Search results

1

Glocal Arabic online: The case of 3arabizi

100%

Bianchi R. M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2012

|

vol. 2

|

issue 4

483-503

EN

The term glocal has been used to describe phenomena that simultaneously blend both global and local elements (see Featherstone, Lash, & Robertson, 1995, p. 101). Nowhere is this more evident than in the existence of 3arabizi, itself a blended language composed of English and Vernacular Arabic, written in Latin letters but using arithmographemes, that is, numerals as letters to represent hard-to-transliterate sounds because they do not exist in English (see Bianchi, 2012).1 As part of a doctoral study investigating online language choice involving Arabic and English, this paper examines the unique stylistic and topical functions of 3 arabizi when compared with its linguistic forbears, that is, Arabic and English in a multilingual web forum. The findings indicate that 3arabizi is used for more informal, intimate and phatic communication than either Arabic or English, though these latter two languages or codes are not entirely formal in form and purpose either.

2

Intertextuelle Relevanz bei Franz Kafk

100%

Sadziński R., Universität Łódź P. F.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2014

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vol. 10

PL

Teksty są co najmniej w dwójnasób transcendentne. Z jednej strony poprzez język, tworzywo tekstu, który konstytuując się w diachronii i funkcjonując w synchronii, transcenduje (transzendiert) – żeby użyć sformułowania Karla Jaspersa – (za)przeszłą rzeczywistość w postaci powstałych wtedy znaków i ich znaczeń w nieznaną z tamtej perspektywy przyszłość, a więc i w naszą teraźniejszość. Z drugiej zaś istniejące już teksty wchodzą z sobą w interakcję, co powoduje, że tworzą się niejako hiperteksty w czasie i w przestrzeni. Jest jeszcze i trzeci wymiar – to autor tekstu i czytelnik (każdy z osobna), którym tekst pozwala – jak mówi Gerhard Kurz – wyjść „poza siebie”, bo tylko wtedy odczuwamy potrzebę powrotu do „własnego ja”, odrzucając po drodze kolejną maskę (gr.łac. persona). W artykule pokazano to na przykładzie tekstów Franza Kafki. Spośród wielu poruszonych tam wątków ograniczmy się tutaj jedynie do toposu syren, które zniewalały żeglarzy swym śpiewem. U Kafki syreny już definitywnie nie śpiewają, wobec czego Odyseusz niepotrzebnie kazał zatykać sobie uszy woskiem. Kafka stawia tylko kropkę nad i, bo już i we wcześniejszej literaturze niemieckiej ten śpiew cichł coraz bardziej. I tak w znanej pieśni Heinego Loreley poeta już nie jest pewny skuteczności śpiewu syren – on jedynie chce w to wierzyć: „Wierzę, że fale w końcu pochłoną i żeglarza i łódź”. Bo w czasach nihilizmu śpiew – i sztuka w ogóle – traci swą moc. W balladzie Rybak Goethego syrena wprawdzie jeszcze tryumfuje, ale to nie za sprawą śpiewu. Śpiew bowiem dominuje w drugiej zwrotce („Śpiewała do niego, mówiła do niego”), natomiast rybak pogrąża się w odmętach morza dopiero w czwartej zwrotce, gdzie dominuje perswazja słowna („Mówiła do niego, śpiewała do niego”). Ta inwersja – notabene brak jej w polskim tłumaczeniu Hanny Januszewskiej w Dziełach wybranych J. W. Goethego (PIW 1983) – nie mogła być u Goethego przypadkowa: symbolizuje ona typową dla lustrzanego odbicia odwróconą proporcję – rybak tak naprawdę ujrzał własne odbicie w wodzie, biorąc je za postać syreny. Śmierć w odmętach morza była ceną za brak samowiedzy. Nie darmo zatem napis na świątyni Apollina w Delfach głosił: „Γνῶθι σεαυτόν (Gnothi seauton) – Poznaj samego siebie”.

