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EN
The increase in socio-pathological phenomena in adults in Slovakia during the transformation period manifested itself also in the increase in problem behaviour in children and youth thus creating a social need for increased effectiveness of prevention and its professionalisation in schools. In the current school practice, pupils’ aggressive behaviour, even against teachers, is not sporadic. Despite the severity of this problem it is paid little attention.
EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of prospective differences in factors of verbal and figural creativity, like fluency, flexibility and elaboration, between pupils who read books in their free time and those who do not read. The next aim was to determine the extent of influence of reading in free time on verbal and figural creativity. Totally 169 pupils from elementary schools participated in this research. Number of those who read in their free time was 63 (37,28%). In the group there were totally 89 (52,66%) boys and 80 (47,33%) girls. Participants ranged in age from 10 to 15 years (M= 13,08; SD= 0,82). Data were collected with using Torrance Test of Creative Thinking – figural part and some adapted tasks from tests of verbal creativity from Guilford and Torrance. The results show that there are significant differences between readers and non-readers in verbal and figural creativity. Differences were also demonstrated in the most factors of creativity, the only exception was figural fluency. Further analysis of data showed more significant influence of reading on score in verbal than in figural creativity, where the influence is negligible.
SK
V rámci tohoto výskumu bola pozornosť venovaná zisťovaniu rozdielov vo faktoroch verbálnej a neverbálnej tvorivosti, ktorými sú fluencia, flexibilita a elaborácia medzi čítajúcimi adolescentmi a ich rovesníkmi, ktorí sa tejto aktivite nevenujú, ako aj vplyvu čítania na verbálnu a neverbálnu tvorivosť. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 169 respondentov z druhého stupňa základných škôl, z čoho čitateľov bolo 63 (37,28 %). Chlapcov bolo 89 (52,66 %) a dievčat 80 (47,33 %). Vek respondentov sa pohyboval v rozmedzí 10 až 15 rokov (M= 13,08; SD= 0,82). Dáta boli zozbierané prostredníctvom Torranceho figurálneho testu tvorivého myslenia a upravených testov Guilforda a Torranceho určených na meranie verbálnej tvorivosti. Výsledky poukazujú na to, že medzi čítajúcimi a nečítajúcimi žiakmi sa nachádzajú signifikantné rozdiely vo faktoroch verbálnej a neverbálnej tvorivosti, pričom výnimku predstavuje len figurálna fluencia. Ďalšia analýza poukázala na to, že čítanie má významnejší vplyv na verbálnu tvorivosť v porovnaní s neverbálnou, na ktorú je vplyv minimálny.
EN
Nowadays, young people, due to, inter alia, an increase in migration movements on a global scale, more and more often encounter people from other cultures. Therefore, it seems important to prepare them for living in a culturally diverse environment, especially that the ability to function in multicultural environment is considered one of the most important social skills in the 21st century. For that reason, schools should implement activities in the fi eld of intercultural education that will sensitize young people to cultural diversity and will contribute to developing their attitudes of openness and respect for what is different.
EN
The article deals with the process of establishing aesthetic ideal of pupils of the Institute for Noble Maidens in Ukraine in the context of the retrospective approach to female education leading national and European educators and thinkers. It was found out that at the beginning of the nineteenth century reigned two approaches to the interpretation of educational ideal of female education, including conservative and democratic. Already in the mid-nineteenth century during the official (conservative) education (G. Appelrot, M. Katkov, P. Oldenburhskyy, M. Pogodin, Y. Rostovtsev, D. Tolstoy) ideal of female pupils educational institution based on the values of aristocratic culture, religion and identity theory of official nationality. The main thesis of publicists of conservative orientation – female through natural properties must dominate; only area of self of the «ladies» – the family, and the main purpose – the birth of children. The attention in the proposed article is drawn to the spiritual virtues and moral character requirements for the individual of noble maidens in the context of the traditional distribution of social roles. Graduate of Institute of Noble Maidens was the bearer of the ideal of nobility and purity, she believed in what this ideal would be realized, despite the difficulties and hardships of real life, taking them consistently without murmurings and bitterness. In the society the graduate of the institute was fun and relaxed, impressed by refined taste and rich imagination, witty remarks, sophistication and charm of «subtle mind». And to encourage the acquisition of a certain set of «secular virtues», many of which coincide with the most important Christian virtues: humility management, mutual courtesy, meekness, temperance equal friendly behavior, clean, prone to heart goodness and righteousness and worthy of noble modesty and special generosity, she should be separated from all that had signs of pride and selfishness. Schoolmiss was an example. All these features we can find in the best pupils of the Institute for Noble Maidens. In particular, the principal provisions and statutes on governing the education of girls at the Institute for Noble Maidens were analyzed. The views of leading figures on educational objectives of the educational process in women’s educational institutions were characterized. It is highlighted that as domestic and private education of girls get into character, the ideal model of training was the institute.
