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EN
The article shows the problem of changes in the social role of a University professor. It presents the evolution of a professor’s role over a span of centuries. Against this background it shows what tasks professors are facing today: scientifi c research, teaching, popularizing knowledge in the community. The author of this article is posing a question about perceiving professor’s role by today’s students. The author presents the results of her research that she conducted among students of the Academy of Special Education in Warsaw. The results indicate lack of direct personal contacts between students and professors. Many of the students ceased expecting such contact to ever happen. This fact is highly alarming to the author.
EN
The article attempts to present emerging adulthood, i.e. experiences during the transition from adolescence to full adult status from the perspective of the social role theory. The empirical basis is survey research carried out on a random, nationwide sample of people aged 18-29 (n=303), stratified by gender and size of the town. The aim of the analysis is to answer questions about identification with roles, and changing the complexity of roles depending on age, gender, and self-identification with the status of an adult. The results indicate that in the period of emerging adulthood, the professional role becomes particularly important, and the set of roles related to the status of an adult overshadows the roles typical of adolescence. In addition, it has been shown that women identify with more roles than men and more often include the parental role and the role of wife/partner in the set of roles.
Turyzm
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2012
|
vol. 22
|
issue 1
5-9
EN
Today travelling is a global phenomenon. Many journeys involve cross-cultural contacts, often between cultures which are very remote from each other. Some questions arise: does the contemporary traveller expect cross-cultural contacts and how does he/she imagine such interactions? These seemingly simple questions enable us to reflect on the intentionality and complexity of cross-cultural interactions, the main issue discussed in the article. The author draws the reader's attention to the social roles assumed by the modern traveller, as well as the theoretical scenarios of cross-cultural contact, analyzing its symmetric and asymmetric forms.
EN
Social judgments regarding the assessment of the work of the representatives of the preparatory proceedings organs are often formulated prematurely. Actions taken in favor of properly conducted proceedings often require commitment, which is difficult to qualify in specific assessment categories. Advances in technology mean that committing offences is often simpler, resulting in the possibility of committing more and more new crimes (including, among others, cybercrime). Such realities oblige the representatives of the procedural authorities to take effective remedial actions to combat criminogenic behavior, which sometimes correlates with taking actions that are on the fringes of the law or ethics (among others, Art. 168 a and 168 b of KPK (the Code of Criminal Procedure)). The effectiveness of the preparatory proceedings carried out is therefore dependent on many factors, the derivative of which is the decision of the trial resolution, which, in the theoretical assumption, should meet not only the statutory objectives of the proceedings, but also be a testimony to achieve a social sense of justice. The stereotypical verification of the work of prosecutors and the Police officers makes it difficult to make a proper assessment of the actions taken by them, thus distorting the actual image of the bodies of proceedings. The subject and purpose of this study is to emphasize the social perception of the representatives of the organs of preparatory proceedings. The theoretical reflections were formulated on the basis of the developed conclusions from the analysis of the court files examined.
PL
The article is an attempt to systematise the extremely rich literature dealing with the phenomenon of homelessness, to which a key has been reading out of the rationale underlying the proposed definitions of homelessness, along with various ways of understanding the causes of it. It is a trial to find the common factors of the proposed perspectives and to grasp the accents exposed in them allowed for the grouping of the phenomenon in three areas: homelessness as a state of “having”/“not having”, homelessness as minimisation of social participation, and “becoming” homeless as a process of negotiating the identity in symbolic-interactive terms. The motivation for taking up the attempt to theoretically systematise the examined phenomenon was my participative research conducted among homeless men staying on the streets of a big city (2005–2008) and at a hostel created as part of one of the associations (2007–2013). On the one hand, I was guided by the need to know the current research achievements in the area which is in the focus of my interests, and on the other hand, the material collected during the study revealed the need for a different approach than the current perspective on homelessness.
EN
The article presents the specificity of women’s professional careers and their situation and social roles in the context of dynamic changes in the labor market: evident intellectualization and digitization ofworking environments, significantly changing career concepts as well as ways to achieve it. This is particularly important in relation to the career paths of women, mainly due to the need to reconcil work with family responsibilities. Therefore, it becomes important to highlight practical solutions for organizations that aim to create programs to support women in their aspirations and career ambitions, to make work time more flexible and to promote gender diversity in the field of organizational culture.