EN

Texts are transcendental in a at least two ways. On one hand, they are transcendental through the language – the substance of texts – which by constituting diachronic relationships and functioning in synchrony transcend – to use Karl Jaspers’ term – past reality in the form of the then existing signs and their meanings into future then unknown from that perspective, and thus also the present as known to us. On the other hand, texts interact with each other and as it were, create hypertexts in time and space. There also exists a third dimension – the author and the reader (each independently) whom the text allows, to quote Gerhard Kurz, to go ‘beyond oneself’ because only then we experience the need to return to ‘one’s own I’, rejecting on the way a successive mask (Greek and Latin persona). In this article the concept is illustrated in the context of Franz Kafka’s texts. Among the multitude of themes presented, let us limit ourselves to the topos of the Sirens who lured sailors with their singing. In Kafka’s works the Sirens no longer sing, so Odysseus need not have asked to have his ears blocked with wax. At that point Kafka only completed the process of change, for already earlier in German literature the singing had grown quieter and quieter. Thus in Heine’s wellknown song “Loreley” the poet is no longer convinced about the effectiveness of the mermaid’s singing – he only wishes to believe in it: “I think that the waves will devour the boatman and the boat as one” (as translated by A.Z. Foreman). Because in times of nihilism the singing – and art in general – had lost their power. In Goethe’s “Fisherman” the mermaid still triumphs, but not because of her singing. Her song dominates in the second verse (“She sang to him, she spoke to him” as translated by John Storer Cobb), but the fisherman immerses himself in the abyss of the sea only in the fourth verse which is dominated by verbal persuasion (“She spoke to him, she sang to him”). This inversion – nota bene lacking in the Polish translation by Hanna Januszewska in “Dzieła wybrane” J.W. Goethe (PIW 1983) – could not have been accidental: it symbolizes the reversed image typical of a mirror reflection – in reality the fisherman had seen his own reflection in the water and mistook it for the image of a mermaid. His death in the abyss of the sea was a price paid for lack of selfknowledge. It was not without reason that the inscription on the Temple of Apollo in Delphi read: “Γνῶθι σεαυτόν (Gnothi seauton) – Know thyself!”.

3

“ANNA KARENINA”- T. STOPPARD VS. L. TOLSTOY

100%

Gurina E.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

|

2018

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vol. 9

|

issue 2

218-225

EN

Aim. The aim of the research is to compare Konstantin Levin’s function in the film Anna Karenina(2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Kareninaby Leo Tolstoy and to determine how much his figure was changed in the film adaptation under the influence of the scriptwriter’s and director’s stance. Methods. The subjects of the study were the film Anna Karenina (2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy. They are analysed with the use of the theory of script writing, different types of character classifications and the text corpus analysis, taking into account the cultural, historical and economic features of scriptwriting and film production. Results. The analysis shows that Konstantin Levin’s function of the second protagonist that is characteristic for the novel is further developed in the screenplay but is omitted in the film. The discrepancies with the source book and the screenplay are caused by the influence of the film director during the film production. Conclusions. Even though the study considers the texts that are closely interrelated, the individual author’s stance influences the text of the screenplay so much that it gives us an opportunity to call Tom Stoppard, the scriptwriter, a writer in the full sense of the word.

4

Glocal Arabic online: The case of 3arabizi

100%

Bianchi R. M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2012

|

vol. 2

|

issue 4

483-503

EN

The term glocal has been used to describe phenomena that simultaneously blend both global and local elements (see Featherstone, Lash, & Robertson, 1995, p. 101). Nowhere is this more evident than in the existence of 3arabizi, itself a blended language composed of English and Vernacular Arabic, written in Latin letters but using arithmographemes, that is, numerals as letters to represent hard-to-transliterate sounds because they do not exist in English (see Bianchi, 2012).1 As part of a doctoral study investigating online language choice involving Arabic and English, this paper examines the unique stylistic and topical functions of 3 arabizi when compared with its linguistic forbears, that is, Arabic and English in a multilingual web forum. The findings indicate that 3arabizi is used for more informal, intimate and phatic communication than either Arabic or English, though these latter two languages or codes are not entirely formal in form and purpose either.

5

Paradygmat i suspens. O dramaturgii scenariusza filmowego

100%

Otto W.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

|

2015

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vol. 16

|

issue 25

73-84

EN

Paradigm and Suspense. Th e Dramaturgy of a Film Script Film scripts have a dramaturgical structure, i.e. a specific format comprising a particular number of scenes written in a predetermined order. Its vital elements are a three-act structure and two plot twists. It is also characterized by the development of tension, intended to lead to a constant rise in emotions as the story advances. The dramaturgy of the scenes and their sequence are built in many ways, the main two being suspense and delay. These are used to suspend action, slow it down in order to achieve an element of surprise, and to raise emotions in forthcoming scenes.

