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EN
The seals of Sasanian highest military officials, the spahbedan which contain depiction of armoured rider create consistent iconographic group. It is possible however to distinguish five sub-groups within it, which in turn might serve as supplementary argument for their chronology or might suggest differentiation of the role of the office in time. The iconography of the spahbedan is related to 3-5th century, Roman models of imperial adventus which seems adequate for high ranking officers who needed iconographic layout emphasizing power however not entering royal prerogative. Iconography of the sovereigns of the neighboring power suited that goal well. Stylization of the arms and armour depicted on the spahbedan seals and small size of the objects do not allow firm identification of the types however it is clear that the more realistic tendency in depicting armament, typical for Late Sasanian period and contrasting with stylized and symbolic functions of earlier official art, prevailed.
EN
The article discusses the function of the oldest conventual seal of the Cistercian abbey in Krzeszów. Based on the fullest possible source material, the circumstances around the introduction of the seal into the abbey are presented. The significance of the image on the seal and the most probable source of inspiration for the creation of this image are examined. The role of the seal of the Krzeszów convent in the documents issued in the abbey is also discussed, along with the chronology of the seal’s use.
PL
Drobny przyczynek dotyczy królewskich pieczęci używanych w kancelarii Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w czasach nowożytnych (głównie za dynastii Wazów). Oprócz, znanych dzięki pracy Mariana Gumowskiego z 1920 r. Pieczęcie królów polskich, faktów ponownego używania tego samego tłoka (z koniecznymi modyfikacjami - imienia) należącego do poprzedniego władcy przez jego następców (jak np. Władysław IV ponownie wykorzystał w 1633 r. tłok swojego ojca z 1617 r.) i kilku innych przykładów odmiennego heraldycznego przedstawiania herbu (Pogoni), głównym problemem jest dyskusja o jednym z dwunastu herbów wokół wielkiej pieczęci litewskiej. W literaturze - M. Gumowski a ostatnio S. K. Kuczyński, Polskie herby ziemskie. Geneza, treści, funkcje, Warszawa 1993: który jednak nieco kwestionował taka identyfikację – herb z przedstawieniem jelenia był przedstawiany jako symbol województwa lubelskiego. Jednak to województwo nie należało do wielkiego księstwa litewskiego, tylko do Korony. Możliwość rozważana przez autora jest prawdopodobna identyfikacja zwierzęcia na wizerunku jako łosia. Łoś zaś był herbem Semigalii, będącej częścią Livonii. Livonia była wyliczana na królewskich pieczęciach litewskich, a jej status jako późniejszego lenna Korony nie był jeszcze w XVII w. zdecydowany.
EN
A small contribution to the kings’ seals used in the chancellery of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in modern times (mostly during Vasa dynasty reign). Apart from known – thanks to the Pieczęcie królów polskich (Seals of Polish Kings), issued by Marian Gumowski in 1920 – facts about the re-use of the former king’s seals (with needed modification – the name) by his follower (e.g. Wladislaw IV reused in 1633 his father’s seal from the year 1617) and some other examples of not strict heraldic presentation of the coats of arms (the Pogoń), the main problem is discussion about one of the twelve shields with coats of arms around the Great Seal of Lithuania. In the literature – M. Gumowski and lastly S. K. Kuczyński, Polskie herby ziemskie. Geneza, treści, funkcje, Warszawa 1993: who slightly questioned such an identification – a coat of arms with a stag is presented as the symbol of the Lublin voivodeship (or land). This voivodeship however did not belong to the Grand Duchy, it was the Crown land. The possibility recognized by the author is the probably identification of the animal as a moose. And the moose was on the coat of arms of Semigallia, which was a part of Livonia. Livonian title was used of on the kings’ Lithuanian seals, the status of the former Crowns fief was not strictly decided in the 17th century.
EN
A small contribution to the kings’ seals used in the chancellery of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in modern times (mostly during Vasa dynasty reign). Apart from known – thanks to the Pieczęcie królów polskich (Seals of Polish Kings), issued by Marian Gumowski in 1920 – facts about the re-use of the former king’s seals (with needed modification – the name) by his follower (e.g. Wladislaw IV reused in 1633 his father’s seal from the year 1617) and some other examples of not strict heraldic presentation of the coats of arms (the Pogoń), the main problem is discussion about one of the twelve shields with coats of arms around the Great Seal of Lithuania. In the literature – M. Gumowski and lastly S. K. Kuczyński, Polskie herby ziemskie. Geneza, treści, funkcje, Warszawa 1993: who slightly questioned such an identification – a coat of arms with a stag is presented as the symbol of the Lublin voivodeship (or land). This voivodeship however did not belong to the Grand Duchy, it was the Crown land. The possibility recognized by the author is the probably identification of the animal as a moose. And the moose was on the coat of arms of Semigallia, which was a part of Livonia. Livonian title was used of on the kings’ Lithuanian seals, the status of the former Crowns fief was not strictly decided in the 17th century.