EN
The article is an attempt to systematise the extremely rich literature dealing with the phenomenon of homelessness, to which a key has been reading out of the rationale underlying the proposed definitions of homelessness, along with various ways of understanding the causes of it. It is a trial to find the common factors of the proposed perspectives and to grasp the accents exposed in them allowed for the grouping of the phenomenon in three areas: homelessness as a state of “having”/“not having”, homelessness as minimisation of social participation, and “becoming” homeless as a process of negotiating the identity in symbolic-interactive terms. The motivation for taking up the attempt to theoretically systematise the examined phenomenon was my participative research conducted among homeless men staying on the streets of a big city (2005–2008) and at a hostel created as part of one of the associations (2007–2013). On the one hand, I was guided by the need to know the current research achievements in the area which is in the focus of my interests, and on the other hand, the material collected during the study revealed the need for a different approach than the current perspective on homelessness.
Tourism
|
2012
|
vol. 22
|
issue 1
5-9
EN
Today travelling is a global phenomenon. Many journeys involve cross-cultural contacts, often between cultures which are very remote from each other. Some questions arise: does the contemporary traveller expect cross-cultural contacts and how does he/she imagine such interactions? These seemingly simple questions enable us to reflect on the intentionality and complexity of cross-cultural interactions, the main issue discussed in the article. The author draws the reader's attention to the social roles assumed by the modern traveller, as well as the theoretical scenarios of cross-cultural contact, analyzing its symmetric and asymmetric forms.
9
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Sociální role chudého stáří

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EN
The article deals with poverty in old age, which the author studies through the concept of social roles or social status. She analyses data from a qualitative empirical study in order to understand how various aspects of poverty in old age and the status of being poor impact seniors’ performance of social roles. The author approaches poverty and old age as stigmas and looks at the ways in which seniors living in poverty defend their identity against inferior status. The article explains how the role of a poor senior is performed, whether and how poverty affects the roles that poor seniors share with other seniors, and whether the ascriptive status of old age or the objectively low social status of poverty is more significant for the performance of their role. Drawing on the results of her analysis the author describes poverty as the ‘master status’: poverty is an undesirable status for seniors and strategies for defending their identity against the stigma of poverty pushes the strategies of defence against the stigma of old age into the background. The author argues that setting old age in the context of poverty reveals the limitations of some theories in the fi eld socio-gerontology.
PL
W życiu dorosłego człowieka istnieją dwa podstawowe obszary aktywności – praca zawodowa i życie rodzinne. Jednostka pełni w nich najważniejsze role, im też poświęca większość swego czasu. Zachodzące zmiany społeczno-gospodarcze sprawiają, że kobietom przypadają zadania nie tylko związane z wypełnianiem obowiązków rodzicielskich czy macierzyńskich, ale też zawodowych, społecznych i politycznych. Sytuacja ta motywowana jest także przemianami kulturowymi – w literaturze przedmiotu zwraca się uwagę, że „aktywne uczestnictwo kobiet na rynku pracy i zwiększenie ich udziału w zatrudnieniu w krajach europejskich wiąże się nie tylko z procesami emancypacyjnymi, ale również edukacyjnymi”. Proces ten będzie postępował w kierunku równości w każdym obszarze działalności człowieka.
EN
In the life of an adult human being, there exist two essential areas of activity, namely occupational career and family life. It is in them that an individual fulfils the most important roles, and it is also to them that they devote most of their time. The occurring social and economic changes result in the fact that females are charged not only with tasks connected with fulfiling their responsibilities of parents (mothers), but also with the occupational, social and political ones. This situation is also the consequence of cultural transformations; in the literature of the subject, attention is drawn to the fact that ‚the active participation of females in the labour market and increasing their number amongst employees in the countries of Europe is connected not only with the processes of emancipation, but also with those of education’. This process will be continued in the direction of equality in each and every area of the activity of a human being.
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano wybrane zagadnienia pokazujące potencjał osób z niepełno‑ sprawnością intelektualną w zakresie realizowania ról społecznych. W analizie przeglądowej wy‑ korzystano wyniki dostępnych badań podejmowanych w Polsce oraz za granicą, pokazujących m.in. udział tych osób w rolach opiekuńczych (wynikających ze stosunków rodzinnych, dzia‑ łalności wolontaryjnej i zawodowej) oraz funkcjonowanie w rolach rodzicielskich, partnerskich, zawodowych i self-adwokackich. Tego rodzaju zagadnienia, obrazujące potrzeby, możliwości, satysfakcję, ale również trudności niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie, są ważne zarówno dla procesu rodzinnej socjalizacji, jak i projektowania założeń edukacji i rehabilitacji.