6

Handwriting in diagnostic perspective

100%

Kučera D., Havigerová J.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2011

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vol. 5

|

issue 2-3

1-8

EN

This article deals with applied psychology of handwriting, in particular with the use of graphology. In addition to a basic summary of contemporary approaches in the area, selected researches and foreign studies are evaluated. The article also presents results of the PORP research (Projection of Personality Traits in Handwriting, University of South Bohemia 2007) aimed at the evaluation of psychodiagnostic potential of handwriting analysis using 5-factor personality model (Big Five) and comments upon graphological methodology PORP-GRAF and possibilities of further development of the method within psychodiagnostical disciplines.

7

Leer cine: Alatriste como estrategia didáctica para la escritura

100%

Ventura P. Ú.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2017

|

vol. 16

303-318

EN

This study attempts to review and analyze a number of grammatical issues related to activities after the reading of Alatriste’s film script, in the Spanish classroom for students of Translation and International Relations, and, in that way, to develop their writing abilities. We propose a descriptive methodology whereby a selection of scenes from the script in question is used in order deepen the textual properties through cognitive and creative participation on the part of the receiver.

8

Kształtowanie skryptu w kulturze szkoły jako zapobieganie zachowań ryzykownych dzieci i młodzieży - w kierunku profilaktyki pozytywnej

86%

Kania S.

Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna

|

2019

|

issue 8

45-59

EN

The main aim of the article is to present of the school culture and its importance to the effectiveness of preventive interventions at school. I refer in my thinking to the assumptions of positive prophylaxis, opposed to negative prophylaxis. It also draws attention to the possible consequences of accepted teacher protection beliefs on student behavior and prevention activities at school. The article is completed by postulates, dedicated in particular to organizations supporting schools in the relation of prevention activities

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja kultury szkoły i jej znaczenie dla skuteczności oddziaływań profilaktycznych w szkole. Autor odwołuje się w swych rozważaniach do założeń profilaktyki pozytywnej, przeciwstawiając ją profilaktyce negatywnej. Zwraca również uwagę na możliwe konsekwencje przyjętych przekonań nauczycieli dotyczących zachowania uczniów oraz działalność profilaktycznej w szkoły. Artykuł zakończony jest postulatami, dedykowanymi w szczególności dla organizacji wspierających szkoły w relacji działań profilaktycznych.

9

Nadanie imienia – początek biografii a skrypt

86%

Gębuś D., Jagieła J.

Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna

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2016

|

issue 5

179–197

EN

The article analyses the influence of a particular name on the individual's life and the development of his script. It contains the examples taken from psychotherapeutic practice and the results of the study conducted on a group of students, which reveal that most of them believe that their name have been chosen purposefully (56,4%). Thus, it can be assumed that when parents chose names for their children, they have a concrete intention in mind, which may include the performance of certain tasks, the pressure to adopt certain roles or the expectations of certain behaviours. All this leads to the development of a particular life script.

10

Женщина во фрейме-сценарии русских паремий

86%

Olechno-Wasiluk J.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2019

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vol. 44

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issue 2

187-194

RU

The paper analyses the image of woman in the interpretative frame of Russian paremias. The author asks a number of questions: What role does the woman play in society and family? How is she treated by her husband? How do they treat their children? Who is the woman juxtaposed with? Who is she compared to? Answering these questions the author tries to reconstruct the image of woman functioning in the Russian awareness. This is the image passed from generation to generation in proverbs and sayings, which are the products of language, culture and awareness.

11

Interscript comparison of handwriting features leading to their identification and authorship

86%

Kaur A., Singh M., Jasuja O. P.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2017

|

vol. 45

15-36

EN

Identification of handwriting found on the disputed document by comparison with the known handwriting samples of the suspect still comprise the problem which is most commonly referred to a forensic document examiner. One of the important scientifically established principles which govern such analysis and identification is the ‘Principle of Comparison’ which explicitly states that, for obtaining correct results, like has to be compared with like; meaning thereby that the expert has to analyze and rely upon similar letters and combinations between the questioned and the standard handwriting samples and, consequently, the problems where similar handwriting samples in the same script have not been provided for comparison; usually fall outside the scope of forensic document examination. However, in this field, like any other human activity; perfect and ideal conditions are hard to achieve. Handwriting, being acquired skill and neuro-muscular controlled motor activity, its basic elements like the horizontal stroke, vertical stroke, loops, curves and arches etc., are combined together to form letters and alphabets of all the scripts. The question then arises — whether inter-script comparison of handwriting samples can be attempted leading to some limited or qualified conclusions. Thus, if it becomes possible and practicable to examine and compare the basic elements of questioned handwriting in one script, say Devanagri with the similar elements found in specimen/ admitted handwriting samples in another script by the same writer, say Gurmukhi, (because sample handwritings in Devanagri could not be procured for whatsoever reasons); the scope of examination can be widened further and expert may be in a position to express some opinion (regarding their common authorship or otherwise), which may be found worthwhile to the investigating agency or the court of law, thereby helping in the administration of justice ultimately. To the best of our knowledge, not much research is available, where writings produced in different scripts by the same writer could be compared, thereby leading to a definite opinion on the issue of their common authorship or otherwise. In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore this issue by taking writing samples of the same writer in three scripts, having knowledge of all the three commonly used languages, i.e., English, Hindi, and Punjabi, corresponding to the said scripts (i.e., Roman, Devanagari and Gurumukhi). Three hundred sixty (360) writing samples were obtained from as many as (40) individuals appropriately skilled in writing, reading and speaking these languages/ scripts. Careful study and evaluation of the basic elements of written strokes whose execution were found to be similar in all the three scripts has been carried out indicating the possibility of ‘Script Independent Comparison’. Limitations of the proposed study have also been discussed in the paper.

