Search results - CEJSH

1

Productivity Changes in the European Union: Structural and Competitive Aspects

100%

Batóg J., Batóg B.

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

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2007

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vol. 6

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issue 1

63-74

EN

There are many factors influencing the level and changes of the labour productivity. One of the useful methods of identifying these factors is shift-share approach. It makes it possible to determine if the sectoral structure or the level of competitiveness of the economy affects the dynamics and differentiation of labour productivity. The research concerned countries of the European Union, covered the period of 1999-2006 and was conducted for six main economic sectors. All examined countries were characterized by constant growth of labour productivity which was mainly caused by the increasing productivity in market financial services. The basic reason of productivity diversification was a country's competitiveness. The positive relation between sectoral structure and regional component also occurred.

2

Productivity vs. Lexicalization: Frequency-Based Hypotheses on Word-Formation

80%

Fernández-Domínguez J.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2010

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vol. 46

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issue 2

193-219

EN

This article looks at morphological productivity and lexicalization. Productivity, first, bears a significant relationship with frequency because both seem to be subtly interlinked through low-frequency items. Much the same happens between lexicalization and frequency, although their association must be seen from a different angle because lexicalized words tend to have greater frequencies than non-lexicalized words. The novelty of this paper is that it provides a link between the above two notions and corpus-based frequency figures, and then operates a formula (π) on two sets of units, some lexicalized, some synchronically analysable. The two subcorpora confirm a correct function of π to tell between words which tend to be used by means of word-formation vs. words which already exist in the individual's lexicon.

3

The competitiveness landscape in Central and Eastern Europe

80%

Myszkowska M.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2015

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issue 4 (8)

9-19

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the competitiveness landscape of 10 Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria; the Czech Republic; Estonia; Hungary; Latvia; Lithuania; Poland; Romania; the Slovak Republic and Slovenia (CEE). The analysis covers various interrelated competitiveness factors; including enterprise environment; education; labour market and employment; innovation; technological progress thus allowing one to identify various aspects of competitiveness and provide insights into what drives the productivity and prosperity in these countries. The performance level of each of the CEE country is compared with others from that group; additionally a comparison is made with other European regions; some advanced economies and large emerging economies. The paper analyses and measures the competitiveness of the CEE; the extent to which progress is made in terms of achieving the competitiveness goals; and points out the key reforms and investments that implementation CEE countries should consider in order to tackle the existing challenges and close the competitiveness gap between other EU countries as well as other more advanced. This could serve as a starting point for defining a widely supported competitiveness agenda aiming at a long-term and stable economic and social progress throughout the CEE region.

4

“Directionality and productivity of backderivation as a synchronic and diachronic process: dictionary and corpus analysis”.

80%

Wlaźlak G.

Acta Neophilologica

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2022

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vol. 1

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issue XXIV

111-122

PL

Back-derivation is an example of a non-affixative word-forming process in which an affix is removed to create a semantically corresponding verb [Bauer, Lieber, Plague 2013, 280]. This common phenomenon in English mostly occurs in the area of lexis borrowed from classical languages. The author focuses on directionality as a diachronic problem, and productivity of the process in a synchronic perspective. In order to trace the phenomenon of directionality, material from the source languages is collected chronologically. As for the phenomenon of productivity, quantitative analysis is based on attestations in text corpora and dictionaries. The author examines occurrences of this mechanism and its influence with respect to the creation of similar forms in scientific and specialist language.

EN

Backderivation is an example of a non-affixative word-forming process in which an affix is removed to create a semantically corresponding verb (Bauer, Lieber, Plague 2013: 280). This common phenomenon in English mostly occurs in the area of lexis borrowed from classical languages. The author focuses on directionality as a diachronic problem, and productivity of the process in a synchronic perspective. In order to trace the phenomenon of directionality, material from the source languages is collected chronologically. As for the phenomenon of productivity, quantitative analysis bases on attestations in text corpora and dictionaries. The author examines occurrences of this mechanism and its influence on the creation of similar forms in scientific and specialist language.

