Search results

1

Women in the Rural Social Structure: Aspects of Social Inequalities

100%

Michalska S.

Polish Sociological Review

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2020

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vol. 211

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issue 3

EN

The place of women in the rural social structure in Poland is changing as a result of transformations in the economic, educational, and behavioral spheres of social life. This article takes into account the growing differences in various types of rural communities in Poland. Three localities, each representing a different type of social structure, were studied: the intelligentsia and workers in the Koszalin area; workers in the Myszków area; and farmers in the Lubartów area. Quota samples of 120 households in each area were studied: 360 in all, with 797 individual interviews. The authors compared the social status of men and women, taking into account their level of education, occupational activity, social position, and income and its influence on how women evaluate themselves.

2

Evaluation of somatic and functional parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in rural women in Poland

100%

Ignasiak T., Ignasiak Z., Ziółkowska-Łajp E., Rożek K., Sławińska T., Skrzek A.

Anthropological Review

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2012

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vol. 75

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issue 2

107-116

EN

The aim of this study was the diagnosis of selected somatic parameters and functional parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems of rural women in Poland. The study involved a group of 95 rural women aged 35-60 years, staying in 3-week rehabilitation camps. The two groups of women were selected: younger (x=43 years), which did not exceed 50 years of age (n=48) and older (x=53 years) aged 50 years and older (n=47). The present study examines the measurement of the body height and weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and functional parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. For the evaluation of cardiovascular parameters, a 6 minute walk test was selected. Before the commencement of the test and in the first minute after it, the pulse and the blood pressure were measured. To assess the functional parameters of the respiratory system, the pattern of flow - volume curve was used. The test was performed with a Jaeger Flowscreen spirometer. The following parameters were determined: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and Tiffeneau index (FEV1 in% VC). Examined rural women were likely to be similar to their urban counterparts. BMI of women was significantly higher than peers. Older rural women are particularly at risk of obesity. Heart rate and blood pressure, when at resting and after exercise, were normal and alike in both in young and older women. As expected, younger women had significantly higher levels of respiratory parameters. PEF values in younger women were slightly below the normal limit, and in their older peers, this value was significantly below the normal limit.

3

Women's Contribution to Rural Development in Croatia: Roles, Participation and Obstacles

88%

Šikić-Mićanović L.

Eastern European Countryside

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2009

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vol. 15

75-90

EN

Unequal access to formal employment, decision-making power and social prestige can lead to vulnerabilities and social exclusion especially in rural areas. Feminist researchers and advocates for women assert that the preservation of agriculture, family farming and diverse rural culture in particular depend on the empowerment and participation of women (Hoff 1992, p. 79). In this paper, I attempt to evaluate rural/farm women's position and the extent of their vulnerability and social exclusion in an area of Slavonia in the eastern part of Croatia. Specifically, I use interview and fieldwork data to identify and elaborate their roles, participation in decision-making, and the obstacles/constraints that rural women face in these rural communities to evaluate the extent of their contribution to rural development. Further, it is my intention to explore if rural women represent an untapped resource in rural spaces that would contribute to rural development and raise the quality of life in these areas.

4

Wdowie wioski czernihowszczyzny. Sytuacja wiejskich kobiet w Ukrainie

88%

Doboszewska A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2020

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issue 24

78-94

EN

Problems with access to professional healthcare services have a negative impact on the health of women in Ukraine’s rural areas. The pilot program of prevention of civilisational diseases focused on educating rural women in providing first pre-medical aid and promoting a healthy lifestyle. The monitoring conducted with the use of sociological quantitative methods in 3 villages of the Czernihiv region was supplemented with in-depth autobiographical-narrative interviews based on the methodology of oral history. The interviews and their analysis, which followed Fritz Schütze’s method, were aimed at obtaining a picture of the conditions underlying the everyday lives of rural women, the dominant hierarchy of social relations and their conceptual structure. The collected data was used to build a system of social support in the villages. A collective biographical profile of the interviewees emerges from the analysis of the interviews, making explicit within the course of their lives the following themes: hunger, childhood and youth, labour, family life, transformation of the political system in the 1990s. On this basis, biographical action schemes are proposed, as well as institutional action patterns, trajectories understood as experiencing the external coercion, and more positive biographical transitions. The results indicate a decay of the traditional rural community, initiated by the oppressive system of soviet kolkhozs and completed through its transformation in the 1990s.

