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1

Przywileje w polskim systemie emerytalnym

100%

Kijewski K.

Zabezpieczenie Społeczne. Teoria, Prawo, Praktyka

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2012

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vol. I

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issue 1

45-51

EN

The following article is an analysis of the privileges of the Polish pension system. At the beginning, I try to find out the meaning of the privileges in the literature. Moreover, I make the definition of the privileges on my own. Then, I characterize the situation of some socio-professional groups in the Polish pension system. The article sums up my reflections on the legitimacy of the privileges in the pension system. At the end I conclude, that the specificity of social security requires separate pension systems.

PL

Poniższy tekst jest krótką analizą przywilejów w polskim systemie emerytalnym. W pierwszej części próbuję ustalić zakres pojęcia przywileju, odwołując się do jego ewolucji oraz współczesnych definicji prawnych i ekonomicznych. Efektem tego jest stworzenie autorskiej konstrukcji pojęcia przywileju w systemie emerytalnym. W dalszej części charakteryzuję, na czym polega szczególne uprzywilejowanie pewnych grup społeczno-zawodowych w polskim systemie emerytalnym. W podsumowaniu rozważam temat zasadności istnienia przywilejów w systemie emerytalnym, konstatując, iż specyfika zabezpieczenia społecznego wymaga istnienia odrębnych systemów emerytalnych.

2

Kontinuita farní správy jako problém náboženských dějin Čech a Moravy v předbělohorské době

88%

Hrdlička J., Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2023

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vol. 121

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issue 3

737-780

EN

One of the manifestations of multi-denominational coexistence in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Margraviate of Moravia between the Hussite Revolution and the year 1620 was the competition of individual confessions (apart from the Unity of Brethren) for the existing network of parishes as the fundamental unit of church administration. The study seeks an answer to the question of how the landed gentry tried to guarantee that the parishes on their estates, over which they held the right of patronage, would belong to their faith in the future, as was currently the case. It is mainly concentrated on localities owned by the nobility, who were the owners of the right of presentation (a patron’s right to propose a suitable person for a benefice to the ecclesiastical superiors) to approximately three-quarters of all parish churches.

3

The real and expected privileges of the Security Service collaborators recruited from academic milieu in the 1980s

88%

Franaszek P.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

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2016

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vol. 33

69-84

EN

Despite the elaborated techniques of electronic surveillance, personal sources of information still remain the best possible method of infiltrating a criminal milieu. Such methods gain special importance in totalitarian states. Collaborating with the Security Service almost always had some notable benefits. For some of the TWs, collaborating was an additional, sometimes quite substantial, source of income. One of repeating motives for collaboration was a will to improve one’s professional position or to easily obtain a permission to go abroad. There were also persons, who were impressed with having contacts with the Security Service functionaries. Almost all collaborators were using different forms of help from the part of the Security Service. Most of them would obtain real financial and material profits. The spectrum of favours offered to those helping the repressive state apparatus was very extensive.

4

Employee privileges in the Polish tobacco industry in a period of Polish People’s Republic

88%

Synowiec A.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

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2016

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vol. 33

85-106

EN

Described privileges of determined employee groups in the Polish tobacco industry in a period of Polish People’s Republic on example of Kraków plants arose largely from the statute law, although not without meaning carried out its interpretation, by workers self-management and Company’s Dispute Adjudication Boards (CDAB). It was possible to notice the sign of appropriating privileges by determined employees groups not-arising from the existing law, but being a sign of aspirations to ensure a higher position for oneself in the unit through certain acquaintances and in consequence achieving common benefits, etc. informally. The article constitutes only a starting point for further in-depth studies covering employee issues in all tobacco industry in Poland.

5

Social Guarantees in the Case of Employees’ Dismissal in Russia Comparative Legal Aspects of Russian and Foreign Labor Law

75%

Zavgorodniy A.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2017

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vol. 7

159-173

EN

The main purpose of the article is to identify the contradictions and problems arising when both international labor standards and Russian labor law are applied and separate guarantees to workers are provided in the case of their dismissal. The object of the research is the employment relationship which arises between the employer and the employee when social guarantees are given to the workers when the employment relations are terminated. This article considers the regulations of Russian and foreign labor law which provide workers with certain guarantees if the employment contract is terminated at the initiative of the employer. For the first time, these guarantees are considered from a comparative legal perspective. Specific recommendations about improvement of the Russian labor law and its enforcement.

6

Considerations regarding the Morlachs migrations from Dalmatia to Istria and the Venetian settlement policy during the 16th century

65%

Caciur D.

Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 1

57-71

PL

The Turkish offensive in the Balkans often determined various human groups to search for a new life outside the borders of the Ottoman Empire. In the Dalmatian hinterland, administrated by Venice since the beginning of 16th century, the Morlachs are those who, together with Serbs, Croatians, Bosnians, etc. chose to accept the Venetian protection against the non-Christian danger. On its side, St. Mark′s Republic needed more and more new people to repopulate various regions that had hardly been affected by wars, plagues and drought. During the 16th century Serenissima established the rules of internal migrations (from one region to another of Stato da Mar) and its settlement policy for the poorly inhabited areas and their new colonists. The encouragement and the development of the population transfer from Dalmatia to Istria represented an aspect of the Venetian policy in balancing the demography of the state. Arrived from the inner Balkans, the Morlachs accepted quite often to settle in south – western Istria, because the benefits and the exemptions offered by the Republic were not to be ignored: exemptions from fees for using public pasturelands, the right to build settlements in empty spaces, exemptions from fees for transport or reductions from some of the administrative taxes. Even if these benefits were temporary or permanent, they used to increase the number of Morlach migrations from Dalmatia in Istria. In effect, as the documents attest, during the 16th century plenty of Morlach settlements appeared in the hinterland of the Istrian cities, like: Rovigno, Umago, Pinguente, Montona, Cittanova, Villanova, Raspo, Parenzo etc. Despite the fact that sometimes the Morlachs chose to leave the new settlements and turn back in Turchia, the numerous settlements colonized and inhabited by them justify, up to some extent, the existence of an Istrian Morlacchia.

EN

The Turkish offensive in the Balkans often determined various human groups to search for a new life outside the borders of the Ottoman Empire. In the Dalmatian hinterland, administrated by Venice since the beginning of 16th century, the Morlachs are those who, together with Serbs, Croatians, Bosnians, etc. chose to accept the Venetian protection against the non-Christian danger. On its side, St. Mark′s Republic needed more and more new people to repopulate various regions that had hardly been affected by wars, plagues and drought. During the 16th century Serenissima established the rules of internal migrations (from one region to another of Stato da Mar) and its settlement policy for the poorly inhabited areas and their new colonists. The encouragement and the development of the population transfer from Dalmatia to Istria represented an aspect of the Venetian policy in balancing the demography of the state. Arrived from the inner Balkans, the Morlachs accepted quite often to settle in south – western Istria, because the benefits and the exemptions offered by the Republic were not to be ignored: exemptions from fees for using public pasturelands, the right to build settlements in empty spaces, exemptions from fees for transport or reductions from some of the administrative taxes. Even if these benefits were temporary or permanent, they used to increase the number of Morlach migrations from Dalmatia in Istria. In effect, as the documents attest, during the 16th century plenty of Morlach settlements appeared in the hinterland of the Istrian cities, like: Rovigno, Umago, Pinguente, Montona, Cittanova, Villanova, Raspo, Parenzo etc. Despite the fact that sometimes the Morlachs chose to leave the new settlements and turn back in Turchia, the numerous settlements colonized and inhabited by them justify, up to some extent, the existence of an Istrian Morlacchia.

7

Przywileje żarskich cechów tkaczy płótna lnianego oraz sukienników nadane przez Baltazara Erdmanna oraz Erdmanna II z dynastii Promnitzów.

63%

Sochacka I., Partyka P.

Studia Zachodnie

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2014

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vol. 16

203 - 222

8

Social Insurance for Farmers in Poland and Lithuania – a Comparative Analysis

51%

Miceikiene A., Walczak D., Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka S.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

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2019

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vol. 22

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issue 1

17-32

PL

Celem artykułu było przedstawienie ubezpieczenia społecznego rolników w Polsce i na Litwie. W pracy wykorzystano następujące metody badawcze: metoda opisowa, analiza literaturowa, analiza statystyczna oraz ekonomiczna analiza prawa. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że w obu krajach występuje odmienny model ubezpieczeń społecznych dla rolników. Wynika to nie tylko z decyzji politycznych, ale zapewne i z innych uwarunkowań wpływających na rolnictwo w tych krajach. Podkreślenia wymaga fakt, że w Polsce ubezpieczenia te są dotowane w wysokości około 90%, gdy tymczasem na Litwie system jest samowystarczalny.

EN

The aim of the article is to present the social insurance of farmers in Poland and Lithuania. In the study, the following research methods were used: the descriptive method, a literature review, statistical analysis, and an economic analysis of the law. On the basis of the study results, it was concluded that both countries have a different model of social insurance for farmers. This results from political decisions, but also from other aspects which have an impact on agriculture in those countries. It needs to be stressed that in Poland this type of insurance is about 90% subsidized, whereas in Lithuania this system is self‑sustaining.

9

Słów kilka o przywilejach Karaimów na ziemiach polskich

51%

Akartel G. M.

