their approaches.

7

Zwroty grzecznościowe w korespondencji prywatnej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim końca XIX i pierwszej połowy XX wieku

100%

Gaś S.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 1

207-218

EN

The study presents the results of the analysis of verbal politeness in private letters. The persuasive aspect was taken into account. The paper concentrates on unpublished letters and greeting cards written by inhabitants of Teschen Silesia from the 1894–1952 period. The study shows a local model of politeness. Complying with the rules, the sender of private letters can affect the recipient more efficiently.

8

A Multivariate Study of T/V Forms in European Languages Based on a Parallel Corpus of Film Subtitles

100%

Levshina N.

Research in Language

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2017

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vol. 15

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issue 2

153-172

EN

The present study investigates the cross-linguistic differences in the use of so-called T/V forms (e.g. French tu and vous, German du and Sie, Russian ty and vy) in ten European languages from different language families and genera. These constraints represent an elusive object of investigation because they depend on a large number of subtle contextual features and social distinctions, which should be cross-linguistically matched. Film subtitles in different languages offer a convenient solution because the situations of communication between film characters can serve as comparative concepts. I selected more than two hundred contexts that contain the pronouns you and yourself in the original English versions, which are then coded for fifteen contextual variables that describe the Speaker and the Hearer, their relationships and different situational properties. The creators of subtitles in the other languages have to choose between T and V when translating from English, where the T/V distinction is not expressed grammatically. On the basis of these situations translated in ten languages, I perform multivariate analyses using the method of conditional inference trees in order to identify the most relevant contextual variables that constrain the T/V variation in each language.

9

Ihre fachliche Qualifizierung steht für uns außer Frage oder Da ist ein gutes Kompliment teuer! – Zur Analyse der Komplimente in den deutschen Absageschreiben

100%

Szczęk J., Universität Wrocław I. f. G. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2013

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vol. 09

EN

The aim of a refusal letter as an answer to a job application is to communicate negative information to the person who is trying to obtain a job. For the reason of the necessity to save face as well as an inconvenience of the situation, authors of refusal letters apply various strategies aiming at mitigation of the formulated refusal. The objective of the article is to present structural elements of refusal letters containing complimenting phrases, as well as an analysis of language means used in such phrases.

10

Origen y evolución de las fórmulas de saludo con besar en español

100%

Zieliński A.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2019

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vol. 46

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issue 4

17-27

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse two Spanish greeting formulas derivated from the atelic predicate besar las manos (y los pies) ‘to kiss the hands (and feet)’, which, despite their apparent formal resemblance, came to codify totally opposite socio-pragmatic values. Through the systematic search in epistolary texts until the beginnings of the 20th century we will try to find (i) the socio-pragmatic factors that play the most important role in each type of greeting; (ii) the paradigmatic origin of each formula, and (iii) their sociocultural distribution.

11

Humour in colloquial conversation

100%

Alvarado Ortega M. B.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 1

EN

Researchers from the GRIALE group (Irony and Humour Research Group) have developed a theoretical method that can be applied to humorous ironic utterances in different textual genres, depending on the degree of the violation of conversational principles in conversation. In addition to this, the General Theory of Verbal Humor (Attardo and Raskin, 1991) will be taken into account in the analysis. Therefore, I will study irony and humour in conversational utterances in real examples of Peninsular Spanish obtained from the COVJA, (Corpus de conversaciones coloquiales [Corpus of Colloquial Conversations]) and CREA, (Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual [Reference Corpus of Present-Day Spanish]). The focus of this paper is then the application of the aforementioned theories to humorous ironic statements which arise in conversation. I will also examine the positive or negative effects caused by them, which will additionally verify if irony and humour coexist in the same conversational exchange, and if this has a communicative goal.

12

Dyrektywne akty mowy w świetle strategii grzeczności

100%

Pytel-Pandey D.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2013

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vol. 157

117 - 125

EN

The paper discusses directive speech acts in the light of known theory by P. Braun and S. Levinson. The author also tries to show how to avoid the negative impact of directive speech acts in face to face communicative act.