EN
The article presents an analysis of selected issues pointing to the potential of people with in‑ tellectual disabilities in fulfilling social roles. The author reviews results of research conducted in Poland and abroad exploring i.a. how these individuals function in care giving (resulting from family relationships, volunteering and professional activities), parental, partner, professional and self-advocating roles. Issues such as needs, opportunities, satisfaction, but also the difficulties of persons with intellectual disability are important both for the process of family socialization and as the basis for designing education and rehabilitation.
Gender Studies
|
2012
|
vol. 11
|
issue Supplement
174-187
EN
The paper aims to explore some exemplary pieces of dramatic literature from antiquity and the Renaissance and especially from modern and postmodern works such as The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, ‘Night Mother by Marsha Norman and A Movie Star Has to Star in Black and White by Adrienne Kennedy through the lens of body, disability and gender studies. While the paper mainly focuses on these three plays, it is not restricted to them. The pieces illustrate how the stage representation of physically or mentally challenged characters has changed and the process through which disabled performance has transferred into performative acts.
PL
Postrzeganie płci przez dzieci, podobnie jak przez dorosłych, naznaczone jest stereotypami zbudowanymi na społecznych przekazach i konwencjach. Może się to okazać niekorzystne i przyczyniać się do powstawania nierównych szans w funkcjonowaniu społecznym kobiet i mężczyzn. W oparciu o wywiad przeprowadzony ze 158 dzieci sześcioletnich z Opola w artykule skierowano uwagę na dziecięce postrzeganie płci w kontekście ról społecznych pełnionych przez kobiety i mężczyzn. Stało się to przedmiotem podjętych badań, których główny cel dotyczył ustalenia dziecięcego spojrzenia na role pełnione przez kobiety i mężczyzn. Pytania badawcze obejmowały próbę oceny, czy (i w jakiej mierze) trwające od lat zainteresowanie tematem i szeroko wyrażana potrzeba przeciwstawiania się stereotypizacji ról płciowych przyniosły skutki w postaci zmian w świadomości dzieci. Rezultaty przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają, że spojrzenie dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym na role społeczne – zawodowe i domowe – kobiet i mężczyzn nie jest wolne od stereotypizacji płciowej, ale jej wpływ nie jest tak duży, jak wstępnie założono. Być może uzyskane wyniki są efektem postępującej transformacji świadomości społecznej w postrzeganiu ról pełnionych przez kobiety i mężczyzn oraz uboższych doświadczeń dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym w porównaniu z tymi, którymi dysponują dzieci starsze, u których z wiekiem wzmacnia się stereotypizacja płci.
EN
In the article, based on interviews with 158 six-year-old children from Opole, attention is paid to the children’s perception of gender in the context of social roles played by men and women. The main aim was to establish children’s perception of the roles. The questions covered an attempt at evaluating whether (and to what extent) the interest in the problem area, which has been present for years now, as well as the broadly expressed need for opposing role stereotypes relating to the sexes, have brought about expected effects in the form of changes in children’s awareness. The results of the study confirm the thesis that the ways in which preschool children see social roles performed by women and men in their professional lives, with reference to duties at home, are not free from gender stereotyping. Still such influence is not as strong as initially assumed. Possibly, the obtained results are the effect of progressing transformation of social consciousness in the sphere of roles played by women and men as well as poorer experience of children at preschool age in comparison with experience of older children. With time gender stereotyping becomes stronger.
EN
This paper provides an analysis of evil in corporations and organizations by presenting the concept of moral blindness in relation to business organizations and public administration on the basis of the concept of administrative evil as it has been developed by Hannah Arendt and her followers. After a discussion of the definition of the concept from Hannah Arendt’s to Philip Zimbardo’s social psychology, the paper gives a general definition of the concept as the basis for application and case studies in public administration and private business corporations.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano analizę zła w korporacjach i organizacjach, przedstawiając koncepcję ślepoty moralnej w odniesieniu do organizacji biznesowych i administracji publicznej, na podstawie koncepcji zła administracyjnego, zgodnie z teorią Hannah Arendt i jej zwolenników. Po dyskusji definicji koncepcji od Hannah Arendt do psychologii społecznej Philipa Zimbardo, artykuł przedstawia ogólną definicję pojęcia ślepoty moralnej jako podstawy dla wniosków i analiz przypadków w administracji publicznej oraz w przedsiębiorstwach prywatnych.