XX
There are no studies based on a comparative analysis of the responses of parents, their children and teachers of physical culture. The locality of complete and accurate information makes the right choice of the means and forms of physical education of pupils rather complicated. Aim of research − to identify the forms of physical education, which are popular among students and are appropriate according to the opinion of parents and physical culture teachers. Over 150 works of native scientists have been processed. A questionnaire of 182 physical culture teachers from 102 secondary schools in the Ukraine; 1017 pupils of middle school age and their parents has been conducted. We have used nonparametric methods. The forms of sports-oriented physical education are significantly ahead of short physical exercising and motile breaks by popularity. In the rating of parents, short physical exercise leads, and the results in this group are only slightly inferior to advocating sports sections. Teachers of physical culture also pay great attention to sports sections, sports competitions and short physical exercise. The results for pupils of the special medical group are definitely more interesting than for other children. The decline of interest in "aging" pupils is observed within all forms of physical education, but the highest reduction of interest is in the attitude of pupils to "little" forms. Sports sections, sports competitions, short physical exercise and motile breaks are the favorites among middle school age pupils. Although participation in sports competitions and advocating sports sections are more preferred by boys than girls.
EN
In this article the optional directions of future musical art teachers’ preparation for civil pupils’ education in modern conditions, based on the studying and analyzing literature, integration and specification of the investigated phenomena are illuminated, considered the basic problems of future music masters’ readiness forming to realization of civil education of pupils. The most efficient as well as optional and acceptable directions of the future musical art teachers’ preparation for civil pupils’ education are: realization of an appropriate content module using the interactive methods and innovative technologies in the work with students; implementation of civil focusing on educational establishment activity projects, management of students’ pedagogical practice which is advisably built. In order to implement an effective pedagogical activity, modern musical art teachers should obtain the foundations of pedagogical technologies, and also feel an internal need in their constant using and applying. The result of the civic orientation projects implementation into an educational establishment activity is a demonstration of future musical art teachers’ citizenship identity in the intellectual and emotional-value spheres. The main conditions of successful students’ professional-pedagogical interest forming in the process of pedagogical practice are: positive pedagogical environment providing; support of the plasticizing students by teachers, supervisors, psychologists; investigation of the basic constituents of civil competence of a future music master; differentiated pedagogical practice preparation and organization, creative nature of pedagogical practice organization. The revealing of the indicated directions’ contents allows approaching the educational activity in musical-pedagogical establishments complexly, using a personal, activity, competence and systematic approaches. In this article only several main directions of future musical art teachers’ preparation for civil pupils’ education are highlighted. The students’ civil self-educational organization issue needs further exploration.
EN
The ability to understand and produce metaphors is thought to reflect an individual’s cognitive level, creativity, abstract reasoning ability and linguistic competence. Unlike early emerging language forms whose acquisition is complete by the time children enter school, the understanding and use metaphors steadily improve throughout childhood, adolescence and into adulthood. Measures od metaphoric competence thus provide a measure of children’s developing conceptual and linguistic abilities throughout the school years (Friemoth, Kamhi 2001: 476). It has been suggested that child metaphors are a reflection on the language of an underlying transfer of knowledge from one conceptual domain to another similar to the kind of transfer of knowledge occurring in adults. Such a view of metaphor is consistent with domain-specific theories of conceptual development which claim that children begin by acquiring knowledge in a few domains which is later differentiated or transferred to other domains (Vosniadou 1986: 52). In the article, I want to present types of metaphors, theories of conceptual development of children and metaphoric competence. Moreover, I emphasize the teacher’s role in forming linguistic competence of pupils.
