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Zadośćuczynienie za krzywdę spowodowaną śmiercią najbliższego członka rodziny – glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Katowicach z dnia 4 października 2018 roku, V ACa 697/17

100%
Zielonka P.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2019
|
issue 26
139-154
PL
Celem glosy jest analiza przesłanek zadośćuczynienia za doznaną krzywdę z powodu śmierci osoby bliskiej na podstawie art. 446 § 4 k.c., a w szczególności analiza pojęcia „najbliższy członek rodziny”. Autor z aprobatą odniósł się do argumentacji sądu w zakresie rozumienia powyższego pojęcia, dla którego decydujące znaczenie mają powiązania rodzinne. Źródłem tych powiązań jest stosunek bliskości, który nie zawsze jest oparty na więzach formalno-prawnych. Uwagi krytyczne dotyczyły zaś braku rozstrzygnięcia w glosowanym wyroku kwestii przyczynienia się bezpośrednio poszkodowanego do powstania lub zwiększenia szkody. Zastosowane metody badań opierały się w głównej mierze na analizie dogmatycznej przepisów kodeksu cywilnego, a także na wykorzystaniu literatury prawa cywilnego oraz bogatego orzecznictwa sądowego.
EN
The purpose of the gloss was to analyze the premises for compensation for the harm suffered because of the death of a relative based on art. 446 § 4 of the Polish Civil Code, and in particular the term “the closest family member”. Critical remarks concerned the issue of the lack of resolution in the voted judgment of the issue of directly contributing to the claimant’s rise or damage. The research methods used in the text were based mainly on the dogmatic analysis of the Civil Code, including rich literature and judicial decisions. The author has approved the Court’s argumentation regarding the understanding of the above notion, for which family connections are decisive. The source of these connections is the relationship of closeness, which is not always based on formal and legal links. The applied research methods were based mainly on the dogmatic analysis of the Civil Code, as well as on the use of civil law literature and rich court jurisprudence.
2
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Konsekwencje naruszenia umowy o zakazie konkurencji w czasie trwania stosunku pracy

100%
Ziółkowska K.
Studia Warmińskie
|
2012
|
issue 49
241-254
EN
The problems of contracts about prohibition of competition is controversial continually in Polish law, which it does not be adapted to quick economic development of the country. The more and more firms from beginning of constitutional transformation came into being, the institutions of work about economic character as well as the companies of trade right. The publication propels the problems of inclusion of during relation of work the only contract about prohibition of competition (skipping the contract about prohibition of competition after ceasing the relation of work) as well as the consequences for two subjects what are the employer as well as the worker. The authoress tries to introduce what can appear the legal consequences of infringement of contract about prohibition of competition, the taking into account the compensating responsibility and also serial the worker in relation to employing him the employer.
DE
Das Problem der Verträge über das Konkurrenzverbot ist immer noch fraglich im polnischen Recht, das der raschen wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung des Landes nicht angepasst ist. Seit Beginn der politischen Transformation entstanden mehr und mehr Firmen, Wirtschafts- und Handelsunternehmen. Die Publikation befasst sich mit der Frage des Abschlusses eines Vertrags über das Konkurrenzverbot nur im Laufe der Beschäftigung (nicht berücksichtigt wurden die Verträge über das Konkurrenzverbot nach Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses) und die Konsequenzen für die beiden Subjekte wie Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer. Die Autorin versucht zu zeigen, welche rechtlichen Konsequenzen es im Falle des Vertragsbruchs über das Konkurrenzverbot geben kann, unter Hinweis auf die Haftung für Schäden sowie ordinale Haftung der Mitarbeiter gegen den Arbeitgeber, der sie beschäftigt.
3
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Samowole i swawole żołnierzy frejkompanii Franciszka Teodora Denhoffa w dobrach klarysek krakowskich pod koniec XVII w.

63%
Gąsiorowska P.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
|
2013
|
vol. 3
143-154
EN
In the 1690’s, in Umianowice and Wołoszczowice –two villages owned by the convent of the Cracow Poor Clares, located in the Sandomierz voivodeship– soldiers from the foreign infantry regiment, belonging to the Wiślica starosta Franciszek Teodor Denhoff, were stationing at the so-called winter quarters. The starosta had claimed the right to those villages as well as the revenue they generated. Hence, with his consent, the soldiers demanded payments in grain or money, and apart from that mercilessly pillaged and physically abused the subjects of the convent. In addition, they would rape women, and they forced an entry to a noble house, disregarding the fact that these felonies were punishable by death. Also, drunk soldiers sneered at the Catholic religion, mocking the ceremonies connected with the celebration of Corpus Christi. These events ended up in court, when the nuns, the nobility, and the peasants from the plundered villages sued the violators. The ones charged with the heaviest crimes were condemned to infamy and beheading, but it remains unknown whether the sentence was ever carried out. Starosta Denhoff was punished by kondemnata (a sentence in absentia). He was also obliged to pay compensation for all the damage caused. The losses were made up for a few years later by Denhoff ’s widow, Katarzyna Potocka.
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