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EN
The paper is devoted to those morphonological and phonetic phenomena that may aspire to the role of indicators of stronger morphological boundaries in Polish. The author is inclined towards H. Andersen’s view, whose definition of sandhi as a conventionalized phenomenon excludes a series of surface phenomena and, effectively, includes no more than the so-called voicing sandhi.
Bohemistyka
|
2020
|
issue 2
153-165
EN
The object of the investigation is sandhi in the modern Czech language based on phonetic research of Czech corpus of spoken language – ORTOFON. In the Czech Standard norm word-final obstruents undergo devoicing before initial sonant of the following word. The research showed that the standard norm does not reflect fully the modern language situation. In the modern Czech language the word-final obstruents may undergo voicing before initial sonant. The frequency of voiced word-final obstruents before initial sonant in analyzed material was very high.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest sandhi w języku czeskim, analiza zjawiska oparta na materiale wyekscerpowanym z czeskiego korpusu języka mówionego ORTOFON. Norma literackiego języka czeskiego na granicy międzywyrazowej dopuszcza wyłącznie realizację bezdźwięcznego wygłosowego obstruentu przed nagłosowym sonantem. Przeprowadzone badania pokazują, że w języku czeskim dochodzi do częstych odstępstw od istniejącej normy literackiej. Na granicy międzywyrazowej rejestruje się wymówienia z udźwięczniającą spółgłoską w wygłosie przed nagłosowym sonantem. Odstępstwo od normy jest bardzo wysokie.  
Językoznawstwo
|
2022
|
vol. 17
|
issue 2
219-228
EN
The object of the investigation is sandhi in the modern Czech language based on phonetic research of Czech corpus of spoken language – ORTOFON v2. In the Czech Standard norm word-final obstruents undergo devoicing before initial sonant of the following word. However, we have a different situation in case of word final voiced obstruents in prepositions before initial sonant in Czech language. The realization of word final obstruents in prepositions is always voiced before initial sonant. The frequency of devoiced realizations of word-final obstruents before initial sonant in analysed material was very low. The research showed that the devoicing of word final obstruents in prepositions before initial sonant is primarily noted in slower-paced speech when the preposition is less closely related to the adjacent word.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest sandhi w języku czeskim, analiza zjawiska oparta na materiale wyekscerpowanym z czeskiego korpusu języka mówionego ORTOFON v2. Norma literackiego języka czeskiego na granicy międzywyrazowej dopuszcza wyłącznie realizację bezdźwięcznego wygłosowego obstruentu przed nagłosowym sonantem. Inną sytuację obserwujemy na granicy przyimka jednosylabowego pierwotnego i wyrazu z nagłosowym sonantem, gdzie norma czeskiego języka literackiego dopuszcza wyłącznie realizację dźwięczną obstruentu w wygłosie przyimka. Frekwencja realizacji bezdźwięcznej obstruentu wygłosowego przyimka jest rzadka a realizacje takie odnotowuje się w wolniejszym tempie wypowiedzi, kiedy przyimek słabiej wiąże się z sąsiednim wyrazem albo też realizacje takie mogą być związane z lekceważeniem zasad ortoepicznych języka czeskiego.
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EN
The aim of the paper is to explore the internal structure of English liquids. This is done by analysing some processes, both diachronic and synchronic, in which liquids are the leading actors. Thus we discuss historical liquid vocalization together with the vocalic developments in the preliquid position. Moreover, we look at two sandhi phenomena of liquid-zero alternations, i.e. linking and intrusion in two varieties of English recorded in southern England and north-eastern United States. We address the questions concerning the distribution, representation and interaction of liquids with the preceding vowel and explain the mechanics behind the liquid-zero alternations.
EN
Acoustic phonetic studies examine the L1 of Polish speakers with professional level proficiency in English. The studies include two tasks, a production task carried out entirely in Polish and a phonetic code-switching task in which speakers insert target Polish words or phrases into an English carrier. Additionally, two phonetic parameters are studied: the oft-investigated VOT, as well as glottalization vs. sandhi linking of wordinitial vowels. In monolingual Polish mode, L2 interference was observed for the VOT parameter, but not for sandhi linking. It is suggested that this discrepancy may be related to the differing phonological status of the two phonetic parameters. In the code-switching tasks, VOTs were on the whole more English-like than in monolingual mode, but this appeared to be a matter of individual performance. An increase in the rate of sandhi linking in the code-switches, except for the case of one speaker, appeared to be a function of accelerated production of L1 target items.
PL
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the assimilation in terms of voicing on the border between words in Macedonian and in Romanian. Although the compared languages belong to different language families, the pronunciation of the obstruental segments in this position is similar. In both Romanian andMacedonian, a regular regressive assimilation is observed on the border between two words. In Macedonian, the voiced obstruent at the end of a word can be pronounced as a voiced or a voiceless before a resonant at the beginning of the next word. It is important that more often the voiced obstruent at the end of the word loses voicing before a vowel in the initial position than before a sonant. In Romanian, before a resonant in the initial position, the voiced obstruent in the final position of the word in front of it is pronounced voiced. The voiceless obstruent on the border between words can be pronounced as a voiced if it occurs before a sonant in the initial position of the next word. This is an optional phenomenon like the voiceless pronunciation of the voiced obstruent before a resonant on the border of two words in Macedonian. As one can see, in both languages, obstruents at the end of a word behave differently before initial vowels and sonants on the inter-word border.
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