5

The Situation of Economic Activity of Female Rural Dwellers in the Research Perspective

88%

Psyk-Piotrowska E.

Polish Sociological Review

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2011

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vol. 172

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issue 4

447-466

EN

The study is devoted to sociological problems pertaining to the situation of women in the labour market. The problems were presented in the view of rural women themselves in relation to sociological literature and statistical data. The data which constitute the basis for the study are made up of 1600 questionnaires carried out on a nationwide sample of rural women as well as the reports from focus group interviews conducted with four groups of rural women. The study on ‘Rural women in the labour market. The diagnosis, conditions and prospects’ was carried out in 2007–2008 as a part of SOPHRD1.6 (b) project ‘The diagnosis of the social and professional situation of rural women in Poland” funded by ESF and implemented by the Polish Social Policy Association in cooperation with the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy. The objective of the research was to carry out a diagnosis and to indicate the reasons and the determinants of rural women’s activity and inactivity in the labour market. Researchers outlined independent variables regarded as potential indicators of economic activity, the sense of job security, inactivity and the plans concerning future employment. The indicators were grouped into seven sets: 1. variables related to the social standing of an individual 2. family situation 3. socialization patterns 4. socio-political activity 5. environment-related factors 6. educational activity 7. a subjective assessment of the local labour market. The paper focuses on a number of socio-demographic correlates that affect rural women’s labour market situation and merely outlines the presence of other variables that might be important from the point of view of professional activity of this group of women.

6

Analysing social networks in rural development: a gender approach

88%

Esparcia J., Serrano J. J.

International Review of Social Research

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 4

206-220

EN

Gender issues are of growing importance in the European and Spanish rural areas. The literature reflects that women have traditionally been linked to marginal positions in economic life, social activities and even political representation at the local level. Local development programs that have been implemented in Europe’s rural areas have had among its objectives the improvement of the articulation of local communities. To reach them, it has been fostered, among others, a gender perspective, promoting both productive activities led by women and their participation as stakeholders in the management and decision-making structures of such programmes. In this paper, we addressed this latter issue. The study focuses on a sample of 30 relevant social actors linked to the implementation of a rural development programme in the county of Rincón de Ademuz (Valencia, Spain) from the mid-1990s to recent date. Through Social Network Analysis, gender differences and women’s roles within the social network are studied in two differentiated periods. This analysis reveals that despite women representing a minority among the relevant stakeholders, their level of participation, prestige, position in the network, and frequency of relationships, among other indicators, are comparable with respect to those sustained by men. Therefore, it cannot be said, as reflected in some of the literature, that women tend to occupy marginal positions in the structure of social relations of local development programs.

7

Mieszkanki wsi wobec zarządzania gminą

63%

Marks-Krzyszkowska M.

Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka

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2021

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vol. 116

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issue 4

75-89

EN

One of the public activity forms by rural women is participation in the local community management processes, although traditionally women’s role in this sphere has been marginal. The latter can be partially explained by people’s attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, views, and opinions. The aim of this article is to present rural women’s attitudes to the co-management of their commune (in Polish: gmina) in three dimensions: cognitive (ideas and knowledge about management), behavioural (interest, willingness to participate, and participation in management), and emotional (evaluation of and satisfaction with the actions of authorities, trust in these entities). The unfolding analysis is based on a study conducted in selected gminas in Poland’s Łódzkie Voivodeship on a sample of 700 people as part of the ‘Management Models and Their Determinants in Rural Communes’ project co-financed by the National Science Centre. The studied women were not willing to participate in management, adopted passive and conservative attitudes, and accepted the model of management through representation rather than co-management. These results seem to contradict the theses about women’s high potential for participation in co-management. This finding is not a good prognosis for the future, as it may constitute yet another barrier in the development of a more participatory and democratic concept of rural management.

