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EN
The aim of this paper is to present modal particles in German, with special emphasis on their semantic features. The paper depicts the problem of meaning of modal particles in different grammars and outlines the attitude of the author to the question, whether German modal particles have some particular meaning or not. The author comes to the conclusion that German modal particles have a specific type of meaning, namely a pragmatic (illocutionary) one.
EN
Evaluative verbs as a linguistic reflection of generally accepted ideas about the concepts of “norm” – “not-the-norm”The article is focused on analysis of evaluative verbs in modern Belorussian literary language. The subject of the study are oral speech verbs. Evaluative verbal nominations considered as a reflection of generally accepted ideas about the concepts “norm” – “not-the-norm”. A description of semantical and formal features of these nominations is given. Czasowniki oceniające jako językowe odzwierciedlenie ogólnie przyjętych wyobrażeń o pojęciach „norma" - „nie-norma"W artykule opisane zostały na materiale współczesnego literackiego języka białoruskiego oceniające czasowniki mówienia. Znaczeniowo-pragmatyczne właściwości tych wyrazów autor rozpatruje jako odzwierciedlenie w języku tradycyjnych wyobrażeń o pojęciach „norma” – „nie-norma”. W artykule omówione zostały podstawowe treści emocjonalnooceniające wyrażane przez te czasowniki.
EN
The article is focused on analysis of evaluative verbs in modern Belorussian literary language. The subject of the study are oral speech verbs. Evaluative verbal nominations considered as a reflection of generally accepted ideas about the concepts “norm” – “not-the-norm”. A description of semantical and formal features of these nominations is given.
PL
W artykule opisane zostały na materiale współczesnego literackiego języka białoruskiego oceniające czasowniki mówienia. Znaczeniowo-pragmatyczne właściwości tych wyrazów autor rozpatruje jako odzwierciedlenie w języku tradycyjnych wyobrażeń o pojęciach „norma” – „nie-norma”. W artykule omówione zostały podstawowe treści emocjonalnooceniające wyrażane przez te czasowniki.
EN
This paper examines the notional and pragmatic components of the meaning of the Czech phrasemes containing names of fairy-tale creatures. We do not aim for exhaustive evidence of phrasemes from thematic unit Names of fairy-tale creatures, but we are trying to prove on a few concrete examples that phrasemes 1) can solely convey literal meanings (either notional or pragmatic, or both notional and pragmatic), or, 2) in addition to verbatim meaning, they can also acquire figurative and/or transferred meaning (namely notional, or pragmatic, or both national and pragmatic concurently). In this paper, we prove that the traditionally postulated concept of Czech phraseology does not apply, namely that each phrasemes is represented by both (a notional and a pragmatic) component of meaning. On the contrary, it appears that some phraseological units can only be of notional significance, other phrasemes can only have pragmatic significance.
EN
The article focuses on the synthetic future (FS: “hablaré”) and the analytic future (FA: “voy a hablar”). It presents three perspectives on the use and the distribution of these two forms based on existing studies. The first perspective is represented by studies which focus on linguistic factors and explain the rise in frequency of the analytic future as a result of the grammaticalization of ir a + infinitive. The second perspective assumes that the FS and the FA are used in different semantic-pragmatic contexts and the third perspective points to different situational meanings of the FA and the FS.
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