Search results

1

Selected oxidative stress parameters after single and repeated administration of octabromodiphenyl ether to rats

100%

Bruchajzer E., Frydrych B., Kilanowicz A., Sapota A., Szymańska J. A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 5

808-820

EN

Objectives: Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE) was used as a flame retardant applied mostly in the manufacture of plastics utilized in the electrical and electronic industries. Owing to its long half-life and being regarded as an environmental pollutant, OctaBDE, like other polybrominated diphenyl ethers, has been classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). This study was carried out to assess the effects of oxidative stress (redox homeostasis) induced in rats by OctaBDE. Material and Methods: Female Wistar rats exposed intragastrically to OctaBDE at single (25, 200 or 2000 mg/kg b.w.), or repeated (0.4, 2, 8, 40 or 200 mg/kg/day) doses during 7–28 days were used in the experiment. Selected oxidative stress parameters were determined in the liver and blood serum. Results: Administration (single or repeated) of OctaBDE to rats resulted in the impaired redox homeostasis, as evidenced by the increased levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in the liver, the reduced total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum and the increased concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. After multiple doses of OctaBDE, elevated activity of glutathione transferase (GST) in the liver was also noted. Conclusions: After repeated administration of OctaBDE at the lowest dose (0.4 mg/kg/day), changes were observed in the parameters (MDA, TAS, GSSG) indicative of oxidative stress.

2

Octabromodiphenyl ether - porphyrogenicity after repeated administration to rats

100%

Bruchajzer E., Frydrych B., Szymańska J. A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2012

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vol. 25

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issue 4

392-403

EN

Objectives: Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE) is a fl ame retardant which has been withdrawn from common use due to its negative effect on the environment. The literature data regarding its toxicity addresses its effect on liver function, the endocrine and reproductive systems, as well as its developmental toxicology aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated administration of OctaBDE on heme biosynthesis in rats. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on female Wistar rats. OctaBDE was administered intragastrically at four different doses (2, 8, 40 or 200 mg/kg/day) for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. The following measures of heme synthesis disturbance were used: urinary excretion of porphyrins, liver concentration of porphyrins, the activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALA-S) and delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) in the liver. Results: After 28 days of exposure, lower ALA-S and ALA-D activity was observed in the liver. Additionally, increased concentrations of high carboxylated porphyrins (octa- and heptacarboxyporphyrins) were found in the liver: from 2- to 10-fold after the 2 mg/kg/day doses and from 4- to 14-fold after the 8-200 mg/kg/day doses. The porphyrogenic effect of OctaBDE was also evidenced by augmented, dose-dependent and exposure time-dependent, concentrations of total porphyrins in urine (2-7.5-fold increase) and their urinary excretion (2-9-fold increase). Tetracarboxyporphyrins predominated in the urine; their concentrations increased 2.5-10 fold. Conclusions: The study revealed that repeated exposure to OctaBDE affects heme biosynthesis and the levels of porphyrins. The lowest effective level which induced changes in porphyrin concentration was 2 mg/kg/day.

3

The effect of exposure route on the distribution and excretion of hexachloronaphthalene in rats

100%

Kilanowicz A., Daragó A., Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2012

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vol. 25

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issue 2

185-195

EN

Objectives: Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), like other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are widespread, global environmental contaminants. These compounds still represent a great environmental problem, mostly because of the risk of secondary air pollution. They are characterized by long durability and tendency to bioaccumulate, which means that they are practically ubiquitous in all environmental media and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and excretion of hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) in rats following a single intraperitoneal or intragastrical administration. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on male outbred Wistar rats with body weight of 220–240 g. They were given [¹⁴C]-HxCN intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intragastrically (p.o.) in a single dose of 0.3 mg (150 kBq) per rat. The distribution of radioactivity in blood and selected organs or tissues, as well as urine and faeces excretion were traced following the administration. Results: The decline of [¹⁴C]-HxCN in plasma was biphasic and the calculated half-lives for phases I and II were ~6 and 350 h, respectively. Following 120 h after administration, ~51% (intragastrical) and ~34% (intraperitoneal) of the dose were excreted with faeces. Regardless of the administration route, the highest HxCN concentrations were found in liver and adipose tissue, where the compound showed high retention: the highest retention in liver was found 24 h after intragastrical (32%) and intraperitoneal (38%) administration while in adipose tissue ~30% retention was observed 120 h after HxCN administration regardless of its route. Conclusions: Following the calculation of the balance of total [¹⁴C]-HxCN excreted and stored, it was found that hexachloronaphthalene belongs to the compounds of a slow turnover rate, and in the case of repeated exposure it may accumulate in the rat body.