8

Przedsiębiorczość kobiet wiejskich w obszarze technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych – doświadczenia uczestniczek niemieckiego projektu modelowego

63%

Bajer M.

Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego

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2009

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vol. 58

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issue 3

57-66

EN

This article presents the results of a survey conducted in 2009 on a group of participants of the German pilot project “IT-Landfrauen” (“IT- rural women”). The survey has been conducted on rural women providing services (chargeable and as activity for the German Association of Rural Women) in the area of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Based on own experiences of respondents and on their cooperation with other female entrepreneurs in rural areas, this article presents barriers and motivators of rural female entrepreneurship in the area of ICT and conditions of further development and possible support measures for the entrepreneurship perceived by respondents.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego w 2009 r. wśród uczestniczek niemieckiego projektu modelowego „IT-kobiety wiejskie”. Badaniem objęto kobiety świadczące (odpłatnie i w ramach Niemieckiego Związku Kobiet Wiejskich) usługi w obszarze technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych (ICT). Na podstawie doświadczeń własnych respondentek i ich wniosków ze współpracy z innymi wiejskimi przedsiębiorczyniami, w artykule przedstawiono bariery i motywatory wiejskiej przedsiębiorczości kobiet w obszarze ICT, a także opinie respondentek na temat warunków dalszego rozwoju i możliwości wsparcia tej przedsiębiorczości.

9

Idea współzarządzania – szansa czy ograniczenie uczestnictwa publicznego kobiet na wsi

63%

Marks-Krzyszkowska M., Linka J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica

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2019

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issue 68

81-91

EN

The paper looks at whether the concept of new rural governance, allows traditionally marginalized women in the public sphere to participate in communes management. The study are based on the analysis of international literature on this subject and focus on determining the scope of participation in the broadly understood governance of the commune and the possible causes of its limitations. As a conclusion, although women’s participation in commune management has been nominally increasing, it is often limited to participation without real influence and often has an illusory character.

PL

Celem artykułu jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy realizowana na obszarach wiejskich koncepcja współzarządzania (tzw. new rural governance) umożliwia, tradycyjnie marginalizowanym w sferze publicznej, kobietom udział we współzarządzaniu gminą. Rozważania opierają się na przeglądzie międzynarodowej literatury przedmiotu i koncentrują się na określeniu zakresu uczestnictwa w szeroko rozumianym współzarządzaniu gminą i ewentualnych przyczyn jego ograniczeń. Jak wynika z analiz, mimo że zakres partycypacji kobiet we współzarządzaniu gminą nominalnie zwiększa się, to realnie często jest ograniczony do uczestnictwa bez możliwości wpływu na decyzje i nierzadko ma fasadowy charakter.

10

Ile wiemy o mieszkankach wsi? Krytyczny przegląd stanu badań nad kobietami wiejskimi w Polsce

63%

Olejarczyk K.

Zeszyty Wiejskie

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2022

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vol. 28

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issue 2

101-124

EN

This article explores the literature state of Polish research on rural women from 1990 until now. Not only the subject matter is presented here, but also some methodological trends in scientific writing. The main point of this paper is to find gaps in the literature and to propose some new ways and tools in research, the implementation of which will enable the more detailed exploration of the issue.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł omawia stan polskich badań nad kobietami wiejskimi z okresu od 1990 r. do dziś. Przedstawiono tu nie tylko tematykę publikowanych opracowań, ale także zwrócono uwagę na trendy metodologiczne w naukowych eksploracjach zagadnienia. Głównym celem pracy jest dostrzeżenie niedostatków i luk w literaturze przedmiotu oraz zaprezentowanie możliwych perspektyw i narzędzi badawczych, których wprowadzenie umożliwi dokładniejsze zbadanie zagadnienia codzienności kobiet ze wsi.

