Search results

1

The Right of Nations to Self-Determination in the Context of the Regaining of Independence by Poland — an International-Law Analysis

100%

Andrzejczak-Świątek M.

Internal Security

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2018

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vol. Special Issue

7-15

EN

This article aims to show the problem of self-determination of the people in the light of contemporary standards of international law, as well as to compare them with the factual and legal basis of regaining independence by Poland in 1918. The principle of the right of people to self-determination as one of the basic rules of international law was proclaimed only after World War II, however, concepts conferring on the population living in a given territory to decide about themselves appeared before the French Revolution. The issue of the right to self-determination of people is extremely complex — after World War II, there was in this respect the development of treaty guarantees concluded with international agreements for the system of human rights protection, which sanctioned this right as the only subjective collective right. On the other hand, the practice of contemporary states on this issue is not uniform and largely depends on the acceptance of the facts by the international community. From the point of view of developing the right to self-determination of people, and thus the right to independence, the case of Poland is extremely interesting not only because of the historical and political background, but also because it can be treated as a precedent in international law in the context of recognition and acceptance of independence by the state.

2

Self-determination and a Strengths-based Approach to Intellectual Disability

100%

Wehmeyer M. L.

Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo

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2012

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issue 2(16)

23-34

EN

This article proposes that the confluence of pressures brought about by school reform efforts worldwide, advances in research and practices pertaining to self-determination and student-directed learning, and new ways of thinking about and conceptualizing disability are requiring us, as educators, to reconsider our historical approaches and intervention models and to move from creating programs for students with intellectual disability based upon their label to the design of truly individualized supports; from creating separate, congregate services to implementing inclusive practices; and from a focus on student incapacities and deficits to a focus on individual strengths. These influences have led to a third generation of inclusive practices that, in turn, focus on promoting and enhancing the self-determination of all students, including students with intellectual disability.

PL

Autor niniejszego artykułu sugeruje, że nagromadzenie presji spowodowanych przez podejmowane na całym świecie starania zmierzające do przeprowadzenia reform szkolnictwa, postępy w badaniach naukowych oraz praktykach dotyczących samostanowienia i nauki skierowanej na ucznia, jak również nowe spojrzenie na niepełnosprawność i jej nowa konceptualizacja wymagają od pedagogów ponownego rozważenia swych dotychczasowych metod pracy oraz modeli wspomagania i odejścia od tworzenia programów dla uczniów z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną z uwzglednieniem ich niepełnosprawności na rzecz projektowania prawdziwie zindywidualizowanego wsparcia; odejścia od tworzenia osobnych, zbiorowych świadczeń na rzecz realizacji praktyk włączających; a także odejścia od koncentracji na nieumiejętnościach i brakach ucznia na rzecz skupienia się na mocnych stronach każdego z nich. Te oddziaływania doprowadziły do powstania praktyk trzeciej generacji, które z kolei koncentrują się na pobudzaniu i wzmacnianiu samostanowienia wszystkich uczniów, w tym uczniów z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.

3

Samostanowienie dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną we współczesnej Polsce – pozory czy rzeczywistość?

100%

Żyta A.

Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo

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2013

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issue 4(22)

117-130

PL

podstawowe znaczenia: (1) prawo pewnej zbiorowości, zwykle obywateli kraju do samorządności, (2) konstrukt osobisty dotyczący sprawowania kontroli nad własnym życiem. Wielu ludzi zakłada, że obecność niepełnosprawności intelektualnej wyklucza możliwość bycia osobą samostanowiącą. 130 Agnieszka Żyta Artykuł przedstawia wybrane perspektywy badawcze dotyczące samostanowienia osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną: psychoedukacyjną, ekologiczną i socjopolityczną. Opisuje czynniki intrapersonalne i środowiskowe wpływające na samostanowienie oraz kierunki zmian w perspektywie psychoedukacyjnej i socjopolitycznej, a także w podejściach do samostanowienia we współczesnej Polsce.

EN

Self-determination can be understood in many ways. As a construct, it has two basic meanings: (1) the rights of a collective group, usually citizens of a country, to self-governance, and (2) a personal construct referring to having control over one’s life. Many people assume that the presence of an intellectual disability precludes a person from becoming self-determined. The article presents some research perspectives connected with the self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities, i.e. the psycho-educational, ecological and sociopolitical perspectives. It describes intrapersonal and environmental factors contributing to self-determination as well as the trends of changes in the psycho-educational and sociopolitical perspectives and in attitudes to self-determination in contemporary Poland.

