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1

Skarby wczesnośredniowiecznego Śląska w kontekście znalezisk wielkopolskich

100%

Butent-Stefaniak B.

Studia Lednickie

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2014

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vol. 13

39-48

EN

At least 110 sites with finds of early medieval coins have been recorded so far in Silesia. These include 62 hoards, 29 graves, 22 settlements and 14 stray and undefined. Finds from Greater Poland were much more numerous, as in 2010 their number amounted to as many as 237, including about 160 hoards. The earliest Silesian finds of early medieval coins are dated to the first half of the 10thc. At the settlement in Wszemirów, 3 fragments of dirhams minted after 914 were found. The earliest find, coming from an unknown locality (Śląsk XIII), contained (apart from illegible fragments of dirhams) a small part of an English coin of Athelstan (924–939). Other deposits, containing exclusively Oriental coins are dated to after 942/3 (Śląsk XIV) and after 954 (Sośnica). West European coins are primarily German denars from the Bavarian- Swabian circle, and they appeared in assemblages dated to the 970s (Obiszów, Niemcza). Silesian hoards from the 10th c. also contained considerable numbers of Bohemian coins, cross denars, various German coins, a somewhat lower number of Danish half-bracteates, single English, Italian and French specimens, as well as Ancient Roman denars. Apart from coins, there were also ornaments and silver raw materials, sometimes blanks (usually strongly fragmented). The weight of these assemblages oscillates between c. 7 g to 1.140 g, while the average weight is c. 100–600 g. 10th c. hoards from Greater Poland represent at least 42 finds. The earliest ones appear as early as the second quarter of this century (e.g. Piwonice, Ochle, Gościejewice). Other ones are dated to the 950s and 960s. the earliest assemblages contain exclusively Oriental coins and jewellery. Earlier on in Silesia, that is, in the 950s, the first West European denars occur in deposits, apart from dirhams. Such denars come from Cologne and Bavaria (Kuźnica Czarnkowska, Grzybowo, Gwiazdowo). In somewhat later assemblages there are also Bohemian, English, Danish and Italian cross denars, Byzantine milliarenses, single Ancient Roman denars or French coins. However, the ratio of dirhams is still somewhat higher than in Silesia. Apart from coins, jewellery and silver raw materials occur, and they are less fragmented than in Silesia. The weight of Greater Poland’s deposits from this period is from c. 7 g to 15 kg of silver (Dzierżnica II), c. 200–600 g being the average range of weight.

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Early medieval silver hoards from Pomerania – a perspective of interdisciplinary research

100%

Kowalska A. B., Miśta-Jakubowska E., Duczko W., Czech-Błońska R.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

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2021

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vol. 17

403-414

PL

Wybrane elementy ze skarbów srebrnych z Pomorza w bieżącym roku zostały włączone do badań interdyscyplinarnych prowadzonych w ramach studiów nad relacjami słowiańsko-skandynawskimi we wczesnym średniowieczu z perspektywy depozytów monet, surowca i biżuterii srebrnej.

EN

This year selected items from Pomeranian silver hoards have been included in the interdisciplinary research conducted as part of the study on Slavic-Scandinavian relations in the Early Middle Ages from the perspective of coin, raw material and silver jewellery deposits.

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Śląsk w X wieku: źle postawione zagadnienie

80%

Paszkiewicz B.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2023

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issue 64

77-131

EN

Researchers of the Polish past often discuss Silesia in the tenth century but the entity later referred to by this name did not exist at that time while its individual parts had different runs of history. The first evidence of establishing contacts between the middle Oder basin and the Mediterranean world after the Migration Period are three Arabic coins from 770-776, bereft of notches, graffiti or other traces of circulation, found on Trzebnica Ridge (Figures 1-3). Unlike the wave of Arabic silver coinage a quarter of a century later, these coins arrived not via the ‘Northern Arch’ but from the south, via Venice. They probably mark the attempts of slavers to penetrate the Oder basin. After 950, the route from Bohemia to the mouth of the Oder river was established, leading alongside the Neisse and the Oder but it was soon disrupted by the expansion of the Milceni to the east. Behind the Milceni, however, was the power of the East Frankish Kingdom, so the Přemyslids expanded to the north-east to bypass the Neisse. The Přemyslid expansion consisted in collecting tributes from the tribes occupying the left bank of the Oder River: Zlasane, Trebouane, Pobarane and Dedosize – and in establishing permanent military outposts in Niemcza and Wrocław. The result of including the local dwellers in the trade and tributary network was the concentration of power in the tribes and the spread of silver hoarding. After the alliance between the Boleslavs of Prague and Mieszko I of Gniezno was established in c. 964, both states met on the middle Oder line and co-operated within the great trade corridor connecting Central Asia, Scandinavia and Western Europe. Political destabilization in Germany after 983 enabled Mieszko to break off the alliance, cross the Oder to the west and spread his influence along the Kaczawa to Milceni and Meissen lands, and then in 990 to drive the Czechs out of the area between Wrocław and the Sudetes. In this way, a route from Mayence to Kyïv was created, bypassing Prague, cut off the city from contacts with the mouth of the Oder River, which led to the crisis of the Czech state.

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1 Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

1 Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

1 Studia Lednickie

1 Butent-Stefaniak B.

1 Czech-Błońska R.

1 Duczko W.

1 Kowalska A. B.

1 Miśta-Jakubowska E.

1 Paszkiewicz B.

1 2023

1 2021

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Skarby wczesnośredniowiecznego Śląska w kontekście znalezisk wielkopolskich

Early medieval silver hoards from Pomerania – a perspective of interdisciplinary research

Śląsk w X wieku: źle postawione zagadnienie