5

The Egnatia Motorway and The Changes in Interregional Trade in Greece: An Ex Ante Assessment

80%

Polyzos S., Department of Planning and Regional Development S. o. E.

European Spatial Research and Policy

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2009

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vol. 16

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issue 2

EN

The Egnatia Motorway, located in the northern part of Greece, constitutes one of the most important, as well as ambitious, projects of the Trans-European Transport Networks programme (TETN) funded by the European Commission. It is expected to greatly influence the spatial economic relationships of several regions across the country. The motorway crosses all administrative regions of Northern Greece, and the expectations currently sustained by the public as regards its contribution to regional development are exceptionally great. As numerous empirical studies have already shown, the most important changes in regional economy induced by interregional transportation infrastructure are associated with trade flows between different regions. This paper analyses the major determinants of interregional trade in Greece and estimates the changes in interregional trade flows which the construction of the Egnatia Motorway is capable of generating.

6

Zmiany struktury zatrudnienia i produktywności a wynagrodzenia w przekroju regionalnym w latach 2005–2010

80%

Zieliński M., Jonek-Kowalska I.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2012

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issue 2(28)

41-48

EN

The paper concerns changes taking place on regional labor markets in Poland in the years 2005–2010. The most important factor affecting the labor market was the accession of Poland to the European Union in this period, as it evoked the need for adjustments of a structural character. The statistical analysis presented in the paper is based on the data published by GUS (Central Statistical Office) in the Statistical Yearbooks of Regions and includes: changes of the employment sector level and structure and changes of the work productivity and wages level. The basic hypotheses were the statements that in the analyzed period there was an improvement in the employment structure according to sectors, differences in wages between the regions decreased and there was a relation between work productivity and wages. On the basis of the statistical data concerning the period 2005–2010 it was determined that, among the research hypotheses stated, only the third may be considered fully confirmed. Most of the data questions the hypothesis about the decrease of regional differences in the situation on the labor market. The changes of employment structure were only beneficial in terms of the fall in the share of employment in the second sector (heavy industry and construction) as well as the growth in employment in the third sector (services). The period of five years of 2005–2010 also brought increase, although contrary to the expected long-term tendencies, in the share of employment in the first sector.

7

Od handlu między państwami do handlu na poziomie przedsiębiorstw

80%

Serwach T.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2011

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vol. 246

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issue 3

47-65

EN

The article focuses on the latest trends in the theory of international trade, which, according to the author, are relatively little known in Poland. Serwach sets out to show that the theoretical analysis of trade has evolved over the years toward purely microeconomic considerations. Referring to specific research reports, the paper describes the main directions of theoretical research today: a new theory of trade that takes into account the diversification of companies, a theory of trade conducted by multiproduct companies, and the so-called incomplete contract theory. Serwach shows that these new trends overlap and complement previously existing theories. The overview of the latest theories of international trade presented in the article prompts several conclusions. One of these is that many theoreticians focus on the relationship between a company’s productivity and its decision to go international with its business. The trends discussed in the article involve the problem of the significant role of fixed costs in shaping trade flows, the author says. Although the latest ideas make it possible to offer a theoretical explanation of many empirical phenomena in the trade of goods, Serwach says, these concepts have some limitations. These include the lack of in-depth modeling of demand and a tendency to ignore strategic interactions between firms.

8

Zmiany jakości wykorzystywanych zasobów pracy w Polsce

80%

Kolasa M., Strzelecki P.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2007

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vol. 220

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issue 11-12

35-53

EN

The paper aims to quantify changes in the quality of Poland’s working population in 1993-2006. An important drawback of standard measures of labor input, such as the number of people employed or total hours worked, is that they treat the labor force as a homogenous entity. The starting point for calculating effective labor input in this paper is to loosen this assumption by disaggregating employment into groups within which the homogeneity assumption would be more valid. The subsequent aggregation explicitly takes into account the diversity of the marginal product of labor between the groups, using the average wage as a proxy. The empirical analysis is based on microeconomic data from a labor force survey. Education, age and sex were considered as important criteria in accounting for the heterogeneity of labor productivity. The analysis shows that labor input quality in Poland grew in 1993-2006 at an annual average rate of 0.9 percent, adding 0.6 percentage points to the average annual GDP growth rate. The main factor behind the improved quality of labor was an improvement in the educational structure of the working population.

