This article examines the linguistic expression of moral values in selectedGerman phrasemes which have the potential for formulating judgements concerning humanattitudes based on ethical criteria. An attempt was made to identify factors affecting therobustness of that potential, the ways in which that potential is manifested, and the type ofrelationships between the analyzed phrasemes and moral values. The moral convictions oflanguage users that are embedded in the German language were also analyzed. The studydemonstrated that in colloquial German, morality is portrayed in an intellectual and emotivecontext as the essence of subjective human experience. Linguistic data confirm that moralnorms are perceived by language users as an objective truth that should be respected. Thepotential of phrasemes for passing ethical judgements stems from the relationship betweenphrasemes and their characteristic formal attributes, including their figurative and expressivemeaning. This potential is manifested explicitly or implicitly, and its perlocutionary strength isoften determined by the metaphorical motivation of a given phraseme. The analysis confirmedthat the potential of phrasemes is also influenced by the connotative dimension of the lexicon n specific phrasemes. In the most general and broadest sense, the potential of phrasemes forformulating ethical judgements about human attitudes is conditioned by the anthropocentricinterpretation of reality. The study revealed that phrasemes with a potential for making ethicaljudgements are bound by three types of relationships with morality: they should be regarded asa tool for assessing human attitudes, as a source of knowledge about moral values preferred by language users, and as carriers of moral values that are co-responsible for embedding thesevalues in collective memory. The results of this study have practical implications for researchin axiological linguistics and applied ethics.
According to the theory of biology of cognition, meaning is not a thing attached to its form. Hence, the available accounts of “desemantization0148 of analytical forms of English verbs, metaphors and set phrases appear to be essentially metaphorical and, therefore, do not meet the standards of analytical procedures. When a study of wordings is conducted with a strict observance of language/discourse dichotomy, all actual meanings can be traced to the experience of languaging (“living in language”) (H. Maturana) of an individual speaker as their only source. Wordings are used as signals to inference meanings - either, according to the 1:1 correspondence to “their” forms (“explicit”), or by relying on combinations of forms of cooccurring words (“implicit”). This superficial difference masks the identity of semiosis in both cases. Our results show that systemic meanings are instrumental in lexicological analysis. They are generally to be accessed empirically because they occur rarely in discourse.
Folklore phraseology was a inexhaustible source of linguistic measures for Ivan Kotliarevsky, as it allowed him to build humorous and satirical effects through introducing into his literary works colloquial, dialectal and jocular set phrases. The aim of this paper is to undertake comparative analysis of set phrases in the original and in the Polish translation of Eneyida in order to point out similarities and differences in these two languages. The author focuses on the translation strategies implemented to translate set phrases, and analysing particular non-phraseme word connections which very often replace set phrases in the target text.
This article presents the description of phraseologisms nominating concepts of love, eroticism and sex in the contemporary Russian youth jargon. The analysis is based on 685 dictionary entries chosen from the contemporary jargon dictionaries.
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