4

Особенности прокламирования белорусской государственности в 1918-1919 годах

100%

Немкевич И.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2017

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issue 11

349-361

EN

Belarusian Self-determination process of 1917-1920 included several attempts resulting in different levels of success. This process was reflected in the adoption of several constituent acts of different shapes, which declared state sovereignty. The historical and legal analysis of constituent acts of Belarusian People’s Republic (1918) and of the first soviet Belarusian republic (1919) is presented in this article. The structure and the contents of this acts are analyzed, features are revealed. The historical and legal assessment of the acts is given. The Bolsheviks replaced the slogan of national self-determination by the slogan of „self-determination of working people”. They opposed attempts of self-determination by the nations of the former Russian Empire. This was done through the proclamation of Soviet national republics. An integral part of this policy was the declaration of the Soviet republic of Belarus on 1 I 1919. This political tactic allowed the Bolsheviks to justify the invasion of the Red Army troops in the regions of national self-determination.

5

Funkcjonowanie Osetii Południowej w świetle prawa narodów do samostanowienia

100%

Lesyk-Szkutnik Y.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2017

|

issue 11

337-345

EN

South Ossetia also known as the Tskhinvali Region, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus. Georgia as an independent state has got a great problem with this region. The main reason is a very important role of Russian Federation in the process of destabilization the political situation in the country. Two wars from the past (1992, 2008) showed that South Essetia didn’t have the rigth to use the argument of self-determination of the nation.

6

The Factors of Students’ Professional Self-Determination at Higher Education Institutions

100%

Ozhema I.

Intercultural Communication

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2018

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issue 4

101-112

EN

Professional life of a person under nowadays conditions is highly vigorous and chaotic. To choose a profession is a sophisticated process which is accompanied by doubts and stress. The attitude to the profession, the career understanding and the meaning of work changes under various factors. The influence of social factors, especially the specificity of the sociocultural conditions of life, interlacing in the complex of the psychological characteristics of the student (motives, experience etc.) is manifested in the peculiarities of his activity, behavior and interaction with others. Purpose of this article is to analyse the factors of students’ professional self-determination of higher education institutions. Methods of research: 1. Theoretical methods: analysis and generalization of scientific literature. 2. Empirical methods: for the study was used quantitative research method. Results. The questionnaire of students showed that social orientation largely determines professional self-determination of a person. Certain factors are important to choose a profession. They are divided into internal (health, vocation, ability, interests) and external (family, friends, career opportunities, the situation at the labor market, the various country and the world’s events). The most important elements for future profession for students were the possibility of employment and the salary. Health conditions are one of the most significant factors for students’ professional self-determination.

7

Why is Self-Determination Important for Students with and without Disabilities in Vocational Education?

100%

Licardo M., Schmidt M.

The New Educational Review

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2016

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vol. 46

200-210

EN

The purpose of the study was to determine differences in self-determination between high school students with and without disabilities and to determine the influence of three predictors of self-determination in vocational education: gender, group and grade point average. Research was done by comparing students with the method of pairs. The results show that students with disabilities have a lower level of self-determination than their peers; significant predictors of self-determination are group and grade point average. Results reveal important fields of intervention for self-determination development, especially for students with disabilities in vocational education. This is also the first study of student self-determination in Slovenian vocational education with specific cultural and education background.

8

Key Motivational Factors Affecting Teachers’ Long-Term Engagement in School Projects

100%

Vojáčková L.

The New Educational Review

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2020

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vol. 59

24-34

EN

The article discusses the factors that support the motivation of teachers to implement school projects. Based on Self-Determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000), we present specific factors that influence and stimulate the motivation of teachers with regard to the perception of autonomy or control. What is essential for autonomous motivation is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence), whereas external incentives have an impact on controlled types of motivation. The results also point to important motivational factors underlying participation in school projects, that is, the perception of the personal significance and meaningfulness of the project.

9

Human Security of the Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic. The Sami Case

88%

Szpak A.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 1

75-96

EN

For many years, indigenous peoples, their rights, culture and identity have been neglected. This depressing statement also refers to the Sami who reside in the Arctic. This paper presents the understanding of the term “indigenous peoples” and a number of their rights, including the right to selfdetermination. Their implementation is necessary for human security as they empower indigenous peoples to make decisions in matters that affect them. The author examines the concept of human security and the threats to this security in the Arctic in particular to the Sami as well as the most important provisions in international legal documents regarding the rights of indigenous peoples which include references to human security.