4

Effect of a high amino acid diet on antioxidant barrier parameters of rat skin.

100%

Niczyporuk M., Knaś M., Grądzka K., Car H.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2019

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vol. 1

45-50

EN

Introduction: Oxidative stress is largely responsible for numerous skin complications that occur in the course of various diseases as well as accelerated skin aging. A high amino acid diet, supplemented with whey protein concentrate (WPC), is well-balanced and has well-absorbing proteins, which are an ideal source of essential amino acids. Purpose: To assess what changes will occur in the antioxidant barrier of unharmed skin of rats on a high amino acid diet. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on sexually mature male Wistar rats (160-180g): 1. control (standard feed), 2. high amino acid diet (WPC-80 80% whey protein) administered for 7 days at a dose of 0.3g/kg of body weight, 3. WPC-80 for 7 days at a dose of 0.5g/kg of body weight, 4. WPC-80 for 14 days at a dose of 0.3g/kg of body weight, 5. WPC-80 for 14 days at a dose of 0.5g/kg of body weight. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidative status and oxidative stress index were determined. Results: Enrichment of a standard diet with WPC-80 did not affect the total oxidative status of undamaged healthy rat skin. This study shows that a diet rich in amino acids in rats caused an increase in total antioxidant capacity, but statistically significant values were obtained after 14 days of administering WPC at a dose of 0.5mg/kg of body weight. Conclusions: Enrichment of a standard diet with WPC-80 strengthens the antioxidant barrier in unwounded healthy rat skin.

5

Effect of a high amino acid diet on antioxidant barrier parameters of rat skin. Part 2

100%

Knaś M., Niczyporuk M., Grądzka K., Car H.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2019

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vol. 1

70-75

EN

Purpose: The imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity of the body is known as oxidative stress. Exposition of the skin to free radicals, the origin of the internal and external causes activation of multiple mechanisms to eliminate them and prevent in this way the development of oxidative stress. The aim of this experiment was examining what changes are taking place in the antioxidant barrier of unwounded healthy skin of rats, who are on a high amino acids diet for 7 and 14 days at administered doses of 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg body weight. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups: 1. control (standard feed), 2. high amino acid diet (WPC-80 80% whey protein) administered for 7 days at a dose of 0.3g/kg of body weight, 3. WPC-80 for 7 days at a dose of 0.5g/kg of body weight, 4. WPC-80 for 14 days at a dose of 0.3g/kg of body weight, 5. WPC-80 for 14 days at a dose of 0.5g/kg of body weight. The concentration of superoxide dismutase 2 and 3, the concentration of catalase specific activity of glutathione peroxidase, the concentration of glutathione and total protein content were determined. Results: The supplementation of the standard diet by the preparation of WPC-80 administered in a dose 0.5 g/kg body weight for 14 days containing methionine and cysteine (essential amino acids involved in the formation of glutathione), significantly increases the concentration of reduced glutathione. Conclusions: Enrichment of a standard diet with WPC-80 caused by the significant increases of non-enzymatic antioxidant.

6

Świat przedstawiony i nieprzedstawiony byłej Jugosławii (na przełomie wieków)

75%

Ćirlić-Mentzel D. J.

Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia

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2016

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vol. 4: POKOLENIE — TRANSFORMACJA — TOŻSAMOŚĆ Gardzienickie czytania teatroznawcze… i nie tylko

101-109

EN

Not everyone puts their eternal myths on banners in order to kill others. The question is how a nation transforms myths into art, and in particular into theatre. A sudden focus in the Yugoslavia, which no longer existed, on topics that used to be forbidden, was a natural reaction to the previous existence of taboo. When Poland was celebrating its accession to the European community, the citizens of Yugoslavia were experiencing the nightmare of war. Later, the transformation reached them as well. And with it came corruption, theft, gangsters and kitch-coloured life. The dissolution of Yugoslavia was overzealously supported by ideologues and politicians. The authors of the new generation, such as Biljana Srbljanović and Milena Marković (Serbia), Ivana Sajko and Tena Štivičić (Croatia), Dorutina Basha (an Albanian from Kosovo), write about what people living in the former Yugoslavia lost irretrievably. And in this way they fight the servile function of art towards the official ideology. But does anyone want to hear what the theatre warns against? Transformation of the world is a political project, which always finds its place in the theatre, if only a group of people meet, sharing common beliefs and ideas and wishing to change the world. Someone said so once in the former Yugoslavia.

7

Developmental toxicity of N-methylaniline following prenatal oral administration in rats

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Sitarek K., Gromadzińska J., Stetkiewicz J., Lutz P., Król M., Domeradzka-Gajda K., Wąsowicz W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 3

479-492

EN

Objectives The objective of the study was to assess prenatal toxicity of N-methylaniline (NMA) administered by gavage to pregnant female rats. Material and Methods Pregnant female rats were administered N-methylaniline in corn oil by gavage at daily doses of 0.8 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), 4 mg/kg b.w., 20 mg/kg b.w. and 100 mg/kg b.w. from implantation (the 5th day post mating) to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section (the 20th day of pregnancy). General behavior, body weight, food and water consumption, hematological, biochemical analyses and pathomorphological changes of the dams were recorded. Results All the females survived until the end of the study. The test substance was toxic to pregnant females, even at the lowest of the used doses, i.e., 0.8 mg/kg b.w./day. Lower weight gain during pregnancy and significantly higher NMA-dose-dependent absolute weight of the organs were noted in the exposed females. The females from the groups exposed at doses of 20 mg/kg b.w./day and 100 mg/kg b.w./day developed anemia and showed higher concentrations of free thyroxine (FT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT4) thyroid hormones. Total protein concentration exhibited an increase in all the exposed groups of females. In the prenatal toxicity study, administration of N-methylaniline throughout the embryonic and fetal periods produced embryotoxic effects at doses ranging 4–100 mg/kg b.w./day. Conclusions Considering the data obtained in this study, it is reasonable to assume that N-methylaniline administered orally to pregnant rats is toxic for mothers even at a low dose of 0.8 mg/kg b.w./day. However, this dose was not associated with any significant effects to their offspring. This prenatal exposure level may be considered as no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for the progeny and a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w./day as the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for the progeny.

8

The effects of 1-methylnaphthalene after inhalation exposure on the serum corticosterone levels in rats

75%

Świercz R., Stępnik M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2020

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vol. 33

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issue 5

691-699

EN

ObjectivesThis paper reports on the trend of the stressogenic stimulus caused by a repeated exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) vapors at the nominal concentrations of 0 mg/m3 (the control restrainer), 50 mg/m3 or 200 mg/m3 in the nose-only inhalation system, by analyzing the serum corticosterone (CORT) levels in rats.Material and MethodsThree groups of rats were exposed in restrainers to 1-MN vapors at the nominal concentrations of 0 mg/m3, 50 mg/m3 or 200 mg/m3 for 5 days. One control group of animals spent all the time during the experiment in an individually ventilated plastic cage. The serum CORT concentrations were determined in all 4 groups of the rats. The blood samples drawn from the tail vein were collected every day after termination of the 6-h exposure. On the fifth day, blood samples were collected 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, and 3 h after termination of the 6-h exposure.ResultsOn the fifth day of the study, no statistically significant changes in body weights between all groups of animals were found. After 5 days of the observation, increased food intake in the control groups was noted. Significantly higher CORT concentrations in the rats exposed to 1-MN at 200 mg/m3 and in the animals from the control restrainer were found, comparing to the animals exposed to 1-MN at 50 mg/m3 and the animals from the control cage.ConclusionsThe application of 6-h restraining induced high concentrations of the stress hormone, CORT, in the blood of rats. The short-term exposure of rats to 1-MN non-linearly reduced the restraint stress measured with CORT concentration.