13

On the Pragmatics of Hortatory Subjunctive in Italian Business Letter Discourse

88%

Vergaro C.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2007

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vol. 3

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issue -1

37-60

EN

This paper is a pragmatic account of the use of the Italian hortatory subjunctive in business letter discourse. According to traditional descriptions of the Italian subjunctive mood which mostly focus on the use of this mood in dependent clauses, the hortatory subjunctive is one of the few remaining examples of subjunctive use in independent clauses. In business letter discourse it is used in independent clauses, always as a formulaic modal expression with the modal verb of volition volere (will). In this paper it is argued that (i) the rare examples of its use seem to confirm that in the Italian language the hortatory subjunctive survives only in very formal (and formulaic) types of writing, business letter discourse being a case in point; and that (ii) in this type of genre the dynamic modality expressed by the subjunctive mood is used only in specific moves within the text for negative politeness reasons. The findings also suggest the need to take a "discourse-approach" to politeness, i.e. to rethink and analyze politeness as a holistic phenomenon which is the result of a number of acts intricately wound together in the text, both at the micro and macro level.

14

Sposoby wzmocnienia aktu mowy dezaprobaty w języku polskim, rosyjskim i angielskim

88%

Czapiga A.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2019

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vol. Tom 2 Nr XXIV

57-67

EN

The present paper is devoted to the phenomenon of disapproval as a speech act in contrastive Polish-Russian-English perspective. Special attention is paid to the utterances in which the speaker strengthens the speech act. The material for the analysis was excerpted from contemporary literary works in the three above mentioned languages.Choosing to express negative evaluation and lack of consent, the sender acts against the rules of politeness – he/she does not agree with the receiver and even prevents the interlocutor from action. In certain circumstances the speaker decides to strengthen the disapproval in order to achieve a stronger effect on the listener. Such utterances usually contain extra elements like emotional lexemes, proverbs or rhetoric questions.

15

Polite talk

88%

Alfonzetti G., Alfonzetti G.

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

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2019

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issue 2

16

O tratamento das formas de tratamento nas aulas de português língua estrangeira

88%

Papis B.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2014

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vol. 13

435-443

EN

The terms T and V, based on the Latin pronouns tu and vos, are more connected with a specified society and its culture than with the language they belong to. The terms concern human behaviours and interpersonal relations and they change constantly as the relations evolve. The system of T‑V terms in European Portuguese is very rich, that is why its teaching is a true challenge. It is not really about the lexical terms, it is a combination of pragmatics and sociocultural factors, which, connected to them, promotes the creation and the maintenance of cooperative domain as the first step to a successful communication essential in the usage of the language. To be so, the lexical T‑V terms, as well as the pragmatics and sociocultural factors, create the unique matter of teaching/learning at classes of Portuguese as a foreign language.

17

Der „kommunikative Raum“ in der kulturologischen (Un)Höflichkeitsforschung

88%

Bonacchi S.

Glottodidactica

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2013

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vol. 40

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issue 1

35-47

EN

-

PL

The paper attempts to define the term "communicative space” for (im)politeness research. “Communicative space” is a crucial notion for the definition of concepts such as “ritual balance”, “discursive rule”, “discursive position”, “territoriality”, “field of action” and “co-construction of communicative interaction” (Jacoby, Ochs 1995). “Communicative space” cannot be reduced to the mere physical space in which an (im)polite communicative interaction takes place (“transactional space” according to Kendon 1990). It is a mental space, which is “co-constructed” in so far as it is the result of the convergence of the mental worlds of interactants mediated by utterences. In this sense it can be defined as a “phenomenal space” which is ruled by structuring principles and field laws. The capacity of creating convergent communicative spaces is a key competence which lays the foundations for dialogue capacity and permits successful communicative interactions; therefore it is defined as a very important educational goal in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2001).

18

Grzeczność kluczem do zyskania przychylności słuchaczy w oparciu o wykłady Tadeusza Zielińskiego (1859–1944)

88%

Szewczykowska A.