EN
The article raises the issue of medieval seals of parish priests, lesser known in Polish historiography. Modest to-date achievements of scholars in this field, research perspectives and postulates, as well as methodological conditions were discussed. Moreover, five Silesian parsons’ sigilla from the year 1312 were subject to analysis, which demonstrated that they constitute an excellent source of knowledge on mentality and personal features of their users, and even on the relations between them and other people or institutions; such knowledge is not always provided by other available accounts.
EN
This article presents the issue of urban identity signs based on the example of Cracow’s tricity (Cracow – Kazimierz – Kleparz) and their transformations in the 13th–18th centuries. Analysing preserved heraldic and sigillographic monuments, the author adapted a questionnaire developed by Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak in the Polish research, on the basis of which he distinguished three threads present in the self-presentation of those cities: 1. the ideal city (or self-government and independence of the commune); 2. religious (holy guardians); 3. historical, composed in conjunction with the content of captions of the seals with symbolic ‘portraits’ of municipalities. Originally, in Cracow, at the beginning of the 13th century, both the image of the autonomous commune (the gatehouse, the tower house of the Vogt), along with the statues of saint guardians (St. Wenceslaus and St. Stanislaus) and historical reminiscences (the founder’s coat of arms) were used. With time, these references were limited to the signum of the commune in the form of a gate and the state’s coat of arms accompanying it as a reference to the city’s having been the capital of the state. In Kazimierz, however, only the historical thread of the king-founder was exposed (the emblems of the ruler: the K monogram and the crowned royal head), although it is not entirely certain whether in the late modern period it was understood exactly in this way in the city. On the other hand, in Kleparz only a religious thread was represented – the saint patron (St. Florian) who stood guard over the city. Each of these signs, or sets of signs, grew out of their own local tradition; that is why, it is difficult to treat them as a homogeneous group.
DE
Der vorstehende Artikel präsentiert das Phänomen der städtischen Identitätszeichen am Beispiel der Krakauer Dreistadt (Krakau – Kazimierz – Kleparz) sowie deren Veränderungen im 13. bis 18. Jahrhundert. Bei der Analyse der erhaltenen heraldischen und sphragistischen Relikte verwendet der Autor in seinen polnischen Forschungen einen Fragebogen, der von Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak entwickelt wurde, und unterscheidet drei Motive, die sich in der Selbstpräsentation der im Titel genannten Zentren finden: 1. das der idealen Stadt (oder die Selbstverwaltung und Unabhängigkeit der Gemeinde), 2. das des Religiösen (der Schutzpatrone), 3. das historische, die sich in der Verbindung mit dem Inhalt der Siegellegenden zu symbolischen „Porträts“ von Gemeinden zusammenfügen. In Krakau bediente man sich zunächst (im 13. Jahrhundert) sowohl eines Bilds der autonomen Gemeinde (Torgebäude, Vogtshaus mit Turm) als auch der Figuren von Schutzheiligen (hl. Wenzel und hl. Stanislaus) und historischer Erinnerungen (Wappen des Stadtgründers). Im Lauf der Zeit wurden diese Bezüge begrenzt auf das signum der Gemeinde in Gestalt eines Tors und auf das dieses begleitende Staatswappen als Hinweis auf den Hauptstadtcharakter der Stadt. In Kazimierz hingegen wurde ausschließlich das historische Motiv des Gründungskönigs herausgestellt (Zeichen des Herrschers: das Monogramm K und ein gekröntes Königshaupt), obwohl nicht völlig sicher ist, ob dieser in der späteren frühen Neuzeit in der Stadt selbst genau so verstanden wurde. In Kleparz hingegen war nur das religiöse Motiv vertreten, der heilige Patron (Florian), der über die Stadt wachte. Jedes dieser Zeichen oder Zeichengruppen erwuchs aus einer eigenen örtlichen Tradition, so dass man sie kaum als eine einheitliche Gruppe behandeln kann.
PL
Zarys treści: Głos w dyskusji na temat sposobu opisywania wyobrażeń pieczęci publikowanych w wydawnictwach źródłowych.Abstract: A voice in a discussion about ways of describing seal imagery in source publications.