9

Podążaj za szczurem. Od nekropolityki do teorii międzygatunkowej kohabitacji

71%

Jarzębowska G.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2017

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vol. 23

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issue 1

305-323

EN

This paper develops the concept of a posthumanist, more-than-human collective by focusing on conflictual relationships between humans and sewer rats. I propose to look at the absence of empathy in urban rat control programs through the framework of a necropolitics of war and colonization. I seek to examine how an interspecies community may be organized to simultaneously protect human interests and meet the requirements of animals' well-being. I analyze the reasons why the idea of a reduction in animals' suffering does not exist in public discourses on rat eradication. I claim that to create an interspecies collective composed of populations in conflict it is necessary to consider ideas of animal liberation and reconstruct cultural codes concerning rats.

PL

Artykuł jest rozwinięciem koncepcji posthumanistycznego, ludzko-nie-ludzkiego kolektywu, skoncentrowanym na konfliktowej relacji między ludźmi a szczurami kanałowymi. Przyglądam się brakowi empatii w programach eksterminacji tych zwierząt, zwracając uwagę na nekropolityczną narrację wojny i kolonizacji dominującą w dyskursie okołoderatyzacyjnym. Próbuję odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak powinna być zorganizowana międzygatunkowa wspólnota, żeby chroniąc interesy ludzi, spełniała zarazem podstawowe wymogi dobrostanu zwierząt. Analizuję główne przyczyny, dla których pomysły ograniczenia cierpienia zwierząt w programach deratyzacyjnych nie funkcjonują w debacie publicznej. Stawiam tezę, że dla stworzenia międzygatunkowego kolektywu złożonego z populacji pozostających w konflikcie, konieczne jest zaangażowanie aktywistów prozwierzęcych, transparentność praktyk oraz upowszechnienie alternatywnych kodów kulturowych określających wizerunek szczura.

10

Szczur w badaniach psychologii społecznej i w naukach kognitywnych. Bestia sacer czy istota motywowana moralnie?

63%

Słuszkiewicz Z.

Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies

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2022

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issue 2 (10)

1-70

RU

Крысы тысячелетиями сопровождают человека в среде его обитания. Данное сложное сосуществование привело к развитию в нашей культуре повествования, исключающего эти существа из сферы моральной ответственности и заботы человека. Статус вида Rattus парадоксален. Современные свободноживущие крысы относятся к числу животных, которых повсеместно презирают и подвергают. В то же время свойственная крысам социальная природа и аналогичная Homo sapiens нейронная структура позволяют использовать их как модели для исследования психических свойств человека. В то время, когда обилие открытий, касающихся когнитивных свойств некоторых видов живых существ, не относящихся к роду «человек», усилили этическую дискуссию относительно благополучия «высших» животных и даже их прав, крысы все же остались на периферии обсуждения. Между тем исследования этих грызунов показывают картину, противоречащую распространенным представлениям о них. В данной статье рассматриваются представления о социальном статусе крыс, полученные в результате исследований над восприятием социальных групп по параметрам теплоты / компетентности в соответствии с моделью содержания стереотипов Сьюзэн Фиск. Затем представляется концепция субъекта, действующего на основе моральной мотивации (moral subject) Марка Роулендса. На этом фоне проведено обзор последних достижений когнитивистики относительно свойств указанного вида. Статья направлена на выявление противоречий между стереотипным восприятием крысы и эмпирическими исследованиями, а также указание основных этических последствий возникшей ситуации.

