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Teacher and student perceptions of school climate. Some conclusions from school culture and climate research

100%

Dernowska U.

Journal of Modern Science

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2017

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issue 1(32)

63-82

EN

School culture and climate, more than any other factors, determine school efficiency. Building a positive school climate means to create the conditions both for students and teachers to work and learn effectively – feeling supported, safe, motivated and satisfied with their outcomes, and ready to contribute to the school improvement. In the light of many research, schools with positive climate are those which pay attention not only to the high academic outcomes, often measured by the tests, but also (or mostly?) to the social and emotional well-being of every student and adult. The subject of the article concerns the perception of school climate and learning setting by teachers and students from two Warsaw high junior schools, which significantly differ from each other in the effect of standardized external tests on students’ academic outcomes. The text contains some conclusions from a multi-faceted exploration of school culture and climate at these schools. First, the author compares teacher – student perception of school climate within the school, and then compares two school workplaces focusing on human relationships as an important factor of school climate. In this text selected cathegories of school climate are analysed: (1) school satisfaction, (2) teacher – student and peer relationships, (3) teachers’ support for students, (4) motivating students to succeed, (5) obeying the students’ rights at school, (6) agressive behavior among students. Quantitative analysis are complemented with qualitative analysis.

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Settings and participants: analogous semantic extensions in conceptually remote domains

84%

Twardzisz P.

Cognitive Studies

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2019

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issue 19

EN

Settings and participants: analogous semantic extensions in conceptually remote domainsThis article concerns a phenomenon, claimed to be semantic in nature, which can be observed in expressions from conceptually distant categories. The phenomenon in question consists in the modification of lexical categories in which the form of the words is retained, but their meanings undergo essential, yet analogous, shifts. The two domains selected for the purpose of this study are so-called meteorological expressions (e.g., it’s raining, snow fell etc.) and the names of political states (France, Mexico, Vietnam etc.). These domains are mutually independent and constitute unrelated areas of knowledge. What is intriguing, however, is the similarity of the semantic shifts, also known as conversion or zero-derivation, which occur in these categories. The term “semantic extension” has been chosen as a convenient shorthand for the phenomenon in question. The article argues that due to altered profiles imposed on essentially the same base, the semantic extension under investigation results in shifts between the profiles of a “setting”, a “participant” and a “process”. In a comparative perspective between the two domains in question, zero-derived settings and participants alternate on a regular basis. The analysis applied here adopts tools exploited in cognitive grammar (e.g., profile, base). If semantic extensions towards settings and participants can be confirmed in such distant domains, further research can be undertaken in other domains. If related semantic effects are found in more domains, the semantic categories of a setting and a participant should be included in descriptive grammars. Scenerie i uczestnicy: analogiczne rozszerzenia semantyczne w pojęciowo odległych domenachArtykuł dotyczy zjawiska o charakterze semantycznym, pojawiającego się w wyrażeniach z pojęciowo odległych kategorii. Omawiane efekty stanowią modyfikacje kategorii leksykalnych, w których forma pozostaje zachowana, ale ich znaczenia ulegają istotnym, ale też analogicznym zmianom. Dwie domeny wybrane do celów tego badania to tak zwane wyrażenia meteorologiczne (np. pada deszcz, spadł śnieg itp.) oraz nazwy państw (Francja, Meksyk, Wietnam itd.). Domeny te są od siebie niezależne i stanowią niepowiązane ze sobą obszary wiedzy. Intrygujące jest jednak podobieństwo semantycznych zmian, zwanych również konwersją lub derywacją zerową, widoczne w tych wyrażeniach. Termin ‘rozszerzenie semantyczne’ będzie używany jako dogodny skrót dla omawianego zjawiska. Artykuł dowodzi, że ze względu na zmienne profile nakładane na zasadniczo tę samą bazę, badane rozszerzenie semantyczne powoduje przesunięcia między profilami ‘scenerii’, ‘uczestnika’ i ‘procesu’. W perspektywie porównawczej między dwiema domenami, scenerie i uczestnicy regularnie się zmieniają. Zastosowana analiza używa narzędzi wykorzystywanych w gramatyce kognitywnej (np. profil, baza). Jeśli semantyczne rozszerzenia w kierunku scenerii i uczestników zostaną potwierdzone w tak odległych domenach, można podjąć dalsze badania w innych domenach. Jeśli powiązane efekty semantyczne występują w większej liczbie domen, kategorie semantyczne scenerii i uczestnika powinny zostać uwzględnione w gramatykach opisowych.