EN
Two significant sphragistic source publications issued in 2012 and 2015 deal with seals on documents from the State Archive in Bydgoszcz and seal stamps from the State Archive in Poznań. Descriptions of seal images, contained in the cited publications, which could become models for future editions, inclined the author of the article to present his reflections on editing seals. The majority of the remarks pertain to the manner of constructing a description of armorial seals from the viewpoint of heraldry. Theses concerning the method of characterising seal imagery can be presented as follows: 1. A description of the seal image should not double information accessible in the illustration; 2. A description should contain expanding information (e.g. an identification of the motifs of deciphering the symbolic message); 3. All descriptions should possess a unified form and normalised contents; 4. A description must be maintained in a language adapted to the described contents, i.e. heraldic language and terminology must be applied to designate coats of arms, and descriptions of tools should use the names of specialist instruments in accordance with the terminology of suitable crafts and professions; 5. A description of armorial seals must take into account their dual character: a seal with a coat of arms (in the field a shield with an emblem) and a seal with an emblem (in the field an emblem without a shield); names of coats of arms should be used suitably for formulating descriptions of coats of arms; 7. In the course of depicting state emblems on “government’ seals one should take into account legal regulations upon whose basis the described emblem was created or modified. The use of precise terminology will make it possible to avoid interpretation misunderstandings, which at times are the consequences of the ambiguous language of the description..
EN
In his article, the author presents a critical analysis of an unknown seal of the Republic of Mosina from 1848, stored in the PAN Kórnik Library.
EN
The article describes the seals of the Suffragan of Płock, Michał of Raciąż (1496–1513), whose sigillographic system was based on at least two types of seals: a minor seal and a signet. The first one was used to seal the correspondence with a mayor and the city council of Gdańsk and is an example of bust and coat of arms types. Special attention should be paid to the coat of arms which was created by the owner of the seal to be used by him as a bishop. The coat of arms depicted a crosier and a mitre on a gothic shield (Spanish one). The signet is an example of a bust type and presents the crowned Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus.
PL
Artykuł stanowi omówienie pieczęci będących własnością sufragana płockiego Michała z Raciąża (1496-1513), którego system sfragistyczny opierał się na co najmniej dwóch typach pieczęci: mniejszej oraz sygnecie. Pierwsza z nich została użyta do opieczętowania korespondencji z burmistrzem i radą miasta Gdańska i jest egzemplifikacją typu popiersiowo-herbowego. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje tutaj herb, który został skomponowany przez właściciela pieczęci na potrzeby pełnionego przez niego urzędu biskupiego i przedstawiał na tarczy gotyckiej (hiszpańskiej) pastorał oraz infułę. Jest to o tyle istotne, że Raciąski był z pochodzenia  plebejuszem. Z kolei sygnet stanowi przykład typu popiersiowego i prezentuje ukoronowaną Najświętszą Maryję Pannę z Dzieciątkiem Jezus.
EN
The act of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of 1569, so-called The Union of Lublin, is preserved in the holdings of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw in the collection of parchment records (ref. No. 5627). This is the 16th c. parchment document with a large group of pendant wax seals. Until now it was thought that 77 seals were attached to the document. However, during the restoration work carried out in the Central Laboratory for Conservation of Archive Materials in Warsaw was revealed another previously unknown seal. This article describes this seal as well as the attempts to identify its owner.
PL
Akt unii polsko-litewskiej z 1569 r., tak zwanej Unii Lubelskiej, przechowywany jest w Archiwum Głównym Akt Dawnych w Warszawie w zbiorze dokumentów pergaminowych (sygn. 5627). Jest to szesnastowieczny dokument pergaminowy z liczną grupą podwieszonych pieczęci woskowych. Dotychczas uważano, że znajduje się pod nim 77 pieczęci. Podczas prac konserwatorsko-dokumentacyjnych prowadzonych w Centralnym Laboratorium Konserwacji Archiwaliów AGAD ujawniono jeszcze jedną – nieznaną wcześniej pieczęć. W tekście opisano tę pieczęć oraz dokonano próby identyfikacji jej właściciela.
EN
The act of the Polish-Lithuanian Union of 1569, so-called The Union of Lublin, is preserved in the holdings of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw in the collection of parchment records (ref. No. 5627). This is the 16th c. parchment document with a large group of pendant wax seals. Until now it was thought that 77 seals were attached to the document. However, during the restoration work carried out in the Central Laboratory for Conservation of Archive Materials in Warsaw was revealed another previously unknown seal. This article describes this seal as well as the attempts to identify its owner.
EN
The paper discusses a damaged seal matrix found near the Horstmar Castle, the residence of the bishops of Münster in Westphalia. The matrix belonged to one of the archbishops of Gniezno, most probably Borzysław (1314-1317), who stayed in Avignon for a long time, and was his seal as archbishop-elect. The paper also presents (with reproductions) the so far unknown seals of archbishops.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy zniszczonego tłoka pieczętnego znalezionego opodal zamku Horstmar, rezydencji biskupów Münster w Westfalii. Tłok należał do jednego z arcybiskupów gnieźnieńskich, najpewniej długo przebywającego w Awinionie Borzysława (1314-1317), i stanowił jego pieczęć jako elekta. Artykuł prezentuje też (z reprodukcjami) nieznane dotąd egzemplarze pieczęci arcybiskupów.