EN

Rats have accompanied human habitats for millennia. This complicated coexistence has led to the development of culture-laden narratives that excluded these creatures from the sphere of human moral care. Currently, the existential standing of the genus Rattus appears paradoxical. Contemporary free-living rats are among animals that are widely despised and subject to the most intense extermination. At the same time, due to their social nature and neural structure that is homologous to a large extent to Homo sapiens, they serve as models for research into human psychological properties. Recently, the accumulation of discoveriesregarding many nonhuman species’ cognitive abilities has reignited ethical debate about the welfare and even the rights of “higher” animals. However, rats remain outside its mainstream focus. Meanwhile, based on research on rodents one may arrive at the image which is contrary to common beliefs about rats. The article presents the stereotypical views of rats’ social status obtained from research on the perception of social groups in accordance with the warmth and competence dimensions of Susan Fiske’s Stereotype Content Model. Then, Mark Rowlands’ concept of a moral subject is presented. Against this backdrop, a review of the latest findings of cognitive sciences regarding the properties of the Rattus species is carried out, in order to confront those research findings with Rowlands’ concept. The article aims to underscore the contradiction between the stereotypical perception of the rat and the empirical data, to finally indicate fundamental ethical implications of such a state of affairs.

PL

Szczury towarzyszą ludzkim siedliskom od tysiącleci. Ta skomplikowana współegzystencja doprowadziła do wykształcenia w naszym kręgu kulturowym narracji wykluczających współcześnie te stworzenia z kręgu moralnej troski człowieka. Sytuacja egzystencjalna gatunków Rattus nosi znamiona paradoksu. Współcześnie wolno żyjące szczury należą do zwierząt powszechnie pogardzanych i poddawanych najintensywniejszej eksterminacji. Równocześnie, z racji swojej społecznej natury i analogicznej do Homo sapiens struktury neuronalnej, służą za modele badań nad własnościami psychicznymi człowieka. Kumulacja odkryć dotyczących zdolności poznawczych wielu gatunków pozaludzkich ożywiła dyskusje etyczną wokół dobrostanu, a nawet praw „wyższych” zwierząt. Jednakże szczury pozostają poza jej głównym nurtem. Tymczasem z badań nad gryzoniami wyłania się obraz sprzeczny z potocznymi wyobrażeniami o nich. W artykule zaprezentowany zostanie obraz społecznego statusu szczurów, wypływający z badań nad percepcją grup społecznych w wymiarach ciepła/kompetencji według Modelu Treści Stereotypu Susan Fiske. Następnie przedstawiona zostanie koncepcja podmiotu działającego w oparciu o motywację moralną (moral subiect) Marka Rowlandsa. Na tak utworzonym tle zostanie przeprowadzony przegląd najnowszych ustaleń nauk kognitywnych odnośnie własności tego gatunku. Artykuł ma na celu uwydatnienie sprzeczności stereotypowego postrzegania szczura z empirycznymi badaniami oraz wskazanie podstawowych etycznych konsekwencji zaistniałej sytuacji.

11

Crnogorska dječja književnost i dječji svijet Dušana Kostića

45%

Kalezić-Đuričković S.