9

Egzogeniczność mierników szoków technologicznych na przykładzie Polski w latach 2005-2009

80%

Truskolaski S.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2010

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vol. 240

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issue 5-6

61-72

EN

The paper describes methods for measuring technology shocks and compares various indirect measures of technology shocks, including the so-called Solow residual and its modifications. Apart from the conventional Solow residual, the author uses modified indicators to illustrate changes in factors of production; he approximates productivity by analyzing electricity consumption (capital) and the number of hours worked and work accidents (labor). The main criterion used by the author to check if a technology shock measure is correct is its autonomy (exogeneity) from non-technology shocks that may occur in the economy, such as monetary shocks, fiscal shocks or external shocks. Truskolaski uses the Granger causality test to determine if each version of the residual is independent from non-technology shock variables. The test was conducted for 12 industries making up Poland’s manufacturing sector in 2005-2009. The conventional residual is independent from non-technology shocks in low-tech sectors, Truskolaski says. In high- and medium-high-tech sectors, on the other hand, corrections linked with the variable use of factors of production are far more important, according to the author. In terms of independence from non-technology shocks, the best measure is a residual used to estimate changes in both factors of production, capital and labor, Truskolaski concludes.

10

Konwergencja warunkowa w krajach transformacji

80%

Rogut A., Roszkowska S.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2006

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vol. 210

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issue 9

35-55

EN

The authors set out to determine if the convergence theory passes the test in 25 transition economies. On the basis of statistical data for the years 1991-2004, using an econometric model, they analyze the influence of GDP per employee on the growth of labor productivity. They also consider other factors with an influence on sustainable economic growth. Considering the significant heterogeneity of the analyzed economies in terms of market reforms and institutional conditions, the authors divided the sample into three relatively homogenous groups: 10 new European Union member states excluding Cyprus and Malta; 12 CIS countries; and five Southern and Eastern European economies. The authors evaluated conditional convergence in individual groups of economies, concluding that economies with lower GDP per employee at the start of transition were characterized by a higher rate of growth for most of the analyzed period. GDP per employee primarily depended on investment in physical and human capital, the share of government spending in GDP and inflation. Moreover, the analysis showed that convergence processes in individual countries led to converging long-term economic growth rates, which were positive rather than neutral, contrary to the classic convergence theory.

11

Work Productivity in the Croatian Hotel Industry - Fundamentals and Concepts for Achieving Growth and Competitiveness

80%

Holjevac I.

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

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2010

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vol. 5

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issue 1

85-90

EN

Productivity and product and service quality are the foundations upon which an economy builds its competitiveness, effectiveness and efficiency. Research focuses on the specific characteristics of productivity and the quality of hotel products and services in the case of the Croatian hotel industry. The objective of research is to identify and propose measures to increase productivity and improve the quality of the Croatian hotel industry, and in this way, enhance its competitiveness on the world tourism market.The task of this research is to provide a theoretical definition of the relationship between productivity, quality and competitiveness; analyses and assess long-term trends in productivity in Croatia's entire hotel industry; assess the quality of hotel offerings; analyze and assess productivity in the case of a large Croatian company; and finally, put forward measures to increase the productivity and competitiveness of the Croatian hotel industry.

12

A definition of the concept of economic effectiveness

80%

Poskart R.

Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)

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2014

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vol. 2

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issue 3

179-187

EN

The concept of economic effectiveness has often been interpreted in an ambiguous manner. There is no clear definition of it in the literature. Individual authors place stress on different elements of this concept. There are also different measures of effectiveness. This article aims to make the concept of economic effectiveness more precise

13

The Regional Heterogeneity of Productivity Determinants: Evidence from Ukrainian Firms

80%

Cieślik A., Michałek J. J., Nasadiuk I.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2017

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vol. 21

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issue 1

44-50

EN

This paper studies the determinants of the total factor productivity (TFP) for Ukrainian firms in the manufacturing sector across macro-regions using recent micro-level datasets for 2013. Our empirical results show some degree of heterogeneity across Ukrainian macro-regions; in particular, the link between the total factor productivity, firm size, imports and the level of competition seems to be valid for all macro regions. However, the effects of private ownership status, capital intensity and exports seems to be region specific. In addition, we found no relationship between firm productivity and foreign ownership for any of the regions.