EN
The article is a new attempt to reconstruct and interpret the poetic inscription around the rim of the counterseal of Duke Leszek the Black from the period of his reign in the Duchy of Cracow (1279–1288). The seal epigram has been analysed against a broad comparative background, with the use of numerous Polish and West European mediaeval seals.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono nową próbę rekonstrukcji i interpretacji inskrypcji poetyckiej w otoku pieczęci odwrocia księcia Leszka Czarnego z okresu jego rządów w księstwie krakowskim (1279–1288). Epigram napieczętny został poddany analizie na szerokim tle porównawczym, z wykorzystaniem licznych zabytków polskiej i zachodnioeuropejskiej sfragistyki średniowiecznej.
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EN
An unusual object was given to the Archaeology Department of the Museum in Koszalin in 2007. It was a circular metal seal with a heraldic depiction. This latter is a head of a ram on an escutcheon. Further to an in-depth analysis of the heraldic depiction, it was possible to establish that there is a high probability that the seal dates from the first half of the 14th century, and that it was used by representatives of the knight village leaders from Strzelce.
Studia Ceranea
|
2022
|
vol. 12
507-522
EN
The present article aims to put into scholarly circulation two new unpublished Byzantine lead seals from the medieval fortress in the area of the village of Voden (municipality of Bolyarovo, Yambol region, Bulgaria). They were handed to the Regional Historical Museum in the town of Yambol as a result of the regular archaeological excavations of the site near the village of Voden, conducted in the period 2012–2019. The first seal dates from the last quarter of the 11th century and has a bust of the Holy Virgin with a halo and a round medallion with the image of the Infant Jesus Christ who blesses with both hands. From the legend on the reverse, it is clear that the bulla belonged to a Byzantine dignitary named Michael Tzitas, who advertises himself with the title of (proto)kouropalates and the position of doux. The second seal dates from the end of the 11th – the beginning of the 12th century and has an interesting and relatively rare iconographic plot depicting three military saints on the obverse, and an invocation to them on the reverse. The seal belongs to a clergyman – a metropolitan bishop of Athens, named Nicetas (Νικήτας).
EN
The archival and library collection of the Cieszyn Brothers Hospitallers, despite being of relatively smaller size compared to the sermonic collection, is of great interest, particularly because of the extant hospital records as well as early prints of medical nature, and a very complex history of some archival and library units. A certain part of the collection shared the complicated fate of the monastery and the monks. Over more than a hundred years they frequently changed owners, all of whom have left their mark in the books. The presence of previous owners in the history of a given volume is best exemplified by seal imprints. The present compilation presents all the early printed books and antique books from the collection of the Archives and Library of the Brothers Hospitallers in Cieszyn, as well as archival records clearly originated outside the monastery. It also demonstrates the influence they exerted on the present shape of the archival and library collection of the convent of Brothers Hospitallers.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia krytyczne rozważania nad pieczęcią wielką miasta Sandomierza. Przyjąć należy, że zachowany do dziś typariusz powstał w latach 1297-1300 (może: 1292-1300), a w latach 1320-1343 został przerobiony. The paper presents critical considerations about the great seal of the city of Sandomierz. The conclusion is that the preserved matrix was made in 1297-1300 (maybe 1292-1300), and was redesigned during the years 1320-1343.
EN
The remains of the late medieval book collection belonging to the Poznań Canon, Mikołaj Hesken of Kościan (died 1485), are currently held in the Archdiocesan Archive in Poznań. Conducting research on this collection, Rev. Kamil Kantak described it paying special attention to the ‘marks’ on the covers of the books. Having analysed the collection in detail, the author concluded that the mentioned ‘marks’ are supralibros of Mikołaj Heksen stamped with seals. The further research revealed that they are valuable materials for the history of the bookplates in Poland, as these are the oldest supralibros in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland).
PL
Z dawnej biblioteki benedyktynów w Lubiniu kilkadziesiąt inkunabułów znajduje się obecnie w zbiorach Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie. Na ich tle wyróżniają się dwa ze względu na znajdujące się na nich wyciski superekslibrisów. Świadczą one o własności lekarza Piotra Wedelickiego oraz prawdopodobnie biskupa poznańskiego Jana Lubrańskiego- renesansowych bibliofilów. Autor na podstawie analizy superekslibrisów oraz poszczególnych zdobień określa miejsce oraz czas oprawienia woluminów.
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