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Harsh discipline and readiness for interpersonal aggression in Poland and the USA: the mediating role of sensitivity to provocations and frustrations

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Dominiak-Kochanek M., Konopka K., Bower-Russa M., Frączek A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 4
543-554
EN
This study examined the effect of history of harsh parenting on readiness for aggression in young adults testing the mediating effect of emotional reaction to frustration and provocation that is assumed to arise in the context of a history of physical punishment and psychological aggression. Data were collected from 402 participants including 187 Poles (Mage = 9.5; SD = 1.2) and 215 Americans (Mage = 19.16, SD = 1.15). Participants reported retrospectively on corporal punishment and psychological aggression experienced during childhood. Based on self-report instruments, sensitivity to provocation and frustration and three patterns of readiness for aggression in adulthood were assessed. Contrary to the US sample, sensitivity to provocation and frustration were mediators in the Polish sample alone. The important role of contextual factors that define harsh parenting circumstances, such as cultural context and sex of the parent, are discussed.
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Educational experiences from childhood as predictors of a trait, expression, and control of anger among young women

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Dominiak-Kochanek M., Konopka K.
Psychologia Wychowawcza
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2018
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vol. 56(14)
173-191
EN
The aim of the research was to examine whether and to what extent educational methods experienced in childhood are connected with a trait, expression and control of anger among adult women. The study took into account physical punishment, punitive methods and psychological aggression as three distinguished educational methods, which can influence an intensity of anger in adulthood. There were 243 participants (all female) aged between 19 and 32 years old (M = 20,81, SD = 1,77). The participants assessed to what degree their parents used the abovementioned three educational methods and they also described how often they experience anger, its expression inside and outside, and a level of control of an inner and outer anger. The analysis revealed, that in a retrospective assessment of educational methods, the participants most often experienced psychological aggression from their parents, which is a conscious bringing of a sense of guilt, embarrassment, and communication of a conditional love. This educational method also turned out to be key when it comes to the intensity of the trait of anger and its inside and outside expression. Contrary to what was expected, there were no statistically significant correlations between physical punishment and the aspects of anger looked at. The study’s results are discussed in the context of a generic emotion socialization and negative psychological consequences of using psychological aggression in child upbringing.
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Rodzinne uwarunkowania cechy, ekspresji i kontroli złości wśród młodych kobiet

72%
Monika D.-K., Karolina K.
Psychologia Wychowawcza
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2018
|
issue 56(14)
173-191
EN
The aim of the research was to examine whether and to what extent educational methods experienced in childhood are connected with a trait, expression and control of anger among adult women. The study took into account physical punishment, punitive methods and psychological aggression as three distinguished educational methods, which can influence an intensity of anger in adulthood. There were 243 participants (all female) aged between 19 and 32 years old (M = 20,81, SD = 1,77). The participants assessed to what degree their parents used the abovementioned three educational methods and they also described how often they experience anger, its expression inside and outside, and a level of control of an inner and outer anger. The analysis revealed, that in a retrospective assessment of educational methods, the participants most often experienced psychological aggression from their parents, which is a conscious bringing of a sense of guilt, embarrassment, and communication of a conditional love. This educational method also turned out to be key when it comes to the intensity of the trait of anger and its inside and outside expression. Contrary to what was expected, there were no statistically significant correlations between physical punishment and the aspects of anger looked at. The study’s results are discussed in the context of a generic emotion socialization and negative psychological consequences of using psychological aggression in child upbringing.
PL
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ustalenie, czy i w jakim stopniu metody wychowawcze doświadczane w dzieciństwie wiążą się z cechą, ekspresją i kontrolą złości u dorosłych kobiet. W badaniu uwzględniono karanie fizyczne, metody punitywne oraz agresję psychologiczną jako trzy odmienne metody wychowawcze, które mogą mieć wkład w natężenie różnych aspektów złości w życiu dorosłym. W badaniu udział wzięły 243 kobiety w wieku od 19. do 32. roku życia (M = 20,81, SD = 1,77). Badane oceniały, w jakim stopniu ich rodzice stosowali wobec nich trzy wyszczególnione metody wychowawcze oraz określały częstość doświadczania złości, jej ekspresji na zewnątrz i do wewnątrz oraz stopień kontroli zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej ekspresji złości. Analizy ujawniły, że w retrospektywnej ocenie metod wychowawczych, badane kobiety najczęściej doświadczały od rodziców agresji psychologicznej, to jest celowo wywoływanego poczucia winy, wstydu oraz komunikowania warunkowej miłości. Ta metoda wychowawcza okazała się również kluczową, jeśli chodzi o natężenie cechy złości oraz jej zewnętrzną i wewnętrzną ekspresję. Wbrew oczekiwaniom nie odnotowano istotnych statystycznie związków pomiędzy karaniem fizycznym a uwzględnionymi aspektami złości. Wyniki badania są dyskutowane w kontekście rodzajowej socjalizacji emocji oraz negatywnych konsekwencji psychologicznych stosowania agresji psychologicznej w wychowaniu dziecka.
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