12

Hieroglyfické písmo

86%

Dvořák T.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

|

2017

|

vol. 39

|

issue 1

83-107

EN

The article discusses and critically reinterprets Carlo Ginzburg’s concept of the indexical paradigm in human sciences. It situates the method of reading insignificant details as indicators of an imperceptible reality into historical, cultural and technical context through examples of medical diagnosis and art connoisseurship. It traces links between the development of literacy, script, and graphology in the 19th century and the emergence of technical forms of inscription (self-registering instrument), which brought new methods of interpretation and analysis into many fields and challenged traditional boundaries between natural, social, and human sciences.

CS

Studie komentuje a kriticky rozvádí Ginzburgovu koncepci indexického paradigmatu ve vědách o člověku. Zasazuje metodu čtení vedlejších detailů coby indikátorů nějaké přímo nepřístupné skutečnosti do historického, kulturního a zejm. technického kontextu na příkladech proměn lékařské diagnostiky či znalectví umění. Sleduje souvislosti mezi vývojem gramotnosti, písmových forem a grafologických postupů v 19. století a nástup technických forem zápisu (sebe-registračních aparátů), který vnesl do řady oborů nové postupy interpretace a analýzy a zproblematizoval tradiční hranice mezi přírodními, sociálními a humanitními vědami.

13

Persona revisited : filling in the gaps via the original script

86%

Švachová R.

Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)

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2019

|

vol. 22

|

issue 1

13-30

EN

In this article, I compare Bergman's original script of Persona with its final film version and discuss several differences between the two. I focus on three larger alternations, namely on omitting several of Elizabeth's replicas or transferring them to Alma as well as on a complete change of the ending scene. I speculate on how the dialogue and the scene would have changed the film if the director had not decided to modify or omit them, suggest possible reasons for such steps having been taken, and present arguments for how Bergman shifted to cinematic modernism and turned away from psychologizing during the process of making Persona. Furthermore, I breakdown and analyse the script version of the middle sequence of Persona, using positioning theory to uncover the motives behind Alma's and Elizabeth's verbal actions, and respectively the refusal of such action.

14

Ważyk – Ford – Starski. Historia pewnego scenariusza

75%

Małgorzata Hendrykowska M. H.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

|

2019

|

vol. 26

|

issue 35

35-61

EN

The article presents the complicated story of a script, originally titled “ID Card”, was written in mid-1948 by Adam Ważyk. Had the script been approved for production, it would have been one of the first Polish post-war feature films. However, this did not happen. Apart from Adam Ważyk, Aleksander Ford, Jan Fethke and Ludwik Starski also worked on subsequent versions of the script. Due to complex political circumstances, none of the versions presented was approved by decision-makers. The author presents subsequent versions of the script which change along with social and political changes in Poland. The last version entitled “False Papers”, written by Ludwik Starski in 1968, contains clear elements of an action film. However, this was not a good time for this type of production. Over a period of 20 years, the script of “False Papers” underwent a peculiar metamorphosis: from a political pamphlet, to a didactic story, and finally, an action film with an unexplained mystery and war in the background. None of these versions became a film.