14

Productivity and Competitiveness of the Agricultural Sector in Poland

80%

Rodzinka J., Skica T., Pomianek T.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2021

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vol. 14

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issue 24

139-159

FR

Cet article vise à évaluer la productivité et la compétitivité du secteur agricole en Pologne. Les données utilisées dans l’article ont été fournies par le Réseau de données comptables agricoles polonais et l’Office central des statistiques, ce qui en fait une source d’information représentative et fiable sur l’agriculture en Pologne. Des études ont montré que le secteur agricole en Pologne est caractérisé par une faible productivité, en particulier des petites et moyennes exploitations agricoles qui existent en Pologne, ainsi que par une faible compétitivité interne mesurée par la part du secteur agricole national dans la production du PIB.Des études ont montré, d’autre part, que la situation du secteur est relativement favorable en termes de compétitivité externe, représentée par sa part dans les exportations.

EN

This article attempts to assess the productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Poland. The data used in the article were provided by Polish FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) and the Central Statistical Office, which makes them a representative and reliable source of information on agriculture in Poland. Studies have shown that the agricultural sector in Poland is characterised by low productivity, especially of small and medium-sized farms prevailing in Poland, as well as low internal competitiveness measured by the share of the national agricultural sector in generating GDP. Studies have shown, on the other hand, that the situation of the sector is relatively well presented in terms of the external competitiveness represented by its share in exports.

15

The Agricultural Reform of 1981 and the Competition for Resources Between Peasant Farms and State-Owned Farms in the 1980s

80%

Grala D. T.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

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2020

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vol. 38

100-129

EN

In the economy of the Polish People’s Republic in the field of agriculture, the key resources which were a subject of competition included: land; production assets (machines, devices, tools for agricultural production, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals) and people necessary to work on farms and for farms. The command economy of the times of the People’s Republic of Poland was an example of an economy of permanent shortages, which increased in times of crises of the entire system. The collapse of 1979-1982 was such a socio-economic crisis. The Trade Union of Independent Farmers’ “Solidarity”, which was part of the great social protest movement in 1980-1981, forced a change in the communist regime’s approach to the peasantry and, together with other pressure groups, contributed to the implementation of the agricultural reform covering the entire sphere of agriculture and not only its state farm segment. The reform of 1981, initiated by the Rzeszów-Ustrzyki agreements, gradually changed the living situation of farmers and, above all, led to changes in the profitability of agricultural production and the legalization of trade in meat products at marketplaces as well as the release of prices for food products in 1989. Peasant farms won the competition with state-owned farms for capital resources – new production factors, and they expanded their land acreage (land factor). Farmers, however, were losing competition for workers in confrontation with industry and services in cities and state-owned farms, where farm workers could count on very generous social benefits.

16

An Analysis of the Labour Productivity of the Agricultural Sector in the Republic of Serbia / Analiza Produktivnosti Rada Sektora Poljoprivrede Republike Srbije

80%

Stanojević J., Krstić B., Đekić S.