10

The legal impact of the lack of a theoretical definition of terrorism towards rights enshrined in the charter of the united nations

88%

Mahameed W. F., Barafi J.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 2

97-107

EN

The present study aims to investigate the legal dimensions of legislative inertia towards the concept of terrorism over international legal rules. The study has revealed that the legislative inertia regarding the definition of terrorism has led to the right of legitimate defence to be stripped from its objective basis and restricting the powers of the State to practise manifestations of its sovereignty. The study has concluded that the absence of a specific definition for terrorism has made the right of self-determination lose its legal and executive power and has led to confusion between political terrorism and the right to self-determination.

11

Autonomia adolescentów w świetle ich przywiązania i relacji rodzinnych

88%

Siwek Z.

Psychologia Rozwojowa

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2012

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vol. 17

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issue 3

25-38

EN

The study concerns the connection between the feeling of autonomy implied as self-determination and family relationships among 17-to-19-year-old adolescents. The study was inspired by Bowlby’s theory of attachment and Ryan and Deci’s theory of self-determination. The subjects were 145 adolescent high-school students (82 female and 61 male). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Family of Origin Scale and Self-Determination Scale were used in this study. The results led to a conclusion that healthy family relationships and a secure pattern of attachment correspond to a higher autonomy seen as self-determination. The Self-Determination Scale that was used reached a high reliability index, which suggests that it might be a useful tool for future studies and that it might be worth conducting its cultural adaptation.

12

Problem eutanazji w ujęciu Roberta Spaemanna

88%

Kożuchowski J.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 2

61-73

EN

The main aim of the article is to present some aspects of euthanasia in the perspective of Robert Spaemann—one of the most significant contemporary German thinkers. First of all, the paradox of the right to euthanasia derived from one’s own decision is pointed out. It is illustrated by the practice of legalising these acts in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. On the one hand, such acts are to be motivated by our personal right to self-determination, but on the other, relevant decisions are taken by a doctor. Ultimately, the law protects the doctor, not the patient. Next, the nature of two main types of euthanasia is discussed and defined: active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. Also, an attempt is made to show the inevitable consequences of the right to kill oneself by answering the question whether the right to euthanasia breeds a sense of duty. Finally, a polemic between Robert Spaemann and Peter Singer is presented, which gives us an opportunity to see the three fundamental differences between these philosophers in their views on the problem of the so-called good death. The author of the article emphasizes that the patient’s living will, introduced in Germany in 2009 (Patientenverfugung), may indirectly imply consent to passive euthanasia, which is omitted in specialist literature. He then indicates the specificity of the philosophical argumentation of the eminent thinker against euthanasia. He also highlights two aspects of Spaemann’s discussion with Singer: one concerns the downward spiral argument which undermines the legitimacy of euthanasia legalisation, and the other distinguishes two ways of abandoning the treatment if a person faces death.

13

Religious Faith in the Context of Personality Self-Determination

88%

Dyachenko O. N.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2014

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issue 3

177-182

EN

The spread of Christianity reveals a new interpretation of human existence. In it temporality is regarded as a universal characteristic of the human race. The interpreta-tion of God's word is based on a medieval understanding of being, as the Word. In the theocentric perspective Jesus Christ’s personality is a unique form of human self-consciousness. Christian thought unveils within it the dialogue between a faithful mind and a personal God, the relationship of “You” versus “Me.” Dialogic activity of a hu-man agent is kept up by the constant renewal of religious communication contexts that arises from the process of spiritual contemplation. Theocentric thinking explains the self-sufficiency of human existence through the infinity of the knowledge of God that gives a person the opportunities of self-improvement and self-fulfillment. Faith is equal to finding one’s inner self; that is why it always considers a person as a personality containing unlimited perspectives for personal self-determination.

14

Greenland – from Autonomy to (In)Dependence

88%

BRAŃKA T.

Przegląd Strategiczny

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2018

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issue 11

107-128

EN

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of development of Greenland’s autonomy, especially vis-à-vis the Act on Greenland Self-Government of 2009, which ensures that decisions on the future status of the island will be made by the people of Greenland. Compared to other entities, Greenland is the only Arctic territory which can feasibly gain independence. This study also discusses the relations between Denmark and Greenland in terms of post-colonial relations between the former metropolis/colonizer and the island, outlining also the discourse on independence in Greenland. The hypothesis posed in the paper is that the proceeds from mineral extraction will not enable Greenland to become economically independent and abandon Danish subsidies, and that the process of gaining sovereignty might result in Greenland becoming dependent on external powers which will have a considerable impact on social relations on the island. This means that the matter under negotiation is not so much whether or not Greenland has the right to declare independence, but rather if it should take this step.

15

Status of Kurds in Iraq in terms of constitutional law and national identity

88%

Štulajter M.