15

Makro- und Mikrotypographie im Titelkopf der „Oberschlesischen Nachrichten“ und ihrer Folgezeitungen

72%

Pelka D.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

|

2015

|

vol. 140

195 - 210

EN

The description of the headlines of some selected issues of Oberschlesische Nachrichten, and its successor newspapers, as the only present newspaper of the German minority in Poland, is the starting point and the basis for answering the question, which features of the micro- and macrotypography exert an influence (and what kind) on the reception of the signs which are to be found in them. The analysis shows that not only the significance of the speech signs plays an important part as far as the delivery of specified information is concerned. It also emphasizes that their visual form, their distribution on the space available, or their combination with non-speech signs is vital. They all have a different affective effect on the reader and cause different reception of the prevailing headline.

16

Zastosowanie podejścia skoncentrowanego na rozwiązaniach we wzmacnianiu stanu Ja-Dorosłego

72%

Klimkowska K.

Edukacyjna Analiza Transakcyjna

|

2018

|

issue 7

85–98

PL

Z perspektywy analizy transakcyjnej człowiek, aby móc funkcjonować i rozwijać się optymalnie, powinien dysponować właściwie ukształtowanymi, pozostającymi w równowadze trzema stanami osobowości – wewnętrznym Rodzicem, Dorosłym i Dzieckiem. Przy czym o równowadze tej w przeważającej mierze decyduje wewnętrzny Dorosły. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie punktów wspólnych analizy transakcyjnej i podejścia skoncentrowanego na rozwiązaniach jako orientacji pracy pomocowej i edukacyjnej z osobą dorosłą oraz możliwości włączania zasobów obu podejść w pracy nad osiąganiem przez klientów celów życiowych poprzez wzmacnianie stanu Ja-Dorosły. Wykorzystywanie w pracy z klientem technik AT i PSR sprzyja wzmacnianiu i aktualizowaniu potencjału i sprawczości osoby, co przekłada się na poczucie satysfakcji, zadowolenia i szczęścia. Przedstawione w niniejszym opracowaniu propozycje wykorzystywania AT i PSR we wzmacnianiu stanu Ja-Dorosłego odzwierciedlają doświadczenia pomocowe autorki w tym zakresie.

EN

In Transactional Analysis, optimal human functioning and development are ensured when the equilibrium of three properly developed ego-states, the Parent, the Adult and the Child, is maintained. The equilibrium relies predominantly on the functioning of the Adult. The aim of this article is to explore potential points of convergence between Translational Analysis (TA) and Solution-Focused Approach (SFA). Both approaches focus on help and educational work with adults. Thus, a question arises if the resources available in both approaches can be jointly used when working with clients on their life objectives through strengthening their Adult ego-state. Mixed application of AT and SFA fosters the increase and development of the potential and agency, which leads to a sense of satisfaction, well-being and happiness. The proposal to use TA and SFA together in order to strengthen the Adult ego-state of the client is drawn from the author’s own experience as helper.

17

Lexicography of the Tibetan Language with Special Reference to the “Wörterbuch der tibetischen Schriftsprache”

72%

Maurer P.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

|

2018

|

issue 2

18

Writing systems as modular objects: proposals for theory design in grapholinguistics

72%

Neef M.

Open Linguistics

|

2014

|

vol. 1

|

issue 1

EN

This paper gives an outline of the Modular Theory of Writing Systems by answering the question: what are the elements or modules that are necessary for a writing system to work? A writing system is a notational system for a natural language. Based on this characterization, it is obvious that a necessary component of a writing system is a specific language system. What eventually constitutes a writing system in addition to this language system is a device that, put simply, relates units of a language system to units of a script. This component is termed ‘graphematics’ in the present framework and is regarded as a necessary module of a writing system. Above that, another typical component of writing systems, namely ‘systematic orthography’, applies to the ‘graphematic solution space’ and restricts the spelling possibilities of specific words in accordance to their belonging to a specific level of the vocabulary of the language. Supplemented by reflections on the status of scripts as well as of IPA as a writing system, an answer is finally given to the pertinent question how spoken language and written language are related to each other. The answer is that this relation is of a considerably indirect nature.

19

Topografia baśniowego pogranicza jako reprezentacja doświadczania zła (na podstawie zbiorów baśni pisarzy polskich)

71%

Ślósarska J.

Tematy i Konteksty

|

2017

|

vol. 12

|

issue 7

105-119

EN

While reconstructing the subject of fairy-like borderland I consecutively discuss the problems of literary topography as a spatial figure of experiencing evil, next releasing the conflict and creation of domesticated seats and internalization and projection of fairy-like evil. In the conclusion I emphasize the tension between internal and social maturation of the hero and the semantics of the threshold and transgression as a special way of lexical organization of the fairytale form referring these problems onto theoretical and analytical contexts of postmodern culture. Because while being on the borderland fairytale characters experience evil of mainly situational character I accept in my analysis the basic assumptions of the phenomenological-existential philosophy of Gabriel Marcel dealing with the situation in which evil is encountered and experienced by specific subjects.