PL
Każdy człowiek pełni w życiu wiele różnych ról narzucanych mu przez społeczeństwo- niektóre z nich dopełniają się wzajemnie, inne wchodzą ze sobą w konflikt. W badaniach pod tytułem „ Kobieta- żona, matka czy bizneswoman? Poglądy na temat społecznych ról kobiet- studium międzypokoleniowe” poszukiwałam odpowiedzi na pytanie jakie znaczenie dla współczesnych kobiet mają role opierające się na stereotypach płci jak: kobieta-żona, kobieta-matka, w kontekście coraz wyższego poziomu wykształcenia Polek, wzrostu ich aspiracji zawodowych i edukacyjnych oraz aktywnego uczestnictwa w rynku pracy. W badaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego oraz techniki badania postaw, a próbę reprezentacyjną stanowiło 221 kobiet w przedziałach wiekowych: 20-25 lat oraz powyżej 45 roku życia. Badania wykazały znaczny wzrost konkurencyjności ról zawodowych w stosunku do tradycyjnie pełnionych ról rodzinnych. Artykuł koncentruje się na problemach jakie spotykają kobiety przy próbie godzenia własnych ambicji i dążeń z obowiązkami gospodyni domowej, dobrej żony i matki.
EN
In the lifetime, every man perform many different roles, throwed on him by society, one of them are compleneted, different come in each other in conflict. In study under title "Woman – wife, mother or businesswoman? The opinions on the social women's roles - the generation study” I tried to answer on the question what the woman means about the roles basing on stereotypes of sex, like: a woman - the wife, a woman - the mother, in the context of more and more higher level of Poles education, growth of their professional and educational ambitions, and the active participation in work market. It the study I used the diagnostic poll method and the technique of investigation of attitudes, the representative group calculate 221 women in aged compartments: 20-25 years as well as higer up 45 year of life. The study showed that the professional roles are competitiveness of the traditionally fulfilled family roles. Article focuses on problems what happen to women when they try to reconcile own ambitions and endeavours with home hostess' duties, being good wife and mother.
EN
The aim of this article is to show gypsy Oksana – the character created by Maria Sadowska (1835?–1892; the pen name – Zbigniew) in the relationship with the social environment, thus in the literary portraits of daughters and mistresses. Ina forgotten novel Oksana Sadowska raises a problem of stereotypes about Gypsies. Sadowska is the author of humorous sketches, novels of manners, realistic and fantasy novels, which ironically and humorously present the contemporary social roles. The literary voice of Sadowska can thus be seen as an attempt to express the cultural distinctiveness of Gypsies in the literature of the mid-nineteenth century.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2016
|
vol. 42
|
issue 1
261-275
PL
Celem artykułu jest wyodrębnienie i charakterystyka elementów tożsamości dojrzałych kobiet i mężczyzn w fazie życia pomiędzy średnią i późną dorosłością z perspektywy badań socjologicznych. Analizowane w artykule dane pochodzą z dwóch projektów badawczych: Kobiety dojrzałe – wybrane sfery życia: badanie prowadzone w 2012 roku oraz Dojrzali mężczyźni we współczesnym społeczeństwie polskim - wybrane sfery życia: badanie prowadzone w latach 2014 i 2015 W części teoretycznej odwołano się do koncepcji cykliczności życia Daniela Levinsona oraz zaprezentowano polską propozycję autorstwa Zbigniewa Woźniaka. Odwołano się również do koncepcji tożsamości Erica Eriksona, która opiera się ściśle na triadzie: soma- psyche-ethos, a tym samym wskazuje na nierozerwalność sfery psychicznej, cielesnej i społecznej. W odniesieniu do badanych Lubuszan (kobiet i mężczyzn) jest to czas w ich życiu, w którym następują zmiany wynikające z wielu czynników: przeżywanych fazy życia (kryzys/przełom połowy życia), procesów biologicznych kształtujących podstawy tożsamości kobiety przechodzącej klimakterium i mężczyzny w fazie andropauzy. Ponadto, nakładają się na to nowe role społeczne, których funkcjonujące wzory społeczne mogą wywoływać niezadowolenie, bunt, frustrację. Szczególnie ważne w tej kwestii wydają się nowe role rodzinne: babci/dziadka, rodzica dorosłych dzieci, dojrzałej partnerki/partnera oraz wzór człowieka dojrzałego. Wszystkie wskazane elementy włączone zostały do charakterystyki tożsamości badanych dojrzałych mężczyzn i kobiet, z uwzględnieniem czynników biologicznych, psychologicznych i społecznych
EN
The aim of this article is to identify and characterize, from the perspective of sociological research, the elements of identity of mature women and men in the stage of life between middle and late adulthood. Data analyzed in the article comes from two research projects: Mature women – selected aspects of life: research carried out in 2012, and Mature men in modern Polish society – selected aspects of life: research carried out in 2014 and 2015. Theoretical part refers to the concept of cyclicity of life by Daniel Levinson, and it presents Polish proposition by Zbigniew Woźniak. This part also refers to the concept of identity by Eric Erikson, which is strictly based on a triad: soma-psyche-ethos, thus indicating integrity of psychic, bodily and social spheres. In case of the people of Lubuskie province who took part in research (women and men), it is the time in their lives when changes take place. These changes result from many factors such as: phases of life they go through (crisis/breakthrough of middle life), biological processes shaping identity attitudes of a woman passing through the menopause and a man in the phase of andropause. Additionally, this is compounded by new social roles whose social stereotypes may cause dissatisfaction, rebellion, frustration. In this respect new family roles of grandmothers/ grandfathers, parents of adult children, mature partners, and a role of mature person seem to be especially important. All these elements have been incorporated into characteristics of identity of mature women and men who took part in research, with reference to biological, psychological and social factors.