Economic Themes

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2015

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vol. 53

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issue 4

467-482

EN

One of the main objectives pursued in agriculture as the primary sector in the economy is to increase the labour productivity. In order for this objective to be achieved, it is necessary to increase agricultural production, while at the same time preserve natural resources and the environment. If the creators of development policies are to formulate effective policies and strategies, adequate information relating to all vital determinants of productivity of agriculture is required. Therefore, the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia annually prepares and publishes, among others, information on the value of agricultural production and the number of employees in agriculture. The aim of this paper is to examine the changes in the level of productivity of agriculture in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2007 to 2013. It also analyses the impact of labour productivity in agriculture in the share of GDP that is realized in this sector of the national economy. Agricultural population, as one of the factors that affect productivity in agriculture is analysed in terms of education and employment. The aim is to quantify the level of productivity in agriculture, as well as to examine the interdependence between labour productivity and GDP in agriculture, in order to point to the critical determinants of productivity that require improvement. The methods used in this paper are: analysis method, synthesis method, comparison method, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Research results show that Serbia has achieved an unenviable level of labour productivity in agriculture within the analysed period of time. Research in this study is useful for the creators and holders of the development policy for the future guidance of development policies and strategies of the agricultural sector in Serbia.

17

The dimensions of national competitiveness: The empirical analysis based on The World Economic Forum’s data

80%

Adamkiewicz H. G.

Economics and Business Review

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2019

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vol. 5 (19)

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issue 3

EN

The aim of this research is to determine the minimum number of uncorrelated dimensions which can describe national competitiveness (NC). NC is thought of as the ability of a nation to provide a conducive environment for its firms to prosper. It is shown that the environment affects national productivity catalytically through the interactions with the production factors while itself remaining unchanged. Selected World Economic Forum’s indicators are used for determining the components of the environment. The Principal Component Analysis has revealed three orthogonal dimensions of NC. Countries are represented by the points in the three-dimensional space. The weighted Euclidean distance from the origin to the ith point is proposed as a novel measure of the ith country’s level of NC.

18

The Functions and Problems of China’s State-Owned Economy

80%

Jia W.-x.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2020

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issue 3 (49)

9-29

EN

At the national symposium on the reform of state-owned enterprises, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave important instructions that state-owned enterprises are important forces in strengthening the country’s overall strength and safeguarding the common interests of the people. Therefore, the country must make state-owned enterprises „stronger, better, and bigger”. Huge objections arose in the academic field. This article thoroughly analyzes China’s state-owned economy from the perspective of Marx’s historical materialism, national productivity, and social development, and clarifies the historical status and role of China’s state-owned economy. At the same time, this article comprehensively analyzes the economic significance of making state-owned enterprises „stronger, better, and bigger” from the perspective of total factor productivity, and proposes that since the state-owned economy is backed up by the state, investing in technology research and development has its advantages. However, because the state-owned economy is biased toward administrative instructions, it often lacks efficiency, so if the state-owned economy wants to become „stronger, better, and bigger”, it must undergo reforms in terms of management efficiency.

19

Logistics Engineering to Improve the Productivity Indicators

80%

Michlowicz E., Smolińska K., Zwolińska B.

Logistics and Transport

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2016

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vol. 30

7-14

EN

In the systemic approach, a production company is a complex system of objects and relations between the objects, as well as between the system and its surroundings. The large number of variables and company performance assessment indicators result in the constant search for the methods of formalising the mutual dependencies. The discipline which, through the integration of multiple processes, enables the discovery of practical solutions is logistics engineering. In Poland, the term is not very common, while in the USA (for example), logistics engineering – taking advantage of mathematical methods and cutting edge science, is a widely used tool supporting the everyday business activities of companies. The article describes primary tasks of logistics engineering in relation to production companies. Furthermore, original algorithms for the improvements of company productivity are presented.

20

Segmentability and Transparency in English Latinate Prefixation

80%

Haładewicz-Grzelak M.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2015

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vol. 4

51-63

EN

English suffixes have been the object of sustained inquiry across most phonological schools and paradigms, e.g. Chomsky‒Halle’s SPE, Lexical Phonology, Distributed Phonology (see, e.g. Booij 2005; Scheer 2011; Chornogor 2007; Rakić 2007; Carr 1993, for overviews and a sample discussion). In the current article I assume a ‘panchronic’ view (cf. Pociechina 2009) of selected issues implicated in English Latinate prefixation ({con-} and {ex-}) and I propose interpreting the apparent contrarieties in their productivity and phonological behavior as a canonical case of segmentability (cf. Bynon [1977] 1996; Nagano 2007).

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