Search results

1

Postavení žen v “řemenářské“ obci Metylovice

100%

Machalička V.

Národopisný věstník

|

2007

|

vol. 24_(66)

|

issue 1

55-63

EN

The belt making on mass scale in Metylovice considerably influenced lives of women in this village, especially in the first half of the 20th century. Belt making besides hard work, when they had to take part directly in the production, enabled women to gain certain independence and financial capital. In this way, several different strata of women in leather manufacturing characterized by distinctive professionally social phenomena were created. It is possible to divide Metylovice women engaged in belt making into several groups: a worker carrying out individual operations of technological process of making whips and other assortment, petty tradesman’s wife taking part directly in production and distribution, wife of a wealthier belt maker who belonged to the highest social class in the village, a businesswoman with her own production means. Also this distinguished Metylovice from surrounding villages in the first half of the 20th century.

2

Z republiky do protektorátu. Přehled a charakteristika dosavadní produkce k postavení ženy ve společnosti na sklonku první republiky a v protektorátu

75%

Jedličková B.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

|

2014

|

vol. 22

|

issue 1

173-201

EN

There is no doubt that the period of Nazi occupation and of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was one of the most difficult ones in the nation’s past. What was the position of women in that “society locked in a totalitarian regime” viewed from the societal perspective? In the early 20th century women had already achieved a great progress in their emancipation. After the emergence of an independent state, society was slowly getting used to the equality of rights of both sexes. Still, women had to face a number of problems during the existence of independent and democratic Czechoslovakia. The Second World War changed their position both at the official and unofficial level. On the one hand, women were expected to concentrate on their age-long role of motherhood; on the other hand, however, they constituted an important and large labor force in the Nazi ideology. Irreversible transformations of the position of women in society took place in the occupied country and were then also reflected in the postwar period. Women became a very important segment of labor force expected to help with the postwar economic recovery, which applies not only to the period of 1945–1948, but primarily to the subsequent period during which the position of women changed dramatically.

3

Žena jako objekt tištěných vtipů ve vybraných ročnících Vilímkova kalendáře Humoristických listů

75%

Poláková J.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

|

2016

|

vol. 26

|

issue 1

19 - 32

EN

The focus of the study is on nine volumes of selected folk reading calendars which were issued between 1889 and 1911. The essay offers an overview of basic types and forms of anecdotes and jokes which could be find in the chosen volumes of the calendar, and their graphical and language means. The contribution presents anecdotes, which were concentrated on women, and uses them to indicate the then society’s understanding of women and their position within the society and family. All selected volumes of Vilímek’s humoristic calendar gave a clear feeling of several rooted and only slowly changing stereotype images about women. Some storylines, figures or points had not changed for decades; some others change or cease to exist at the moment when they are no longer actual. While the oral tradition allows a joke to flexibly response to a change, the printed versions are preserved once for all. On the one hand, their relation to the time when they were published allows us an original insight. On the other hand, the point sometimes fully disappears without more detailed knowledge of period cultural and social relations.

4

Pozycja kobiety w dokumentach ONZ a praktyka w wybranych państwach świata

75%

Stankiewicz W.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

|

2014

|

vol. 6(42)

|

issue 1

155-183

EN

The article aims at showing the situation of women all over the world. Despite many treaties, international provisions and organizations working for reducing discrimination against females, there are still instances of violation of women's rights. As a result of socio-cultural changes, which have occurred over several centuries, the male is seen as someone superior in the social hierarchy. However as a result of globalization, we can witness more and more often how the formation of the system of international law is taking place even in the most distant places in the world. These changes empower women for their fight for rights. Thanks to the increasing globalization and the development of international communication the information indicating the existence of a wellestablished system of international law reaches women from distant places of the world much more often. A regular flow of such information raises the level of self-awareness of women making them want to fight for their own will and freedom of existence, the opportunity to decide for themselves about themselves. In some countries, e.g. Arabic or African, for several years now, women have been systematically attempting to fight for their own rights, but it has also often been the case that because of their efforts, they ended up in a worse situation than before. This fact effectively prevents women from striving for their rights, e.g. women victims in courts. Unfortunately, in many cases women (especially in African countries) remain passive to the abuses of men.