Journal of Modern Science

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2018

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issue 3(38)

267-280

EN

Recently, with regard to the Middle East, Slovak and foreign media have focused on the situation in Syria. However, equally important is political development in Iraqi Kurdistan in which plebiscite in September 2017 showed that almost 90 percent of Kurds request independent Iraqi Kurdistan. According to many indicators and claims by geopolitical analysts, the conflict between Baghdad central government and Iraqi Kurds is growing and will escalate, what will lead to an increase of Iraqi Kurdish struggles to establish a state independent of Iraq. Our study, however, wants to point out to the fact that there are also opposing trends indicating of continual centralization of Iraq and the Kurdistan integration into the Iraqi state. Based on this analysis we criticize the thesis of American geopolitical theorists such as R. Peters the emergence of an independent Kurdistan.

16

Reinvestigating the Determinants of Lifelong Learning: Can Pedagogy for Critical Thinking Contribute to Developing Lifelong Learners?

88%

Homayounzadeh M.

Signum Temporis

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 1

1-14

EN

The aim of the current study is to investigate practically the determining factor(s) affecting the students’ inclination to become lifelong learners and further to verify the potential effect of pedagogy for critical thinking to play a significant role in this respect. Participants in the study were 80 freshman English majors, found mostly through the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire to be amotivated as learners. Primarily, significant variables, identified in the literature to affect the students’ inclination to grow as lifelong learners, were specified. The criteria were applied in practice to investigate their relative contribution in making a group of amotivated freshman English majors motivated as lifelong learners. Various instruments and materials from questionnaires to student writings were used to collect data concerning the identified variables so as to identify through both quantitative and qualitative analyses the most determining one(s) in educating lifelong learners. The results suggested critical thinking as the most consequential variable involved. Implications of the study for pedagogy in higher education were discussed and questions were raised for future studies to take into account.

17

Self-determination, positive psychology, and disability

88%

Wehmeyer M. L.

Człowiek - Niepełnosprawność - Społeczeństwo

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2014

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issue 4(26)

7-17

EN

defect within a person to the fit between a person’s capacities and the demands of the context, that provide the opportunity to consider a strengths-based approach to disability. This article will examine the knowledge base pertaining to self-determination and people with disabilities, particularly people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, within a strengths-based model of disability and the broader field of positive psychology. The article will introduce Causal Agency Theory as theoretical framework for developing and enhancing supports to enable people with disabilities to engage in agentic actions through instruction in goal setting and attainment strategies, to influence self-determination, causal agency, and overall well-being across diverse socialcontextual contexts. Research pertaining to efforts to promote self-determination in the context of special education will be examined.

PL

Na całym świecie nastąpiła zmiana w rozumieniu niepełnosprawności i przejście od postrzegania jej jako wady występującej u danej osoby do dopasowania pomiędzy możliwościami osoby a wymogami kontekstu, co daje okazję do rozważenia podejścia do niepełnosprawności opartego na mocnych stronach osoby nią dotkniętej. Niniejszy artykuł bada podstawę wiedzy dotyczącej samostanowienia i osób niepełnosprawnych – w szczególności osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną i rozwojową – w ramach modelu niepełnosprawności opartego na mocnych stronach osoby niepełnosprawnej i szerzej rozumianej psychologii pozytywnej. Artykuł wprowadza Teorię Działania Sprawczego (Causal Agency Theory) jako teoretyczną konstrukcję dla rozwijania i poprawiania wsparcia w celu umożliwienia osobom niepełnosprawnym angażowania się w działania sprawcze poprzez nauczanie strategii wyznaczania i osiągania celów, wpływania na swoje samostanowienie, działanie sprawcze i ogólny dobrobyt w rozmaitych kontekstach społecznych. Artykuł zajmuje się także badaniami dotyczącymi starań podejmowanych w celu propagowania samostanowienia w kontekście pedagogiki specjalnej.

18

Wolność w prawdzie jako jeden z filarów pokoju. Rozważania w kontekście nauczania Jana XXIII, Pawła VI, Jana Pawła II

88%

Radziszewska-Szczepanik D.