Libri & Liberi

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2014

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vol. Volume 3

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issue No. 1

57-74

HR

U radu se iznosi pregled crnogorske dječje književnosti pa se u tome kontekstu analiziraju dječji romani Dušana Kostića. Njegovo se ime povezuje s različitim žanrovima: od poezije i proze (pripovijedaka i romana) do publicističkih, putopisnih i kritičkih ostvarenja. Kostić nije manje plodan ni kada je u pitanju dječja književnost; objavio je poemu Gradić Jelengaj (1954.) i četiri romana za mlade čitatelje: Gluva pećina (1956.), Sutjeska (1958.), Modro blago (1963.) i Gora Koštanova (1967.). Velik dio motiva i tema crpi Kostić iz sjećanja na mukotrpnu i siromašnu mladost u ekonomski i politički teškom vremenu nakon Prvoga svjetskoga rata. Lirizacija umjetničkoga izraza najizrazitije je sredstvo Kostićeve poetike koje je slijedio i u djelima za najmlađe. Ondje poetičnim i živopisnim bojama oslikava vlastito djetinjstvo i ambijent u kojemu je odrastao, tako da ne čudi da ga se među crnogorskim piscima smatra jednim od glavnih predstavnika autobiografske pripovjedne književnosti.

EN

This paper presents an overview of Montenegrin children’s literature which provides the context for an analysis of the children’s novels of Dušan Kostić. Kostić is known for various literary genres, from poetry and prose (short stories and novels) to journalistic narratives, travelogues and critical works. This author is hardly less prolific in children’s and young adult literature, as he published five works intended for young readers: the poem The Town Jelengaj (1954) and four novels: Deaf Cave (1956), Sutjeska (1958), Blue Treasure (1963) and Chestnut Mountain (1967). Many of his motifs and themes are derived from his memories of a difficult childhood spent in poverty at the time of economic crisis after the First World War. Kostić followed the tendency of lyrical and artistic expression, the most expressive means of his own poetics, in the creation of children’s books. In his works, Kostić describes with poetical liveliness his own childhood and the circumstances in which he grew up. Thus, he can rightfully be considered one of the main representatives of autobiographical narrative fiction among Montenegrin writers.

DE

Der Beitrag offeriert einen knappen Überblick über die montenegrinische Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, in deren Kontext die Jugendromane von Dušan Kostić besprochen werden. Kostićs Produktion umfasst Texte aus unterschiedlichen literarischen Gattungen, die von Poesie und Prosa (Erzählungen und Romane) bis hin zu Reiseberichten, publizistischen und literaturkritischen Texten reichen. Nicht weniger umfangreich ist auch Kostićs jugendliterarische Produktion: Er schrieb das Gedicht Gradić Jelengaj (1954) sowie vier Romane für junge Leser (Gluva pećina, 1956; Sutjeska, 1958; Modro blago, 1963 und Gora Koštanova, 1967). Motive und Themen schöpft der Autor mehrheitlich aus Erinnerungen an seine schwierige und ärmliche Jugend, die von wirtschaftlich und politisch schwierigen Zeiten nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg geprägt war. Das auffälligste Kennzeichen Kostićs Poetik bildet sein dichterisch stimmungsvoller künstlerischer Ausdruck, die auch in seinen Werken für jüngere Leser zu Tage tritt. Darin schildert er in poetischen und lebhaften Farben die eigene Kindheit und das Milieu, in dem er aufwuchs. Auf Grund dessen ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass er unter den montenegrinischen Schriftstellern als wichtiger Hauptvertreter der autobiographischen Erzählliteratur gilt.

Refine search results

Selected oxidative stress parameters after single and repeated administration of octabromodiphenyl ether to rats

Octabromodiphenyl ether - porphyrogenicity after repeated administration to rats

The effect of exposure route on the distribution and excretion of hexachloronaphthalene in rats

Effect of a high amino acid diet on antioxidant barrier parameters of rat skin.

Effect of a high amino acid diet on antioxidant barrier parameters of rat skin. Part 2

Świat przedstawiony i nieprzedstawiony byłej Jugosławii (na przełomie wieków)

Developmental toxicity of N-methylaniline following prenatal oral administration in rats

The effects of 1-methylnaphthalene after inhalation exposure on the serum corticosterone levels in rats

Podążaj za szczurem. Od nekropolityki do teorii międzygatunkowej kohabitacji

Szczur w badaniach psychologii społecznej i w naukach kognitywnych. Bestia sacer czy istota motywowana moralnie?

Crnogorska dječja književnost i dječji svijet Dušana Kostića