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EN
The history of the residence of Jan III Sobieski, king of Poland, in Wilanow, located 10 kms to the south-east of the centre of Warsaw, dates back to the early Middle Ages. The beginnings of a settlement in this terrain are testified by an early mediaeval cemetery from the thirteenth-fourteenth century, discovered in 1955-1961 at the site of he later parish church, erected at the end of the fifteenth century. The transference of the church at the end of the seventeenth century to the west was accompanied by the establishment of a cemetery existing up to the first quarter of the nineteenth century. A new cemetery was created in 1816, far from the palace and village buildings and designed in the form of a small circle with a chapel-mausoleum in the centre (1824- 1826). In the mid-nineteenth century, the cemetery was expanded and given the form of a Greek cross which at the end of the century became a square with rounded edges. The original shape of the cemetery was deformed during the second world war. The first attempt at its regulation and harmonious development linked with the composition configuration of the royal residence in Wilanow was made after the war. Difficulties encountered by the realisation of this project led to a second design, proposed in 1996; its implementation should be favoured by the new sociopolitical conditions in Poland.
EN
The article covers the analysis of tombstones in the Ternopil voivodeship (Ukraine) which mark the burial places of participants in Polish independence battles and wars in the 20th century. Their identification was possible thanks to inventory work carried out by the Institute of Art History of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw. Despite their typical form, the significance of the monuments discussed lies in their connections with the history of Poland.
PL
Artykuł obejmuje analizę nagrobków w województwie tarnopolskim (Ukraina), które oznaczają miejsca pochówku uczestników polskich bitew niepodległościowych i wojen w XX wieku. Ich identyfikacja była możliwa dzięki pracom inwentaryzatorskim prowadzonym przez Instytut Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie. Pomimo swojej typowej formy, znaczenie omawianych zabytków leży w ich związku z historią Polski.
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EN
The cemetery, founded at the beginning of the twentieth century, functioned up to the year 1946. It was the burial site for deceased members of the Warmia Cathedral Chapter, established in the mid-thirteenth century by Anselm, the first bishop of Warmia. In the 1911-1946 period the cemetery witnessed 23 burials, and up to this day preserved 20 monuments executed from various material: stone, iron, and wood. The appearance of the cemetery is supplemented by a monumental sculpture depicting the Crucifixion, a copy of a well-known work by Tilemann Niemenschneider, master of Wurzburg, and executed by Stein, a sculptor from Freiburg.
PL
W artykule prezentowane są wyniki wstępnych badań dotyczących pomników nagrobnych kampańskich Augustales. Autor skupił się zarówno na ich materialnym komponencie (nośniki inskrypcji, a także zachowane w nielicznych przypadkach grobowce; omówiona została typologia pomników, materiał, z którego je wykonano, ich rozmiar i towarzyszące im przedstawienia ikonograficzne) jak i na informacjach zawartych w tekstach inskrypcji nagrobnych, które dotyczą m.in. pozycji społecznej, aktywności euergetycznej i więzi rodzinnych Augustales. Rezultatem badań jest katalog pomników nagrobnych Augustales, które poddano wstępnej analizie (w ujęciu geograficznym i chronologicznym). W zamyśle autora artykuł ten ma być przyczynkiem do dalszych studiów na temat specyfiki pomników nagrobnych kampańskich Augustales – czy to na tle wznoszonych przez innych mieszkańców kampańskich miast, czy, w szerszym kontekście geograficznym, na tle pomników nagrobnych italskich Augustales.
EN
The article presents the results of a preliminary study on funerary monuments of Campanian Augustales. The author focused on the material objects (meaning objects upon which the text was inscribed and preserved tombs) – their typology, the material from which they were made, their size and accompanying iconographic representations – as well as on information left in inscriptions by their commissioners (regarding, i.a., social status, euergetic activity and the familial ties of Augustales). As a result, a catalogue of funerary monuments of Campanian Augustales was created and a preliminary analysis (from a geographical and chronological perspective) was conducted. The author intends this article to be a preliminary study for further research on the specificity of funerary monuments of Campanian Augustales. These monuments will be discussed against the background of funerary monuments of inhabitants of other Campanian cities and, in a broader geographical context, against the background of funerary monuments of Italian Augustales.
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