Collectanea Philologica

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2020

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issue 23

145-154

EN

Tadeusz Zieliński was an outstanding scholar specialising in Greek and Roman literature as well as an accomplished orator, though nowadays he is not always appreciated. The best example of his vast knowledge and oratorical talent is undoubtedly the cycle of eight lectures on the broadly conceived Antiquity. In those lectures, Zieliński discussed the ancient world in terms of scientific research, its influence on modern culture and its role in educating the young generation. In order to ensure the effectiveness of his message, he first had to win favour with the audience. His prestige in the scientific community greatly facilitated it, while the numerous rhetorical and linguistic devices he used guaranteed that his persuasive message brought the expected results. Coherent and logical composition, clear and vivid language, topoi, expressions and phrases aimed at reducing the distance between the sender and the receiver, adjusting the style to the audience, numerous examples, references to authoritative figures, among other things, played a vital role here. Such devices were as important as the contents of the text itself as they ensured the effectiveness of the communication.

19

Linguistic Strategies According to Gender as Reflected in the Kenya National Assembly

88%

Owuor B. O., Ngugi B. N.

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2023

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vol. 11

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issue 1

47-63

EN

Gender is ever present in our conversation. It is used to explain everything and is embedded in our institutions, our actions, thoughts and beliefs. In this research, we set out to establish the linguistic strategies employed by the male and female members of the Kenya National Assembly to drive their agenda and to achieve successful communication. This research sets out to establish assembly members’ manner of speaking and general adherence to speaking norms on the assembly floor. Under such a background, the study examined language and gender in the Kenya National Assembly. The research questions were: what are the linguistic strategies employed by speakers on the assembly floor based on their gender? How do members react to the gendered linguistic strategies? The study employed the Politeness Theory. The data was collected from four randomly selected sessions in the 12th Parliament- also referred to as National Assembly. The analysis of data adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach. Audio-visual recordings from the National Assembly were transcribed for analysis. In this process, selective transcription was used for the purpose of the research. Analysis of the linguistic items was done. The study established that members of the National Assembly used the following linguistic strategies: being direct, being assertive, use of metaphors, were ironic among others. It was observed that most of the members reacted in the following ways: cooperation, showing understanding, among others.

20

Imperativeness in between Grammatical Givens and Communicative Politeness

87%

Palašić N., Zbašnik T.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2017

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issue 13

PL

The paper focuses on the relation between imperatives and imperativeness, that is, between the imperative as a grammatical mood with a defined form and its assigned function, on the one hand, and imperativeness as a communicative value that can manifest itself through different morphosyntactic forms, on the other. In this sense, the function of imperatives is analysed in the context of the theory of speech acts. The analysis reveals that different imperative forms can be classified as different types of speech acts based on their various communicative roles. The theory of politeness dictates that directness, which is a basic feature of imperatives, should be avoided in polite communication. This is why we also focus on other morphosyntactic forms whose form indicates a reduced level of directness, but whose content still has the characteristics of imperatives.

Refine search results

L2 (IM)POLITENESS IN THE SYNCHRONOUS CHAT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEARNERS

Politeness and Pietas as Annexed to the Virtue of Justice

Funktionsverbgefüge als Ausdruck von Höflichkeit in geschäftlicher Korrespondenz

(Nie)grzeczność w dyskursie

Online communication and students’ pragmatic choices in English

L’insegnamento della cortesia come elemento della competenza comunicativa nei manuali d’italiano LS: sfide e soluzioni

Zwroty grzecznościowe w korespondencji prywatnej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim końca XIX i pierwszej połowy XX wieku

A Multivariate Study of T/V Forms in European Languages Based on a Parallel Corpus of Film Subtitles

Ihre fachliche Qualifizierung steht für uns außer Frage oder Da ist ein gutes Kompliment teuer! – Zur Analyse der Komplimente in den deutschen Absageschreiben

Origen y evolución de las fórmulas de saludo con besar en español

Humour in colloquial conversation

Dyrektywne akty mowy w świetle strategii grzeczności

On the Pragmatics of Hortatory Subjunctive in Italian Business Letter Discourse

Sposoby wzmocnienia aktu mowy dezaprobaty w języku polskim, rosyjskim i angielskim

Polite talk

O tratamento das formas de tratamento nas aulas de português língua estrangeira

Der „kommunikative Raum“ in der kulturologischen (Un)Höflichkeitsforschung

Grzeczność kluczem do zyskania przychylności słuchaczy w oparciu o wykłady Tadeusza Zielińskiego (1859–1944)

Linguistic Strategies According to Gender as Reflected in the Kenya National Assembly

Imperativeness in between Grammatical Givens and Communicative Politeness