11

Political participation of rural female leaders involved in the work of local action groups

63%

Zajda K.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2014

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issue 4(34)

233-244

EN

The subject of the article is political participation of rural female leaders involved in the work of local action groups. Previous analyses (disregarding the sex category) proved that the members of those organisations are politically active, but did not show whether women involved in their work were active (and if so, to what extent) – especially in the context of the low level of political participation of women living in villages. The aim was to provide the answer to the question whether the political activity of female members of local action groups can influence the form of local political relations. The article presents the results of sociological research involving a direct survey in Wielkopolskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships carried out in 2012 on the sample of 125 female members of local action groups. The majority of them displayed an average level of political participation. What distinguished the respondents against the background of women living in the country was their critical attitude to the local authorities. Many of them declared the will to stand for the next self-governmental election, among others to change the commune management.

PL

Przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule jest partycypacja polityczna liderek wiejskich zaangażowanych w prace lokalnych grup działania. Dotychczasowe analizy (nie uwzględniające kategorii płci) dowodziły, iż członkowie tych organizacji są aktywni politycznie, jednak nie wskazywały, czy aktywne (i w jakim stopniu) są kobiety zaangażowane w ich prace – zwłaszcza w kontekście niskiego poziomu partycypacji politycznej kobiet zamieszkujących wieś. Dążono do udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy aktywność polityczna członkiń lokalnych grup działania może wpłynąć na kształt lokalnych stosunków politycznych. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań socjologicznych przeprowadzonych za pomocą ankiety rozdawanej w województwie wielkopolskim i podkarpackim w 2012 roku na próbie 125 członkiń lokalnych grup działania. Większość z nich charakteryzowała się średnim poziomem partycypacji politycznej. Respondentki wyróżniały się na tle kobiet zamieszkujących wieś swoją krytyczną postawą wobec lokalnych władz. Wiele z nich deklarowało chęć kandydowania w następnych wyborach samorządowych, chcąc m.in. dokonywać zmian w zarządzaniu gminą.

12

Edukacyjna rola „Przyjaciółki” w życiu kobiet wiejskich PRL-u w latach 1956–1975, ss. 269

63%

Zajko-Czochańska J.

Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych

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2022

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issue 2(13)

231-238

EN

Self-report of the doctoral dissertation entitled The educational role of “Friend” in the life of rural women in the People’s Republic of Poland in the years 1956–1975 written under the supervision of prof. dr hab. Małgorzata Dajnowicz presents the activities of the most popular women’s magazine published during the People’s Republic of Poland for the dissemination of knowledge among rural women. The author presents the cognitive purpose of the work, research questions, sources used in the doctoral dissertation, as well as research methods. The self-report presents the structure of the dissertation along with a synthetic discussion of each of the chapters of the work, as well as the final conclusions contained in the dissertation.

PL

Autoreferat rozprawy doktorskiej pt. Edukacyjna rola „Przyjaciółki” w życiu kobiet wiejskich PRL-u w latach 1956‒1975 napisanej pod kierunkiem prof. dr hab. Małgorzaty Dajnowicz prezentuje działania najpopularniejszego czasopisma kobiecego wydawanego w okresie Polski Ludowej na rzecz upowszechniania wiedzy wśród kobiet wiejskich. Autorka przedstawia cel poznawczy pracy, pytania badawcze, wykorzystane w dysertacji doktorskiej źródła, a także metody badawcze. W autoreferacie zaprezentowano strukturę rozprawy wraz z syntetycznym omówieniem każdego z rozdziałów pracy, a także wnioski końcowe zawarte w dysertacji.