20

Prédicats polonais et français relatifs aux étapes de la panification et leur application pour analyser des corpus bilingues comparables

61%

Śliwa D.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

|

2019

|

vol. 67

|

issue 8: Lingwistyka korpusowa i translatoryka

135-154

EN

Comparable bilingual texts are representative for various fields of handicrafts. To meet the needs of writing bilingual dictionaries for the training of professionals, we propose a method of analysis from the Polish and French texts in the field of bakery. The purpose of this analysis is to establish equivalent units to be operated in the applied natural language processing and used for translation, for contrastive analysis and for drafting Polish-French dictionaries. In the first part of this paper, we explain how equivalent units are used in the automatic processing of comparable texts. In the following sections we present the design of cognitive script, the conceptual framework and predicates applied to the extraction of lexical units and we try to highlight significant relationships between them (meronymy and hyponymy).

PL

Teksty porównywalne są reprezentatywne dla różnych dziedzin rzemiosła. Wobec zapotrzebowania na dwujęzyczne słowniki z tych dziedzin w kształceniu specjalistów, zaproponowana została w tym artykule metoda analizy na przykładzie polskich i francuskich tekstów z dziedziny piekarstwa. Celem tej analizy jest ustalenie jednostek ekwiwalentnych, które będą zastosowane w językoznawstwie komputerowym na potrzeby w zakresie tłumaczeń, analiz kontrastywnych oraz tworzenia słowników polsko-francuskich. W pierwszej części wyjaśnione są jednostki ekwiwalentne stosowane w językoznawstwie komputerowym, a w następnych koncepcja skryptu poznawczego, ram konceptualnych oraz predykatów zastosowana do ekstrakcji jednostek leksykalnych oraz określenia ich relacji znaczeniowych (meronimia i hiponimia).

FR

Les textes bilingues comparables sont représentatifs pour différents domaines de l’artisanat. Pour répondre aux besoins de la rédaction de dictionnaires bilingues pour la formation des professionnels, nous proposons dans cet article une méthode d’analyse à partir de textes polonais et français du domaine de la boulangerie. Le but de cette analyse est d’établir des unités équivalentes qui seront exploitées et appliquées dans le traitement automatique des langues et qui serviront pour la traduction, pour les analyses contrastives et pour la rédaction des dictionnaires polonais-français. Dans la première partie de l’article nous expliquons d’abord les unités équivalentes utilisées dans le traitement automatique de textes comparables. Dans les parties suivantes nous présentons la conception du script cognitif, du cadre conceptuel et des prédicats appliquée pour l’extraction des unités lexicales et pour déterminer les relations significatives entre elles (méronymie et hyponymie).

Refine search results

Glocal Arabic online: The case of 3arabizi

Intertextuelle Relevanz bei Franz Kafk

“ANNA KARENINA”- T. STOPPARD VS. L. TOLSTOY

Glocal Arabic online: The case of 3arabizi

Paradygmat i suspens. O dramaturgii scenariusza filmowego

Handwriting in diagnostic perspective

Leer cine: Alatriste como estrategia didáctica para la escritura

Kształtowanie skryptu w kulturze szkoły jako zapobieganie zachowań ryzykownych dzieci i młodzieży - w kierunku profilaktyki pozytywnej

Nadanie imienia – początek biografii a skrypt

Женщина во фрейме-сценарии русских паремий

Interscript comparison of handwriting features leading to their identification and authorship

Hieroglyfické písmo

Persona revisited : filling in the gaps via the original script

Ważyk – Ford – Starski. Historia pewnego scenariusza

Makro- und Mikrotypographie im Titelkopf der „Oberschlesischen Nachrichten“ und ihrer Folgezeitungen

Zastosowanie podejścia skoncentrowanego na rozwiązaniach we wzmacnianiu stanu Ja-Dorosłego

Lexicography of the Tibetan Language with Special Reference to the “Wörterbuch der tibetischen Schriftsprache”

Writing systems as modular objects: proposals for theory design in grapholinguistics

Topografia baśniowego pogranicza jako reprezentacja doświadczania zła (na podstawie zbiorów baśni pisarzy polskich)

Prédicats polonais et français relatifs aux étapes de la panification et leur application pour analyser des corpus bilingues comparables