The examples presented in this article show the importance of a recipe (and in a broader context, a cookery book) as a source allowing to learn about everyday life. Analyzing and interpreting them, historians can not only obtain data on basic food items in each historical period, their energy value and use, but also find out what the nutrition model in that period was. What is more, some casual remarks made by authors, may be significant for the research on changes in general manners and etiquette.
All "dots and places" portrayed in this article, particularly crucial in spatial and topographic planning - "here" and "there", "home" and "second home", "Asia" and "Europe", "modern" and "ancient", "Nepal" and "EU" - are consistent with oikologic and cultural qualities of the project. As a result, Nepal's topoi rumination unravels a distinctive image of those places that become a palimpsest matter, archeologic reserve that hides and preserves tropes of life [of people, animals, plants and objects] that haunt given space in another historical 'layering". Always different, locally diverse system of "the past reserves" is thus a potential budding story. The above words could certainly qualify for a working (Geopoetic) definition of cultural tradition of the region. If that is the case - the essay would be a more specific explication of the definition.
The main aim of this article is to discuss ways of presenting source of magical power in world of Middle-earth, created by J.R.R. Tolkien. Author hopes to present the most important artifacts, important events and exceptional beings settled in the worlds of Tolkien, which will allow to describe the main source of magic in universe created by J.R.R. Tolkien.
The aim of this article is to present selected methodological threads of the discussion on the status of historical sources which took place in Polish post‑war historiography. In the article, I present the concepts of the historical source formulated in 1957–1989, mainly by Gerard Labuda and Jerzy Topolski. Further in the text, I will present the discussion about Topolski’s concepts and characterize the peculiarities of contemporary history as regards historical sources. In the light of the presented classification of sources, I will reflect on the status of the documents created by the apparatus of repression of the Polish People’s Republic.
The presented text is an attempt to show Heidegger's conception of returning to the source as a jump - Ursprung. Heidegger presented this concept in his famous book by title Contributions to Philosophy. This book seems to be a breakthrough in his thinking, because it shows the way to being alone without the help of entity, it means, Heidegger in this book departs from the conception of fundamental ontology as shown in the work of Being and time, which meant discovering the truth of being by entity, specifically, through Dasein's analysis. Contributions to Philosophy shows a different path, namely by the enowning of being - Ereignis. Such position is referred as "return" - Kehre. The sense of return made by Heidegger is exacerbated by the question of the sense of being, the question that comes down to making a violent intrusion - jump into the source, which is being itself. The jump - Ursprung is fundamental importance here, because it is some kind of Dasein's command, but it also shows the proper meaning of the beginning - arche, principium as the power, the ground and the hidden source. Heidegger invites the reader to a journey to the philosophical source - he invites to the jump into the abyss of the mystery of being. In this way according to him philosophy shows his real and true face.
The source and its relationship with oikology are key issues. The knowledge dispensed by oikology would be simple: it is an imperative of a return to the idea of home. The author deals with the mystical source, the fountain of youth, the source of life or the presence of wells near the house. These experiences are needed to rethink the present-day home and place it in the imperative of returning to the source.
As a result of the “Pereyaslav Council” in 1654, the Polish – Moscow war broke out. The war lasted until 1667, till signing the truce in Andrusowo. For both sides the document was not satisfying and as a result it was meant to last shortly. A political situation, wars of Poland and Moscow with various neighbors forced both sides to prolong the truce. In 1678, another treaty which prolonged it for another 13 years was signed in Moscow. In Poland the negotiations were considered as controversial and their result as unsatisfying. However, contemporary the treaty is little known. The text presented below is to remind of circumstances of those events and to make the unknown and unused in Polish historiography version of the document kept in archives of the Institute of History in Russian Academy of Sciences in Sankt Petersburg public.
The history of PRL (Polish People's Republic) security authorities is a very interesting issue (contemporary) researchers. The present article refers to an unknown section of this research area, namely the state of health of SB (security service) and MO (citizens militia) officers. The analysis concerns the period between 1979 and 1980 and constitutes a beginning of high spectrum MSW (Ministry of the Interior) healthcare studies.
This article is the first of two parts of a description of the motif of the seven words uttered by the crucified Christ in old Polish biblical and apocrypha narrations. The author presents the origin of the motif, characteristics of old Polish texts in which it occurred; the most important differences have been highlighted in the feature arrangement of the specific fragments of old Polish Passion of Jesus. The body of the article is represented by depiction of the sources of the seven words uttered by Christ on the cross, presentation of various ways of medieval scribes using the Holy Scriptures and an attempt to capture the motif severing itself from the original source. While the words uttered by Jesus on the cross come from the Gospels, neither of the four evangelists confirmed all of them. The chronology of the words is also arbitrary. In all old Polish apocrypha containing a description of Christ’s death on the cross, the motif of the seven words plays an important role and has been analysed with respect to the content and the vocabulary. The second part of the characteristics will be devoted to the linguistic development of the description of the motif in question.