PL

Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie sytuacji kobiet na świecie. Mimo wielu traktatów i postanowień międzynarodowych oraz organizacji działających na rzecz zmniejszenia dyskryminacji płci żeńskiej dochodzi do łamania praw kobiet. W wyniku zmian społeczno-kulturowych, które odnotowano na przestrzeni kilku wieków, mężczyzna postrzegany jest jako wyżej znajdujący się w hierarchii społecznej. Jednak w wyniku globalizacji coraz częściej, nawet w najbardziej oddalonych zakątkach świata, mamy do czynieni z tworzeniem się systemu prawa międzynarodowego, dzięki któremu kobiety mogą walczyć o własne prawa. Za sprawą postępującej globalizacji oraz rozwoju komunikacji międzynarodowej do kobiet z bardzo odległych zakątków świata coraz częściej docierają informacje świadczące o istnieniu ugruntowanego systemu prawa międzynarodowego. Systematyczny napływ takich informacji podnosi poziom samoświadomości kobiet sprawiając, iż pragną one walczyć o własną wolę i swobodę istnienia, o możliwość samodzielnego decydowania o sobie. W części państw, np. arabskich lub afrykańskich kobiety od kilku lat systematycznie podejmują próby walki o własne prawa, niestety niejednokrotnie popadają przez to w sytuację jeszcze gorszą, niż przed podjęciem jakichkolwiek działań. Fakt ten skutecznie przeciwdziała przed dociekaniem swoich praw, np. na drodze sądowej przez pokrzywdzone kobiety. Niestety w wielu przypadkach kobiety ( zwłaszcza w krajach afrykańskich) pozostają bierne wobec poczynań mężczyzn.

5

Miejsce kobiet w przestrzeni publicznej w Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej do lat siedemdziesiątych (w świetle „Kobiety i Życia” i „Filipinki”)

51%

Ćwik U.

Studia Podlaskie

|

2014

|

issue 22

113-127

RU

Цель данной статьи показать место польских женщин в публичном пространстве в период Польской Народной Республики (ПНР). Пресса в это время была признанна за один из основных инструментов, которые служат для создания «нового социалистического человека». Политическая пропаганда ПНР охватила также женскую прессу. Первым журналом для женщин, который был создан после Второй мировой войны был ежемесячник, позже декада, издаваемый под названием «Мода и практическая жизнь», позже еженедельник «Женщина и жизнь», который издавался в 1946––2002 гг. с 2008 г. выходит как ежемесячное издание. В свою очередь журнал «Филиппинка», который издавался раз на две недели, был первым журналом для подростков. Анализируя тексты на страницах журналов «Женщина и жизнь» и «Филиппинки» на протяжении более 30 лет, можно сказать, что все это время они были под контролем и пропагандой коммунистической власти. Прекрасным подтверждением этого является пример женщины, который пропагандировался, главным образом в вопросах их профессиональной деятельности. В начале 50-х годов в польских СМИ доминировала советская модель, поэтому примером для польских женщин должна была стать советская женщина – простая работница, находчивая, принимающая участие в гонке социалистического труда. Тем не менее, в конце 50-х годов, когда проблемой стала высокая безработица среди женщин, из прессы исчезла личностная модель, пропагандировавшаяся несколько лет раньше. Началось представление модели женщин, которые исполняя свои домашние обязанности, реализуются как матери и жены.

EN

The aim of this article is to show the place of Polish women in the public space of our country during the communist era. From the very beginning of the Polish People’s Republic the press had been recognized as one of the main instruments to build a “new socialist man”. Polish communist propaganda also included women’s press, which means magazines for women, for example, the ones indicted in the subtitle. It, too, influenced content, the method of recognition of topics, the structure and form of the language. The first magazine for women which was published after World War II was a monthly entitled Moda i Życie Praktyczne (Fashion and Practical Life). A decade later it was transformed into the weekly issued under the name Kobieta i Życie (Woman and Life). The magazine was published from January 1946 to February 2002. In 2008 it reappeared as a monthly and is present on the market today. Then Filipinka, the first magazine for teenage girls, appeared on 15 May 1957. The biweekly magazine was created as a younger sister of Kobieta i Życie and was published by RSW Prasa-Książka-Ruch – the main, if not the only publishing company at that time. Analyzing the content of articles in these two magazines within the following thirty years it is easy to state that the magazines were under the constant control of communist authorities and were the subject of their propaganda. The perfect confirmation of the situation is a model of the woman promoted by authorities which perceived her mainly in terms of economic activity. At the beginning of the 1950s, the Polish media were dominated by the Soviet standards. Consequently , a simple, resourceful woman-worker participating in the socialist labour race became an exemplar to follow. Then, in the late 1950s the situation changed as a result of high unemployment among women. The press no longer promoted the previous model. They began to present profiles of the women who fulfilled their household chores and felt satisfied as mothers and wives.

Refine search results

1 Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

1 Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

1 Národopisný věstník

1 Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

1 Studia Podlaskie

1 Jedličková B.

1 Machalička V.

1 Poláková J.

1 Stankiewicz W.

1 Ćwik U.

1 2016

3 2014

1 2007

Postavení žen v “řemenářské“ obci Metylovice

Z republiky do protektorátu. Přehled a charakteristika dosavadní produkce k postavení ženy ve společnosti na sklonku první republiky a v protektorátu

Žena jako objekt tištěných vtipů ve vybraných ročnících Vilímkova kalendáře Humoristických listů

Pozycja kobiety w dokumentach ONZ a praktyka w wybranych państwach świata

Miejsce kobiet w przestrzeni publicznej w Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej do lat siedemdziesiątych (w świetle „Kobiety i Życia” i „Filipinki”)