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PL
Upowszechnienie się Internetu w życiu społecznym budziło wielkie oczekiwania. Z Internetem wiązano nadzieje na demokrację procesu tworzenia i dostępu do informacji oraz na wzmocnienie aktywności ludzi w kwestiach społecznych i politycznych. Oczekiwania te jednak się nie spełniły. Wynika to z tego, że znaczna część komunikacji internetowej została zapośredniczona przez prywatne firmy. Dążą one przede wszystkim do osiągnięcia zysku finansowego. W tym celu mogą zbierać dane na temat różnych osób, naruszać dobra innych ludzi, ograniczać użytkownikom dostęp do informacji, utrudniać mobilizację społeczną i protesty wobec władzy. Współczesny Internet wygląda zatem inaczej niż wyobrażano sobie w początkach jego popularności. Refleksja na ten temat ujawnia istnienie ważkich problemów społecznych, takich jak: komercjalizacja życia publicznego, rozproszenie i fragmentaryzacja społeczeństwa, inwigilacja i rozbudowany nadzór nad jednostkami. Pojawia się w związku z tym pytanie, czy współczesne społeczeństwo potrzebuje nowego podejścia teoretycznego, które miałoby charakter krytyczny.
EN
Proliferation of the Internet in social life aroused great hopes. The Internet was expected to democratize the process of creating and accessing information, as well as to enhance the activity in social and political matters. These expectations were not fulfilled, because a large part of communication on the Web was mediated by private businesses, whose main goal is financial gain. To this purpose, they may collect data regarding their users, infringe on their goods, limit the users’ access to information and make the social mobilization and protests against power more difficult. Contemporary Internet is, therefore, different from what had been imagined in the beginning of its popularity. This brings to light many important social problems, such as commercialization of public life, fragmentation and dispersion of societies, invigilation and elaborate surveillance over individuals. A question arises, whether contemporary society does not need a new, critical theoretical approach.
EN
Notarial contracts are texts containing rich and diverse material, which can be used to describe and interpret many legal, linguistic and genre phenomena. At the beginning of the 19th century various genre phenomena are visible, they are related to the number of contracts concluded and the appearance of new types that are relatively rapidly evolving. The genre functions both in language and beyond, as a dynamic component of human activity, following a variety of conventions that make it a communicative value, also social and cultural, and in a narrower approach: formative and stylistic. Viewed from these different perspectives, it is worth to look at the Łuków contracts from the 19th century, because it can be expected that the resources and realization of texts will be special in the context of their genre. Genological creativity observed in the analysed sources is evidently created by the category of intentionality. The category of intention allows us to see in a new light the conceptualization of particular legal genres as well as the rules for the creation and functioning of their pattern, as we deal with uniform genres in the sense of model potency, and in the evolutionary aspect, marked in the texts by different means of nomination of the same contracts, a new text quality is created.
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