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EN
This paper aims at discussing the aetiology, etymology, characteristics and phraseology of pain feeling, infliction and healing in ancient Egyptian religious, magical and literary texts. It examines the roles of the inflictors of pain and their effect on those who were vulnerable to their infliction. It also discusses the roles of the pain healers. Furthermore, it explains the notion of pain infliction and analyses the types of pain, revealing its experience in ancient Egypt. It discusses how it felt, was conceptualised, generated, assessed, how deities, demons, dead and living individuals inflicted and healed it. In relevant contexts, it discusses the places where pain was inflicted and the consequences of such infliction.
EN
The paper reflects on the specificity of the translation of texts belonging to the religious and theolog- ical literature. Religious and theological texts have been translated for millennia, many of them - originating in the sphere of Judeo-Christianity - lie at the core of Western culture. Their trans- lation, especially the translation of the Bible, was accompanied by theoretical reflection (see, for example, Jerome of Stridonium, Martin Luther or Eugene Nida), which permanently influenced the way of thinking about translation in general. The present study answers the question of how the translation of religious and theological texts differs from the translation of other texts and what the translator must or should take into account, translating religious and theological texts. The paper discusses, among others, the role of the word in Christianity, spiritual preparation, openness to the Holy Spirit, tradition and inculturation.
EN
The study focuses on four hitherto unknown mythological texts that accompany the text of the Royal purification ritual on the northern wall of the burial chamber of the shaft tomb of Iufaa at Abusir. These include a text describing the appearance and functions of the Hayshesh sea serpents, a cosmogony involving the uroboros, a myth of the glorifier of the Nun and an aetiological myth of the origin of divine awe. These texts further illustrate the nature of the sacred “library” that Iufaa accumulated in his tomb and elucidate the meaning of the originally royal purification ritual that adorns the northern and part of the eastern wall of Iufaa’s burial chamber.
EN
The present study deals with textual tradition and transmission in the Late Period, focusing on selected spells from the Coffin Texts from the shaft tomb of the priest Iufaa at Abusir. Changes in the orthography, palaeography, grammar and content of the texts between the Middle Kingdom (or sometimes even the Old Kingdom) and the Late Period indicate that the priests and scribes of the Late Period, who read and copied these texts, understood them and were able to modify the parts that were unintelligible to them or no longer in keeping with their world view and change them e.g. to comply with contemporary religious concepts. This does not, however, mean that the Late Period copyists were immune to misinterpretation and error. Since many spells found in Iufaa's tomb are not preserved elsewhere in the Late Period and sometimes exist in highly fragmentary versions from the Middle Kingdom, analyses of Iufaa's versions of these texts significantly contribute to the existing translations and interpretations of some Coffin Texts spells.
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EN
Translation framework of Word Youth Day. This article concerns the issue of translation offered to pilgrims during World Youth Day – religious event organized in July 2016 in Krakow. The paper discusses two kind of religious texts presented during WYD: written – prayers, hymn books and guides given to young Catholics and spoken – Holy Mass, broadcast religious services and meetings with the Holy Father.The paper concerns linguistic analysis of translation of religious vocabulary from Polish to Russian by professional translators and amateurs, who were working in parishes. The article also contains examples of interligual and intersemotic translation and description of work and materials made by parish translators.
RU
Переводческое оформление Всемирных Дней Молодёжи. В статье освещается проблема перевода как аспекта оформления международного мероприятия, особенно религиозного характера. Вопрос рассматривается на примере Всемирных Дней Молодёжи, т.е. встречи молодых католиков с папой римским, которая прошла летом 2016 года в Кракове. В качестве материала исследования выбраны тексты составленные или переведенные как профессионалами, так и непрофессиольными переводчиками и использаванные паломниками во время богослужений (литургические тексты, молитвы, песенники) и в обычном общении (путеводители, карты, планы, пресса). Внимание фокусируется на работе переводчиков двух краковских приходов, где принималась молодёжь владеющая русским языком. На выбранных текстах дано описание межъязыкового (с польского на русский) и межсемиотического переводов, обсуждается их адекватность.
EN
The study contains a translation and analysis of a hitherto unknown protective spell from the sarcophagus lid in the shaft tomb of Menekhibnekau, which has a single known parallel as yet, located on the eastern exterior wall of the outer sarcophagus of Iufaa, with three columns extending onto the southern wall. The major part of the spell places the deceased under the protection of the goddess Isis, but the powerful seven “knots” or “utterances” of the creatrix goddess are invoked as well. The final part of the spell contains a short curse aimed at potential tomb robbers, which is rather unusual in terms of both its placement and time of use: such texts were much more usual in far earlier times of Egyptian history.
CS
Studie obsahuje překlad a analýzu ochranného kouzla z víka sarkofágu v šachtové hrobce generála Menechibnekona. Jeho jediná dochovaná paralela se nachází na východní stěně vnějšího sarkofágu kněze Iufay, tři sloupce „přetékají“ na stěnu jižní. Hlavní část textu umísťuje zesnulého pod ochranu bohyně Esety, ale je zde vzýváno i sedm mocných „uzlů“ či „výroků“ stvořitelské bohyně. Text zakončuje krátká kletba namířená proti potenciálním vykradačům hrobek. Tato kletba je neobvyklá jak svým umístěním, tak obdobím, v němž byla zaznamenána, neboť s podobnými kletbami se obvykle setkáváme v mnohem dřívějších dobách egyptských dějin.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia funkcjonalną typologię wypowiedzi związanych ze sferą religii. Autorka koncentruje się na tekstach specyficznie religijnych, tworzonych w ramach kultu. Mniej uwagi poświęca zatem wypowiedziom kaznodziejsko-katechetycznym, mimo swej odrębności, podobnym do tekstów publicystycznych czy dydaktycznych, dokładniej zaś omawia funkcje pełnione przez: Pismo Św. i teksty teologiczne, teksty liturgiczne i akty sakramentalne, akty chwalebne i wyznawcze oraz modlitwy. W zakończeniu scharakteryzowane zostały różnice między aktami religijnymi a aktami magicznymi. Za najistotniejsze uznano: obszar działania, stosunek do sacrum oraz wykorzystywanie przez magię (w przeciwieństwie do religii) sił zła.
EN
The article presents a functional typology of religious texts. Attention is paid to texts of the cult, rather than sermon-like, catechetic texts, the latter being, besides their uniqueness, similar to journalistic or didactic texts. Especially, the onus is put on the functions of the Bible and theological texts, liturgical and sacramental texts, prayers of praise and confession of faith, and other prayers. Finally, a discussion is offered of the differences between religious and magical acts, the most important of which include the very sphere of the activity, the attitude to the sphere of the sacred, and the use in magic (but not in religion) of evil forces.
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