EN
The article reveals the significance of artistic competence in the education of patriotic values of the students of rural educational systems. The essence of the concept «competence», «creative competence of the individual» are clarified. The peculiarities of formation of the pupils’ artistic competence of music, visual and choreographic arts are defined. It is revealed that the success of patriotic education through art is possible through planned, systematic inclusion of the pupils at preschool age to different kinds of artistic activity. Valuable for our study is the selection of the dominant species of the arts (music and visual) and synthetic (choreography and others) covered in the curriculum «Art» for the younger students by L. Masol. The specific terms of music, dance, fine art are used for the children of primary school age at the lessons. The main thing for the author is «to preserve the unity of the artistic image, which perceived emotionally, and the concept that is being developed by the mind, and thus to form the students’ artistic and associative thinking, develop the ability to transfer acquired knowledge, ideas, skills in related and distant spiritual and aesthetic spheres. And this is a real step to creativity». Therefore, in a rural training educational complex it is important to create conditions for the successful formation of artistic competence, which increases the level of patriotic education of children, namely: maximum taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children from preschool to school age, the implementation of the subject-to-subject relations between a pupil and a teacher as the basis of personality-oriented approach, the creation of the educational environment, adherence to the programme of music lessons, fine arts, choreography in the educational work of the educational complex, ensuring the development of artistic creativity of pupils, use a variety of forms and methods of educational work with children in various areas of art education, to ensure continuity of patriotic education among all age groups, close communication and interaction between a family and an educational complex. The author stresses that introducing the pupils of rural educational complexes with folk music, Cossack art professional music and modern musical works is a way of mastering the art competences of spiritual revival of the Ukrainian nation. The conducted theoretical research does not cover all the aspects of the problem and outlines the prospects for further research in maintaining a realization in the sphere of mastering of artistic competence.
EN
The article uncovers the specifics of organization of health-saving environment of secondary school. The main factors of effective implementation of health-saving environment are analyzed. Its essence is defined. The value of health-saving environment as a condition of heuristic education is revealed. The educational technology, which provides saving the health of students and comprehensive development, is characterized. Creation of a health-saving environment in a secondary school provides the organization of safe and comfortable environment for children at school, using preventive methods and tools of the impact on children, harmonious natural environment, and humanistic logic in organization of primary school children’s life with consideration of their needs, interests, individual characteristics and potential of each student. It is shown that heuristic model of education oriented on the creation of harmonious natural environment, which provides self-realization of a personal child’s potential. The teacher should give preference to theatrical lessons, concert-lessons, tours-lessons, lessons of psychological relief and builds cooperation based on subject –subject relationship, dialogue communication style, tolerant attitude, and cooperation with students. An important factor is the assessment of educational achievements of students, which focuses on comparing the student with himself (not with other students), with the changes, which took place in it and desire of teacher to transfer accents from the control and evaluation of students to self-monitoring and self-evaluation. It is advisable to use teaching methods that encourage students to creative activities, for example, visual-figurative elements of training that promote individual and emotional living and understanding of knowledge, stimulate imagination, development of memory, thinking, emotional, sensual and will areas. The results of research has allowed to draw certain conclusions, namely: organization of health-saving environment provides no direct or indirect harm to the health of students, safe and comfortable conditions for children at school, provides an individual trajectory of training and education of a child, prevents stress, overload, fatigue pupils, etc.
11
70%
EN
Features of the correction program sent to the decline of level of anxiety of Grade school pupils by the methods of musical therapy.
EN
This empirical study examines the capacity of pupils´ gestures to mediate information and make processes of pupils´ thinking visible. The study understands pupils´ gestures as the visual processing of information or as thinking made visible. Based on an analysis of pupils´ gestures recorded during sixteen lessons of Czech language and literature at lower secondary schools, the study shows that pupils´ gestures appear in classes in the form of explanatory talks which the pupils use to (re)construct the patterns of their thinking. However, pupils´ gestures can not only highlight ongoing cognitive processes, but they also reveal the individual steps that comprise pupils´ cognitive operations. The study therefore introduces pupils´ gestures as a tool for making cognitive processes - their presence, content and structure - visible.
EN
This literature review analyzes eight specialized papers which focus on issues of the perceptual motor skills of children and pupils with mild intellectual disabilities. Children and pupils with mild intellectual disabilities have deficits in perceptual motor skills. The deficits of adaptive and intellectual skills of these children and pupils may be greater (mainly because of their conceptual and abstract reasoning)­ than their relative deficits of perceptual motor skills. Stronger perceptual motor skills in children and pupils with mild intellectual disabilities may be the target of school intervention as a means of alleviating problems in adaptive functions.