EN
Studying is formed by process of education and self – study. Studying is proceeding in connection with professional social roles, family social roles and community social roles. Studying is proceeding in connection with present university condition. University is a part of social reality, which is describing by international and connected with defnite country acts of social becoming. University studying allows to identify students social group that is the part of article analysis. The article is the research report (studies have been conducted in the oldest polish universities). Quantitative and qualitative research is a part of pedagogy of higher education. Research conclusions are important for the whole society and every student because are connected with social roles activity in harmony with studying high quality.
EN
Contemporary prose frequently deals with ‘family martyrdom’. The heroines of Kaja Malanowska’s Patrz na mnie Klaro obsessively return to their difficult family past. Inherited strain turns into other idiosyncrasies. Grażyna Maroszczuk’s sketch entitled ‘Without anaesthesia. On difficult family relations. Kaja Malanowka Patrz na mnie Klaro’ focuses on the analysis of women’s entanglements that are still alive, though acquired in the past. Experiences from childhood become the matrix for reading the world in adulthood. On the other hand – according to Stephen M. Johnson’s Humanizing the Narcissistic Style – one may say that we fail to dispose of the behaviours that are an integral part of our culture, which is contrary to life and which puts achievements above pleasure, status above love and appearances above reality. It puts the heroines of the above-mentioned novels in an oppressive situation in which a contemporary woman is forced to reconcile a career and intellectual ambitions with family life.
EN
The article discusses the problem of functioning of stereotypes in the process of teaching the Polish language and culture as foreign language to an adult student. Thanks to the didactic materials presented during the course, learners re-construct the stereotypes of, for example, Polish, Poles, Polish woman, Polish family and social relations. The description was limited to gender stereotypes and social roles of women and men, their interests, as well as appearance and character traits. The analysis allows to claim that the stereotypical gender image in the didactic materials is present to a different extent. In the analyzed textbooks for teaching Polish as a foreign language, published at the beginning of the 21st century, the content of the stereotype of a woman and a man undergoes modifications. Young people, regardless of gender, are open to the world, they study, travel around Poland and Europe, and maintain contacts with their peers from all over the world. Women who have already finished their studies appear to be people performing professions previously considered female and male professions, similarly they perform almost all activities at home, and men are people for whom professional work is the most important.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje temat funkcjonowania stereotypów w procesie nauczania dorosłego ucznia języka i kultury polskiej jako obcych. Dzięki prezentowanym podczas lektoratów materiałom dydaktycznym, m.in. podręcznikom i zbiorom ćwiczeń, uczący się (re)konstruują stereotypy Polski, Polaka, Polki, polskiej rodziny, stosunków społecznych. Opis został ograniczony do stereotypów płci i związanych z nimi ról społecznych kobiet i mężczyzn, zainteresowań, a także ich wyglądu zewnętrznego i cech charakteru. Analiza materiału pozwala stwierdzić, że obecny w środkach dydaktycznych stereotypowy obraz płci występuje w różnym stopniu. W analizowanych podręcznikach do nauki języka polskiego jako obcego wydanych na początku XXI wieku treści stereotypu kobiety i mężczyzny ulegają modyfikacjom. Młodzi ludzie bez względu na płeć są otwarci na świat, studiują, podróżują po Polsce i Europie, utrzymują kontakty z rówieśnikami z całego świata. Kobiety, które skończyły już studia, jawią się jako osoby wykonujące zawody dotąd uznawane za profesje kobiece i męskie, podobnie w domu odpowiadają za niemal wszystkie czynności, a mężczyźni to osoby, dla których praca zawodowa jest najważniejsza.
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