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Асаблівасці мастацкага свету трагедыі У. Караткевіча Кастусь Каліноўскі (Смерць і неўміручасць) як мастацкай версіі гістарычных фактаў

51%

Makarevich A.

Acta Albaruthenica

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2022

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issue 22

97-122

PL

W artykule charakteryzowane są następujące składniki świata przedstawionego sztuki U. Karatkiewicza Kastuś Kalinouski (Śmierć i nieśmiertelność) jako artystycznej wersji faktów historycznych: 1) czas i miejsce wydarzeń, 2) zdarzenia i fakty, 3) postacie historyczne, 4) pozycja ideowa przedstawionych postaci historycznych, 5) elementy koncepcji artystycznej autora dotyczące postaci i wydarzeń historycznych. Te wskaźniki przedstawionego świata dzieła świadczą o tym, że W. Karatkiewicz łączy przedstawienie obiektywnych faktów i wydarzeń z powstania pod kierownictwem K. Kalinowskiego w ich historycznej dokładności (dokumentalność tekstu literackiego) z obrazami stosunków międzyludzkich. Jednocześnie pisarz koncentruje uwagę na motywacji działań interpersonalnych i obywatelskich, na ich istocie i skuteczności. Taka artystyczna rekonstrukcja wydarzeń historycznych i występujących w nich postaci z góry przesądziła o poszerzeniu granic prototypowej przestrzeni historycznej i subiektywnym wypełnieniu jej znaczeniem hipotetycznej prawdy o ludzkim charakterze w okolicznościach historycznych.

BE

Характарызуюцца складнікі мастацкага свету п’есы Кастусь Каліноўскі. Смерць і неўміручасць У. Караткевіча як мастацкай версіі гістарычных фактаў: 1) час і месца падзей; 2) падзеі і факты; 3) гістарычныя постаці; 4) ідэйная пазіцыя адлюстраваных гістарычных асоб, а таксама дапаможных для іх раскрыцця драматургічных вобразаў; 5) складнікі аўтарскай мастацкай канцэпцыі ў выяўленні сутнасці гістарычных постацей і падзей. Гэтыя паказчыкі мастацкага свету твора сведчаць пра наступнае. Адлюстраванне аб’ектыўных фактаў і падзей паўстання пад кіраўніцтвам К. Каліноўскага ў іх гістарычнай дакладнасці (дакументальнасць мастацкага тэксту) драматург спалучае з карцінамі чалавечых узаемаадносін, улічваючы матывацыю міжасабовых і грамадзянскіх учынкаў, іх сутнасць і выніковасць. Такая мастацкая рэканструкцыя гістарычных падзей і характараў у іх вымагала рассоўвання межаў гістарычнай прасторы, даступнай для аўтара на момант стварэння трагедыі, і суб’ектыўнага напаўнення яе сэнсам гіпатэтычнай праўды пра чалавечы характар у гістарычных абставінах.

EN

The following elements of the play Kastus Kalinouski (Death and Immortality) by U. Karatkevich viewed as an artistic version of historical facts are characterized: 1) the time and place of the action; 2) the events and facts; 3) the historical figures; 4) the ideological position of the depicted historical figures and of the supporting characters; 5) the components of the author's artistic conception in revealing the essence of the historical figures and events. These indicators of the artistic world of the work prove the following. The playwright combines the depiction of the facts and events of the uprising led by K. Kalinovski and their historical authenticity (documentary text) with the pictures of human relationships, taking into account the motivation of interpersonal and civil actions, their essence and outcomes. Such an artistic reconstruction of the historical events and characters involved the expansion of the historical space within the boundaries possible at the time when the author was working on the tragedy, and the subjective filling of the play with a sense of the hypothetical truth about human nature in certain historical circumstances.

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1 Acta Albaruthenica

1 Cognitive Studies

1 Journal of Modern Science

1 Dernowska U.

1 Makarevich A.

1 Twardzisz P.

1 2022

1 2019

1 2017

Teacher and student perceptions of school climate. Some conclusions from school culture and climate research

Settings and participants: analogous semantic extensions in conceptually remote domains

Асаблівасці мастацкага свету трагедыі У. Караткевіча Кастусь Каліноўскі (Смерць і неўміручасць) як мастацкай версіі гістарычных фактаў