EN
The article examines aesthetic education of primary school pupils as an integral part of the national system of continuous art education in Japan. One of the most important traditional means of aesthetic education in Japan, according to L. Tsaryova is considered nature. Analysis of the scientific literature by domestic and foreign scientists suggests that instead of collective worship the Japanese established habits that help people develop artistic taste. Having considered the traditions of: tea ceremony, admiring nature; writing, which doesn’t differ from painting and so on, one should point out that the traditions are valuable and remain till nowadays thus promoting the aestheticization of the Japanese people.
EN
The Internet and cyber-space create a platform where a new form has emerged, i.e., bullying, so far occurring mainly within school premises. The study presents results of empirical research conducted at selected elementary and secondary schools in Slovakia in 2017. The aim of the study was to elucidate the most frequent current cyber-bullying platforms and occurrence of individual forms of cyber-bullying with regard to cyber-victims. The research sample consisted of 1004 respondents, aged 10–20 (AM 14.9). Empirical data were collected using the method of questioning in the form of a written questionnaire. We focused on cyber-bullies, electronic platforms and identification of cyber-bullying forms from the point of view of cyber-victims and pupils’ gender and age. It was found out that 24.50% of pupils reported to have been cyber-victimized, girls more often than boys. The most frequent form of cyber-bullying from the point of view of cyber-victims was abusive or offensive language on the Internet and spreading rumours on the Internet.
EN
The development of social competence is reflected in the individual’s potential for constructive cooperation and behavior in social situations, in the possibility of establishing interpersonal relationships and understanding different viewpoints and in the capability of to tolerance and compassion. The purpose of this research paper is to compare teachers’ opinions on attained social competence of pupils with special needs and other pupils. A questionnaire for teachers was adapted. Pupils with special needs were slightly better at accepting diversity and difference and demonstrated a higher level of politeness than other pupils.
EN
Studies show that mobile phones are an important part of youth lifestyle and culture. In establishing this, it is important to know how youth themselves perceive the importance of mobile phones in their life. Our research was based on a sample of 6th and 9th graders from Slovenia (n = 820). The data was collected using a questionnaire. The study showed that the most common reason for using mobile phones is to communicate with other pupils and the reason for having a mobile phone is to be connected with others. Moreover, various feelings and fears connected to mobile phone use are experienced by pupils. The study also revealed some possible dangers of MPs use by pupils. Based on the results, it is necessary to raise pupils’ awareness of the safe, moderate and critical use of mobile phones in their everyday life.
EN
The present study includes selected conditions of adaptation to the school. The research question focused on different predictors of sense of acceptanceand self-esteem and a sense of exclusion. The study involved 270 children aged 8-12. Data were collected twice using two tools: a questionnaire SUSPO and QSL. The results showed dynamic processes and differences occurring in the first and the second period of primary education and the opportunity to create conditions for a successful learning environment by the teacher.
19
Content available remote

Nevhodné chování učitelů k žákům a studentům

61%
CS
Přehledová studie shrnuje dosavadní stav poznání v oblasti, která je sice veřejnosti známa už dlouho, ale exaktní výzkum probíhá teprve třicet let. Nevhodným chováním učitele se rozumí chování, které nepřekračuje hranice zákona, ale interferuje s výukou, a tím narušuje vztahy mezi učitelem a žáky a zhoršuje učení žáků. Studie upozorňuje na dvě výzkumné tradice, které se rozvíjely souběžně: v bývalých socialistických státech pod označením didaktogenie, v západní Evropě, USA a Japonsku pod označením nevhodné chování učitele. Studie předkládá čtyři psychologické teorie, které se snaží vysvětlit příčiny učitelova nevhodného chování: teorii kauzální atribuce, teorii vnímané vlastní zdatnosti učitele (self-efficacy), teorii interakčního chování učitele a teorii uplatňování učitelovy moci. Ve studii jsou dále diskutovány možnosti diagnostiky učitelova nevhodného chování a shrnuty výsledky šestnácti deskriptivně-analytických výzkumů realizovaných v této oblasti.
PL
Artykuł zawiera ogólny zarys koncepcji edukacji szkolnej w Salezjańskiej Średniej Szkole Organistowskiej w Przemyślu, charakterystykę jej kadry pedagogicznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nauczycieli przedmiotów muzycznych.
EN
An article deals with general outline of educational concept of the Salezians Organ Secondary School in Przemyśl, describes its staff - teachers for music classes in particular.
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