The aim of the present article is to examine an 18th-century manuscript completed in the Benedictine Abbey in Tuchów. The basic problem is related to a narrative technique, which resembles a medieval one. Some modifications of the narration are also noticeable, but the work is mostly similar to medieval chronicles.
By marginal entries we mean such entries which aren’t connected directly with a studying subject. At the same time, these records give some answers to the questions lying in an absolutely different area of absolutely different problems. This study reveals the importance of marginal records of the manuscripts of the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg. Scribes Gerasim Novgorodets, Dionysius Kruk and Trifon Grechanin might not be the most significant writers of Old Russian culture, however detection of several facts of their biographies can help to determine the facts and biographies of statesmen of the medieval Russia’s history. This article shows how the facts about a private life of the Old Russian monks and scribes collected as a result of “microresearch” of completely different documents could significantly influence dates of historical events as well as the biographies of persons who played an important role in the process of construction of the Russian state.
The goal of this paper is to draw attention to the problems connected with the editing of old sources. The author shows through various analyses, to what significant extent a mere presentation of the material becomes its interpretation and imposes one or another understanding – and that it is the historical moment that determines how the source is researched. The author presents the newest studies, where the genetic multilayeredness of the text was taken into account and resulted in a different approach and a more attentive reading.
The campaign of Kamieniec, the year 1689 is part of the armed conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the states members of the Holy League - the Republic of Poland, the Holy Empire and the Republic of Venice - which took place in the years 1684-1699.
The presented source text concerns the transfer of the life use of royal estates (starosty of Wiśniew) by the current leaseholders, the princely couple Dymitr and Józefa Jabłonowscy, to their son, Stanisław Jabłonowski. The estates encom-passed two folwarks (serfdom-based farms) - Domanice and Wiśniew, together with ten villages. According to the present administrative division, these lands are on the territory of Domanice, Wiśniew and Zbuczyn communes that belong to the district of Siedlce. The document presents administrative procedures in the second half of the 18th century connected with the change of leaseholders of royal estates. But, above all, it contains the detailed description of the property. The description includes the state of the buildings as well as detailed lists, showing population (a list of male serfs' names), and duties of serfs living in the above mentioned villages. Original spelling was preserved in the presented text.
Croatian ethnologists’ and agriarians’ dream of sourceIn the first half of the 20th century, the connection between ethnology and politics in Croatia was exceptionally strong. Ethnology has become a tool to build national cohesion, and the main discourse is sought in the authentic aspects of Croatian culture, which could distinguish it in particular from Serbian or, in general, from Yugoslav culture. The central category of discourse, both ethnologic as well as the political, is the concept of source. A key theorist and activist who developed the concept of authentic Croatian cultural sources, and entered it in the political agenda, was Antun Radić. Together with his brother Stjepan, he founded the peasant party, which after 1918 became the Croats’ main political force. The Radić brothers pointed out that only folklore preserves cultural purity, and thus peasants should be the source of the resurgence in Croatian identity. During the short lifetime of the Croatian Banovina (1939–1941), this policy and its accompanying ideas became the official ideology, marked by the extraordinary influence of ethnology. This paper points out the dangerous aspects of the idea of source, related to the concept of closed, exclusive culture exposed to arbitrary purification. Chorwackich etnologów i ludowców marzenie o dotarciu do źródłaW pierwszej połowie XX wieku związki etnologii i polityki były w Chorwacji wyjątkowo silne. Etnologia stała się narzędziem budowania spójności narodowej i główną dziedziną wiedzy, w której poszukiwano autentycznych treści kultury chorwackiej, różnicujących ją zwłaszcza od kultury serbskiej czy ogólnie, południowosłowiańskiej. Centralną kategorią dyskursu zarówno etnologicznego, jak i politycznego, staje się pojęcie źródła. Najważniejszym teoretykiem i działaczem, który opracował koncepcję źródeł autentycznej kultury chorwackiej i wpisał ją w program polityczny, był Antun Radić. Razem z bratem Stjepanem założył on partię chłopską, która po 1918 r. stała się główną siłą polityczną Chorwatów. Radiciowie podkreślali, że jedynie folklor zachował czystość kulturową i właśnie dlatego wieś powinna być źródłem odrodzenia chorwackiej tożsamości. W krótkim okresie istnienia Banowiny Chorwackiej (1939–1941) program ten i towarzyszące mu wyobrażenia stają się ideologią oficjalną, nacechowaną niezwykłym znaczeniem przydawanym etnologii. W artykule wskazuje się w konkluzji na niebezpieczne aspekty idei źródła, które wiążą się z wyobrażeniem kultury zamkniętej, ekskluzywnej, odrzucającej dialog i arbitralnie poddanej puryfikacji.
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