13

Milcząca nieobecność. Uczestnictwo polityczne kobiet na obszarach wiejskich

51%

Pięta-Szawara A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica

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2019

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issue 68

17-31

EN

The aim of the analysis was to determine the political activity of rural women understood as participation in local self-government structures and auxiliary units. The hypothesis that the probability of success in the public sphere of rural women is lower compared to women living in the city was verified. The most common barriers hindering their political participation were established. We found that the most significant were objective external factors, i.e.: family responsibilities, the patriarchal family model, reluctant attitudes of the environment towards women engaging in public life and numerous stereotypes. The possibilities of acting in the public sphere are also limited by the rural women deficits, i.e. their lower education in comparison with women from cities and lack of self-reliance on their own abilities. Family traditions play significant supporting factors. In the presented paper, the author focused on two, the most important trends related to the participation of rural women in public life/sphere. The first is the systematic increase in the share of women among candidates and councilors of rural and urban-rural municipalities. The second one, the increasing number of women in the group of village leaders (Polish: sołtys). The analysis presented in the article allows to conclude that in comparison with other decision-making levels, the participation of women in public life is visible at the lowest level, i.e. councils of rural and urban-rural municipalities, as well as in auxiliary units of municipalities – villages where they act as a village administrators.

PL

Celem podjętej analizy było ustalenie, jak kształtuje się aktywność polityczna mieszkanek wsi, rozumiana jako udział w lokalnych strukturach samorządowych i jednostkach pomocniczych. Poddano weryfikacji hipotezę mówiącą, że prawdopodobieństwo odniesienia sukcesu w sferze publicznej przez kobiety wiejskie jest niższe w porównaniu z kobietami mieszkającymi w mieście, oraz ustalono najczęstsze bariery utrudniające im partycypację polityczną. Wskazano, że największe znaczenie mają obiektywne czynniki zewnętrzne, tj.: obowiązki rodzinne, patriarchalny model rodziny, niechętne postawy otoczenia wobec kobiet angażujących się w życie publiczne oraz liczne stereotypy. Możliwości działania w sferze publicznej ograniczają także niższe wykształcenie mieszkanek wsi w porównaniu z kobietami z miast oraz, niejednokrotnie, brak przekonania o własnych możliwościach. Rolę istotnych czynników wspierających pełnią natomiast tradycje rodzinne. W prezentowanym artykule, spośród interesujących trendów związanych z partycypacją publiczną kobiet wiejskich, omówiono dwa, zdaniem autorki, najważniejsze. Pierwszym jest systematyczny wzrost udziału kobiet wśród kandydatów oraz radnych gmin wiejskich i miejsko-wiejskich. Drugim – zwiększenie liczby kobiet w gronie sołtysów. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła stwierdzić, że w porównaniu z innymi poziomami decyzyjnymi to właśnie na najniższym z nich, tj. w radach gmin, a także w jednostkach pomocniczych gmin (sołectwach), gdzie działają sołtysi, występuje najsilniejsza reprezentacja kobiet.

Refine search results

Women in the Rural Social Structure: Aspects of Social Inequalities

Evaluation of somatic and functional parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in rural women in Poland

Women's Contribution to Rural Development in Croatia: Roles, Participation and Obstacles

Wdowie wioski czernihowszczyzny. Sytuacja wiejskich kobiet w Ukrainie

The Situation of Economic Activity of Female Rural Dwellers in the Research Perspective

Analysing social networks in rural development: a gender approach

Mieszkanki wsi wobec zarządzania gminą

Przedsiębiorczość kobiet wiejskich w obszarze technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych – doświadczenia uczestniczek niemieckiego projektu modelowego

Idea współzarządzania – szansa czy ograniczenie uczestnictwa publicznego kobiet na wsi

Ile wiemy o mieszkankach wsi? Krytyczny przegląd stanu badań nad kobietami wiejskimi w Polsce

Political participation of rural female leaders involved in the work of local action groups

Edukacyjna rola „Przyjaciółki” w życiu kobiet wiejskich PRL-u w latach 1956–1975, ss. 269

Milcząca nieobecność. Uczestnictwo polityczne kobiet na obszarach wiejskich