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1

Wygaśnięcie użytkowania wieczystego na skutek zawarcia umowy rozwiązującej

100%
Królikowski M.
Rejent
|
2023
|
issue 10 (390)
30-53
EN
In Poland, perpetual usufruct is a property right encumbering public land (state or local government land). This property right is established for a long period of time, generally for 99 years. This article concerns the termination agreement that may be concluded between the perpetual usufructuary and the state or local government as the owner of the land. The issues of concluding this agreement, its content and consequences raise serious doubts, which are discussed in this study.
2

Uwagi o pojęciu części składowej rzeczy

100%
Malicki A.
Rejent
|
2022
|
issue 10 (378)
63-81
EN
Elements of composite things, which have an independent role, are not separate things and constitute component parts of such things (according with 47 § 2 of the Civil Code). Of no small importance for the issue of the constituent part of a thing is Article 47 of the Civil Code, in which the legislator defined this term and defined the consequences of the qualification of an object as a constituent part of a thing. Legislator in special provisions specifies this term - either broadening it (e.g. in Article 50 of the Civil Code) or narrowing it (e.g. Article 49 of the Civil Code). The object of this publication is to determine the scope of the term of component part contained in Article 47 of the Civil Code. The considerations contained in the article include, inter alia, the issue of the material nature of a component part. This issue, though relevant for civil law transactions, seems to have not been so far the subject of interest either in literature or jurisprudence.
3

Sytuacja prawna wspólnot gruntowych w przeddzień wejścia w życie ustawy nowelizacyjnej

80%
Rudol K.
Studia Iuridica
|
2016
|
vol. 61
325-342
EN
Common lands (commons) are the relics of transformations that occurred in Poland during the 19th century as feudalism drew to an end, nevertheless some commons can be traced back more than 600 years. The essence of common land is the right of the residents of a given village to participate in the common land through the use of land constituting common land in accordance with its intended purpose. The only requirement of such participation is to possess a farm or a domicile, as defined in the statue. The management and administration of commons is regulated by the Common Lands Act (“Act”) dating back to 1963. The statue does not give a definition of common land, but enumerates conditions that agricultural, forest and water areas shall fulfil in order to be considered as the common land. The Act contains mechanisms intended to determine a legal or natural persons’ right to use a particular common, as well as its shares in particular common land. It also contains regulations relating to the development of commons, having to be made by the special partnerships, gathering all participants of the common land. Since the Common Lands Act was implemented, the political, social and economic situation in Poland has radically changed. Today, the Act is inadequate to properly address the current and future use of the commons. Thus, the legislator has made an attempt to change such a situation. The result of the actions taken is a bill to amend the Common Lands Act, developed on the basis of assumptions for the above-mentioned bill, adopted by the Council of Ministers on November 6, 2012. Once enacted, the proposed amendments are intended to implement a new set of rules to determine the legal status of the commons, as well as to determine legal title to such common lands. This article examines the legal situation of common lands on the eve of the Common Lands Act amendment as well as basically analyses the suggested changes in this legislation.
4
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Diritto cinese e cultura giuridica europea: "Nuove" prospettive per un diritto del business?

71%
Colorio A.
Studia Warmińskie
|
2013
|
issue 50
185-204
PL
W ostatnich latach prawo rzymskie przeżywa ogromny renesans w Chinach, w perspektywie, na pierwszy rzut oka paradoksalnej, możliwości dostosowania antycznego systemu prawnego do prawa współczesnego w obliczu wyzwań stawianych przez rozwój ekonomiczny. Również w redakcji ustawy o prawach rzeczowych z 2007 r., mającej prawdopodobnie większe znaczenie na obszarze prawa prywatnego, wpływ prawa rzymskie jest bardzo duży; np. m.in. zaczerpnięcie zasady numerus clausus praw rzeczowych, możliwość ustanowienia kilku zastawów hipotecznych i przepis o zaspokajaniu wierzycieli w kolejności zgodnej z chronologią rejestracji hipotek (prior tempore, potior iure). Zakładając, że obszar kulturowy, w którym rozwijało się prawo rzymskie, poddany był, przynajmniej w części, wpływom prawa greckiego i że, w gruncie rzeczy, pewne podstawy rzymskich zasad, jakkolwiek zinstytucjonalizowane w tym kontekście prawnym miały swoje początki w unormowaniach w swej istocie obowiązujących już w świecie greckim, w prezentowanym artykule przeważa pogląd, że w optyce zorientowanej na zysk ekonomiczny, grecka kultura prawna, równolegle z tą rzymską, może zainspirować współczesne Chiny do interpretacji i do analizy tworzonego w nich prawa, również de iure condendo.
EN
In the last years Roman Law has been experimenting with a new era of rediscovery in China. The (only apparently paradoxical) idea is that an ancient legal system might be used as a tool able to make a modern legal system adequate to face the most complex challenges of the economic development. The drafting itself of the (probably) most important law enacted in China in the field of private law in recent years, the Real Rights Law of 2007, shows a deep imprint of Roman Law: such an approach is exemplified, among others, by the adoption of the principle of the closed number (numerus clausus) of real rights, the possibility of multiple hypothecation and the specific modalities provided for the satisfaction of creditors depending on their order of registration (prior tempore, potior iure). Based on the premise that the cultural milieu in which Roman Law developed was at least partially influenced by Greek Law, and that, after all, specific fundamental principles of Roman Law, although institutionalized in such juridical context, find their origin in rules which had already existed in the Greek world, this paper supports the idea that, under a business perspective, Greek legal culture, besides the Roman one, may offer to China some interpretational and analytic cues, even de iure condendo, of great modernity.
DE
In den letzten Jahren hat das Römische Recht eine neue Wiedergeburt in China erlebt. Grund dafür ist der - nur vordergründig paradoxe - Versuch, ein antikes Rechtssystem anzuwenden, um das moderne Recht für die komplexesten Herausforderungen der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung tauglich zu machen. Auch bei der Abfassung der im Bereich des Privatrechts wahrscheinlich wichtigsten Rechtsnorm Chinas, des Gesetzes über das Sachenrecht aus dem Jahr 2007, ist die Prägung durch das Römische Recht klar erkennbar: man sieht dies zum Beispiel an der Einführung einer beschränkten Zahl dinglicher Rechte (Numerus-clausus-Prinzip), an der Möglichkeit einer Mehrfachhypothek, sowie an der Einführung des Prioritätsprinzips bei der Befriedigung der Gläubiger auf Basis der Rangordnung ihrer Registrierungen (prior tempore, potior iure). Vorausgeschickt, dass das kulturelle Umfeld, auf welchem sich das Römische Recht entwickelte, zumindest teilweise vom Griechischen Recht beeinflusst wurde, und dass im Grunde einige wesentliche Prinzipien des Römischen Rechts, obwohl erst in diesem Kontext institutionalisiert, ihren Ursprung aus bereits in der griechischen Welt gültigen Regeln ziehen, wird in diesem Artikel die Auffassung vertreten, dass – unter einem businessorientierten Gesichtspunkt – die griechische und römische Rechtskultur für China modernste interpretative und analytische Ansätze – auch de iure condendo – liefern kann.
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