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Nieważność wyroku spowodowana odmówieniem prawa do obrony. Analiza przypadku

100%
Nowicka U.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
|
2019
|
vol. 28
|
issue 3
183-194
EN
According to can. 1620 No. 7 CIC, a sentence suffers from the defect of irremediable nullity if the right of defense was denied to one or the other party. In this case the party may bring an action for nullity. This complaint to one of the courts in Poland was filed in 2016 by the defendant. He referred to the fact that the plaintiff concealed his address before the court, he did not know about the trial and about the fact that his marriage was considered null. The article is an analysis of the right and the actual state of this issue.
2
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Powers of Inspection of the Polish Competition Authority. Question of Proportionality

84%
Bernatt M.
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
|
2011
|
vol. 4(5)
47-66
EN
The principle of proportionality applies to competition proceedings especially, when it comes to the exercise by the competition authority of its powers of inspection. Their use limits the economic freedom and right to privacy of the scrutinised undertakings in order to protect free competition. The use of inspection powers must thus be proportionate and remain the least onerous possible for the inspected companies. In consequence, legislation must provide procedural guarantees of proportionality of inspections. This article analyses whether the powers of inspection bestowed upon the Polish competition authority are regulated in a way that guarantees the observance of the principle of proportionality. The analysis focuses on the powers of control and search. Subsequently covered is also the issue of judicial control over the use of the powers of inspection by the competition authority. Proposals for changes in the practice of the competition authority as well as in the Polish legal framework are made in conclusion.
FR
Le principe de la proportionnalité s'applique quand il vient à l'exercice des puissances de l'inspection par l'autorité de concurrence. L'utilisation de ces puissances - limitant, au nom de la protection de la libre concurrence, la liberté économique et le droit des entreprises à l'intimité – doit être proportionnée et la moins onéreuse possible pour les entreprises inspectées. Par conséquent, dans le cadre juridique les garanties procédurales de la proportionnalité des inspections doivent être fournies. L'article analyse si les puissances des inspections de l'autorité de concurrence polonaise sont réglées d'une manière qui garantit le respect du principe de la proportionnalité.
3
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Uprawnienia obrońcy w procesie karnym – wybrane zagadnienia

84%
Wierzbicka K.
Themis Polska Nova
|
2018
|
issue 2(14)
152-165
EN
The right of defence is one of the fundamental human rights. In criminal proceedings, its implementation may translate into defendant’s right of undertaking his defence on his own, as well as of having recourse to a professional defender. In this regard, the defender (an attorney or a legal counsel) has been given a certain set of entitlements which, on one hand, can aid in performing his own duties and, on the other hand, provides a legal framework for the execution of these duties. The way in which the defender’s activities are conducted depends on the will and the contribution of the defendant himself. At the meeting point of the defender-defendant relationship there may appear certain occurrences, and some of them prohibited by penal legislation, which imply a number of issues and thus need to be clarified. Those issues include, inter alia, the scope of the right of defence as well as defender’s competences, the lawfulness of the activities being undertaken, the question of the scope and framework of defender’s legal privilege with regard to his knowledge on the crime.
4
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Wezwanie sądowe i prawo do obrony

84%
Gałkowski T.
Ius Matrimoniale
|
2020
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1
65-83
EN
The study concerns the cases the author encountered in the Diocesan Tribunal when one of parties presents a petition for declaration of nullity of a marriage. The petitioner sometimes gives the other party’s false address, or even sometimes gives an address where he/she can collect the citation himself/herself. The author considers several possibilities of appealing against the sentence in such cases and analyzes the possibility of invoking the reasonable doubt as to validity of the sentence in the cases where the denial of the right of defense occurs.
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