Studia Elbląskie

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2013

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vol. 14

429-443

EN

Fifty years after Pope John XXIII issued his Pacem in Terris (11.04.1963), the question of peace remains as relevant as ever. Despite the changed historical, political, geographic and social contexts of contemporary conflicts and tensions, true peace is still rather a wish than reality. The present article covers the following issues: – Objections typically raised in discussions on the problem of peace (the topic has been exhausted to a point of becoming a banality; it is an unattainable ideal, a utopian concept ignoring the ‘confrontational nature’ of the human being) and the overcoming of these objections; – The essence of peace (respect for inviolable human rights) and its pillars (truth, justice, love, freedom); – Freedom as dependence on oneself (‘self-determination’); the necessary relationship between freedom and truth; false forms of freedom and their consequences. The analyses undertaken in the article lead to the following conclusion: it is only ‘freedom in truth’ that deserves the name of authentic freedom and olny when understood this way can freedom constitute a strong pillar of peace. In isolation from the truth about the human being, freedom degenerates – in an individual’s life it evolves into lawlessness and in the political life it takes the form of violence employed by those more powerful.

19

Perceived Autonomy Levels among Elementary School Students and Their Teachers

88%

Matrić M., Košir K.

The New Educational Review

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2014

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vol. 37

215-228

EN

Many authors have spoken against controlling environments and in favour of autonomous ones. In order to estimate perceived autonomy levels in the classroom, we decided to compare teachers’ perceptions with students’ ones, gaining a more accurate idea of the autonomy levels present in the classroom. The study participants (231 students, 18 teachers) provided data which showed how the teachers’ perceptions differ from the students’ ones in all cases, generally the teachers rating autonomy levels higher than the students. We also found indicators of differences present among teachers of the same subject areas as well as in terms of the students’ gender, school and age.

20

Zagrożenie życia narodu jako przesłanka wstępna derogacji zobowiązań w dziedzinie praw człowieka

87%

Jasudowicz T.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2020

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issue 4 (32)

9-41

EN

To determine the fate of human rights in extreme situations, the treaties contain a mechanism for derogating from obligations, i.e. derogations from their enforceability in such exceptional situations. The initial and fundamental criterion under which derogation steps are admissible is the existence of an exceptional public emergency that threatens the life of the nation, as referred to in Article 4(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Article 15(1) of the European Charter of Human Rights, and about which Professor Anna Michalska wrote so competently in 1997. Neither the constitutions of modern states nor their practice of introducing states of emergency are helpful in defining this criterion more precisely; most often, they do not use it at all. Unfortunately, it is not to be found in Chapter XI of the Polish Constitution “States of Emergency”, nor in the laws of 2002 regulating these states. In the practice of the treaty monitoring bodies (Human Rights Committee in the ICCPR system; the European Commission and the Court of Human Rights in the ECHR system), we do not find incontestable nor indisputable indications. The concept of the “nation” is referred to society as a whole and is to be associated with its physical survival. In the author’s opinion, this is not the correct approach, as it is and must be about a “living nation”, a nation effectively exercising its rights. The enslavement of a nation, its subjugation, elimination of opportunities for its self-determination – far from its extermination – can unquestionably meet the requirements of the criterion of a threat to the life of the nation. The study of constitutional law (the nation-sovereign) and international law (the principle and right to self-determination of the nation) unequivocally confirms this thesis.

Refine search results

The Right of Nations to Self-Determination in the Context of the Regaining of Independence by Poland — an International-Law Analysis

Self-determination and a Strengths-based Approach to Intellectual Disability

Samostanowienie dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną we współczesnej Polsce – pozory czy rzeczywistość?

Особенности прокламирования белорусской государственности в 1918-1919 годах

Funkcjonowanie Osetii Południowej w świetle prawa narodów do samostanowienia

The Factors of Students’ Professional Self-Determination at Higher Education Institutions

Why is Self-Determination Important for Students with and without Disabilities in Vocational Education?

Key Motivational Factors Affecting Teachers’ Long-Term Engagement in School Projects

Human Security of the Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic. The Sami Case

The legal impact of the lack of a theoretical definition of terrorism towards rights enshrined in the charter of the united nations

Autonomia adolescentów w świetle ich przywiązania i relacji rodzinnych

Problem eutanazji w ujęciu Roberta Spaemanna

Religious Faith in the Context of Personality Self-Determination

Greenland – from Autonomy to (In)Dependence

Status of Kurds in Iraq in terms of constitutional law and national identity

Reinvestigating the Determinants of Lifelong Learning: Can Pedagogy for Critical Thinking Contribute to Developing Lifelong Learners?

Self-determination, positive psychology, and disability

Wolność w prawdzie jako jeden z filarów pokoju. Rozważania w kontekście nauczania Jana XXIII, Pawła VI, Jana Pawła II

Perceived Autonomy Levels among Elementary School Students and Their Teachers

Zagrożenie życia narodu jako przesłanka wstępna derogacji zobowiązań w dziedzinie praw człowieka