Iudaica Russica

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2020

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issue 1(4)

88-101

RU

Согласно историческим данным, караимы, как этническая группа и как религиозная община, обосновались в Королевстве Польском и Великомc княжестве Литовском при великом князе Витовте (Витольде). По своей ли воле или принуждению, караимы стали поселяться, в первую очередь в Тракае, а затем Вильнюсе, Галиче и др. местах, о чем свидетельствуют, в частности, признание им привилегий и их продление последующими литовскими князьями, польскими королями и российскими императо- их продление последующими литовскими князьями, польскими королями и российскими императо- их продление последующими литовскими князьями, польскими королями и российскими императорами. Караимы никогда не представляли собой многочисленного этноса, как на территории Великого княжества Литовского и Королевства Польского, так и, после разделов Речи Посполитой, в западных областях Российской Империи, тем более, что число их в XVIII в. сократилось (восстание гайдамаков, а затем и вследствие чумы). Помимо проблемы караимов в статье уделено также внимание (сопоставительно) правовым, и не только, ограничениям для более многочисленного еврейского населения.

EN

According to historical data, Karaites, as an ethnic group and as a religious community, settled in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under the Grand Duke Vytautas. Of their own free will or compulsion, the Karaites began to settle, first of all in Trakai, and then Vilnius, Galich and other places, as evidenced, in particular, by the recognition of privileges and their extension by subsequent Lithuanian princes, Polish kings and Russian emperors. Karaites never constituted a large ethnic group, both in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, and, after the partition of the Polish Commonwealth. In the western regions of the Russian Empire, especially since their number was in the 18th century, declined (the rebellion of the Haidamakas, and then due to the plague). In addition to the problem of Karaites, the article also pays attention to the (comparatively) legal, and not only, restrictions for the larger Jewish population.

10

Bartnictwo a uprzywilejowanie ludności w puszczach północnego Mazowsza (XIII–XVIII wiek)

51%

Kuciński A.

Studia Podlaskie

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2017

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vol. 25

PL

Praca przedstawia wpływ bartnictwa na uprzywilejowanie ludzi zamieszkujących puszczę królewską na północnym Mazowszu od XIII do XVIII w. Podkreśla ważną rolę produkcji miodu w gospodarce leśnej na podstawie statutów książęcych, przepisów prawa bartnego, przywilejów oraz ksiąg bartnych.

EN

The article presents the impact of beekeeping on the privileges of royal forests residents in northern Mazovia from the 13th to 18th century. It emphasizes an important role of honey production in forest management based on Duke Statutes, provisions of beekeeping law, privileges and beekeeping books.

11

Van privileges tot republiek: Evolutie van de taal van de Opstand. Een woordenboek / From the Privileges to the Republic: the Evolution of the Language of the Dutch Revolt. A Dictionary

45%

Szmytka R.

Werkwinkel

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 2

103-114

EN

The second half of the 16th century is regarded as the decisive moment in the history of the Low Countries. The politics of religious intolerance and financial oppression practiced by the Habsburg governors resulted in protests and, finally, in the open revolt of the Provinces under the leadership of the princes of Orange and Nassau. The aim of this work is to follow and reconstruct the ideas of political thought accompanying the events leading to the rise of a new state. In the dicussed state forming process the main emphasis was put on the issues of freedom, states, and sovereignty, as well as on the concept of the possibility of dismissing the obedience inherited from the medieval privileges. These concepts and terms created a special sort of dictionary of the Dutch political thought.

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Przywileje w polskim systemie emerytalnym

Kontinuita farní správy jako problém náboženských dějin Čech a Moravy v předbělohorské době

The real and expected privileges of the Security Service collaborators recruited from academic milieu in the 1980s

Employee privileges in the Polish tobacco industry in a period of Polish People’s Republic

Social Guarantees in the Case of Employees’ Dismissal in Russia Comparative Legal Aspects of Russian and Foreign Labor Law

Considerations regarding the Morlachs migrations from Dalmatia to Istria and the Venetian settlement policy during the 16th century

Przywileje żarskich cechów tkaczy płótna lnianego oraz sukienników nadane przez Baltazara Erdmanna oraz Erdmanna II z dynastii Promnitzów.

Social Insurance for Farmers in Poland and Lithuania – a Comparative Analysis

Słów kilka o przywilejach Karaimów na ziemiach polskich

Bartnictwo a uprzywilejowanie ludności w puszczach północnego Mazowsza (XIII–XVIII wiek)

Van privileges tot republiek: Evolutie van de taal van de Opstand. Een woordenboek / From the Privileges to the Republic: the Evolution of the Language of the Dutch Revolt. A Dictionary