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EN
The introductory part of this study gives an insight into the pay rates and accommodation available for Czechoslovak Gendarmerie. Attention is also devoted to the attitudes of the main political parties to the issues of the gendarmerie and to the question of a proposed reform and the “democratisation” of the force. This is followed by an outline of attitudes held by the public and the media towards the gendarmerie and an attempt to answer the question of how the members of the force viewed their own role in society.
EN
There is no doubt that the period of Nazi occupation and of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was one of the most difficult ones in the nation’s past. What was the position of women in that “society locked in a totalitarian regime” viewed from the societal perspective? In the early 20th century women had already achieved a great progress in their emancipation. After the emergence of an independent state, society was slowly getting used to the equality of rights of both sexes. Still, women had to face a number of problems during the existence of independent and democratic Czechoslovakia. The Second World War changed their position both at the official and unofficial level. On the one hand, women were expected to concentrate on their age-long role of motherhood; on the other hand, however, they constituted an important and large labor force in the Nazi ideology. Irreversible transformations of the position of women in society took place in the occupied country and were then also reflected in the postwar period. Women became a very important segment of labor force expected to help with the postwar economic recovery, which applies not only to the period of 1945–1948, but primarily to the subsequent period during which the position of women changed dramatically.
EN
The article aims to analyze the socio-economic impact of the governmental support program “Family 500+”. This program consists in paying monthly benefits to parents bringing up children. In this way, it influences the growth of private consumption and contributes to the stimulation of the economic growth. However, the main goal of the program is to improve the fertility rate and social conditions of large families. In particular, the elimination of the phenomenon of extreme poverty. The article will attempt to answer the question to what extent the main objectives of the program have so far been implemented. In addition, possible changes to the design of the program will be considered so that it can meet its objectives more effectively.
EN
Article devoted to assessing the conditions and leisure of school children.Based on the study and evaluation of the hygienic conditions and recreation of children of school age a number of adverse factors that may adversely affect the health of children are identified Overall health of children depends not only on educational factors, but also on the learning environment at home and leisure and recreation. It is found out, that almost half of respondents (42.01±2.16 %) prefer spending leisure time at the computer, which provokes in pupils complaints of feeling unwell (47.27±2.19 %). Children holding considerable time at the computer and watching television may be due more to the fact that most of pupils (68.02±2.05 %) at the weekends stay at home, 12.50±1.45 % of children spend the weekend in rural areas and only a small percentage of respondents traveled with family or walk in the city (10.03±1.32 %) and in the country (9.45±1.28 %). The highest percentage of complaints was registered among children of secondary school age (47.27±2.19 %). The share of children of primary school age and older who complained was 27.27±1.95 % and 25.45±1.91 % respectively. It is defined, that among reasons of complaints of children in all age-related groups the predominant was long studies at school (42.59±2.17 %). Second place among reasons of children’s complaints occupies the long performance of a home task (30.09±2.01 %) and the third place occupies physical activity at the lessons of physical culture (27.18±1.95 %). It is determined, that 50.0±2.19 % of children does homework at the writing desk which does not suit for it, which could affect the formation of correct posture and quality of homework. The valuation of working place of children during the performance of a home assignment allowed setting reliable cross-correlation between disparity of working place of hygienic requirements of schoolchildren and presence of complaints (r=0.45, p<0.05). Prospects for further research the author considers in the assessment of leisure of children who are engaged in sports sections.
PL
Praca dotyczy istotnego problemu postaw młodzieży wobec turystyki i rekreacji. Materiał badawczy stanowiła grupa 220 chłopców i dziewcząt z 4 szkół województwa pomorskiego. Cel pracy realizowano przy zastosowaniu metody sondażu diagnostycznego w formie ankiety. Wyniki badań wykazały, że postawy te w grupie młodzieży szkolnej są pozytywne na poziomie 2,82 w skali od 0 do 4. Ich najważniejsze determinanty to poziom dziennej aktywności fizycznej oraz płeć. Pozostałe uwarunkowania okazały się nieistotne statystycznie, a zaliczono do nich wykształcenie rodziców, status ekonomiczny rodziny oraz miejsce zamieszkania. Wyniki są częściowo zbieżne z dotychczasowym stanem wiedzy na temat społecznych uwarunkowań postaw wobec kultury fizycznej.
EN
The paper refers essential problem concerning youth attitudes to tourism and recreation. Research group were 220 boys and girls from four elementary schools of Pomeranian province. Aim of the paper was executed by diagnostic survey in form of questionnaire among a selected group of people. Results of the investigations have shown that attitudes are positive on the level 2,82 in scale between 0 and 4. The most important conditions of the attitudes are level of daily physical activity and the gender. Another factors have not statistical significance, for example parental education, economical status and place of residence. Results are partially coincided with current empirical knowledge about social conditions of attitudes to physical culture.
PL
Wyjątkowa sytuacja prawna Holandii odgrywa nieocenioną rolę w sporze o legalizację narkotyków miękkich. Jednak temat ten, mimo oryginalnych uregulowań, od dawna nie jest już kontrowersyjny. Wynika to z ciekawych uwarunkowań społeczeństwa holenderskiego oraz ważnych czynników historycznych. Artykuł przedstawia analizę tych specyficznych elementów wpływających na kształt regulacji odnoszących się do polityki narkotykowej. Ma on na celu ukazanie, jak istotne dla skuteczności prawa jest uwzględnienie takich uwarunkowań w procesie legislacyjnym.
EN
The legal situation of the Netherlands plays an invaluable role in the dispute over the legalization of soft drugs. However, this issue, despite the original regulation, is no longer a controversial topic. This is due to the interesting conditions in the Dutch society and important historical factors. The article presents an analysis of the specific elements influencing the shape of the regulation of a drug policy. Its aim is to show how important for the law effectiveness is to include such conditions into a legislative process.
EN
Taking the reference of language to social life as a starting point, the influence of social factors within the new lexis of the Polish language from the second half of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century is examined. The study of socially conditioned lexis (new words and word compounds) allows us both to perceive the basis of social nominative demand and the regularities of the social function of names, as well as to throw light on selected social fields. The analysis shows, in particular, the social stratification, attitudes and social activity of people, reflects the realities and circumstances of civic-social life, and illustrates, in a multifaceted way, the coexistence of people within the community.
PL
Obierając za punkt wyjścia odniesienie języka do płaszczyzny życia społecznego, rozpatruje się wpływ czynników społecznych w nowej leksyce języka polskiego 2. poł. XX – pocz. XXI wieku. Przeprowadzone dociekania społecznie uwarunkowanej leksyki (nowych słów i związków wyrazowych) pozwalają zarówno dostrzec podstawy społecznego zapotrzebowania nominacyjnego oraz prawidłowości społecznej funkcji nazw, jak i naświetlić wybrane dziedziny społecznego. Analiza ukazuje zwłaszcza rozwarstwienie społeczne, postawy oraz aktywność społeczną ludzi, odzwierciedla realia i okoliczności życia obywatelsko-społecznego, wieloaspektowość współbycia ludzi w społeczności.
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