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EN
The article is devoted to the problem of idiolect in literary translation on the basis of Charles Dickens’s Christmas story The Cricket on the Hearth (1845) and its six Polish translations. Special attention is given to the character of Tilly Slowboy and the individual features of the language she uses. The article emphasises stylistic and linguistic differences which can be observed in a detailed comparative analysis of Tilly’s idiolect in the Polish translation series.
EN
The article attempts to decide whether the sports report is more about the information or the commentary. On the basis of an analysis of press material, the author examines different characteristics of the genre and tries to determine their compatibility with the news canon. As the analysis shows, the contemporary sports report is less about news and more about commentary, interpretation and evaluation. Journalists tend to summarize the competition and briefly describe the course of events. It makes the sports report similar to press comment and review.
EN
The advice article is one of the multiple forms of expression in use among general lifestyle magazines aimed at women. Its shape, both style and structure-wise, allows authors to exhaust all the possibilities of persuasive action, which is typical for this group of magazines. The analysis of the materials, taken from ten separate magazines published in the first quarter of 2016, shows that the stylistic range of advice articles is not sophisticated, and so their style is definitely not the most important factor which determines the pleasure of reading. It is also possible to notice that in the down-market magazines (‘Dobre Rady’, ‘Naj’, ‘Pani Domu’, ‘Tina’) this type of an article is usually produced in a form of a corpus (body) made of modules, using the formula of a register. These texts are smaller in size and compositionally more simple (short sentences, usually single sentences or simple relative clauses), with regular use of a question-answer configuration, with exclamations to show emotions, and lists. The act of giving advice is generally based on direct, specific instructions, formulated in a direct style, appropriate for the ‘parenetic’ (persuasive) character of the publication. The editorial boards of magazines such as ‘Olivia’ or ‘Swiat Kobiety’ heavily emphasize the professionalism of their guidance. The authors clearly display their intent to create a more friendly relationship with their female readers, but at the same time encourage them to follow the line of argument more carefully and to think for themselves. In these texts the syntax is more complex, more varied rhetorical terms are used, and the signals of mutual dialogue are present; the factual, graphic and cognitive layer of a publication blends with its practical usage in a much better way.
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EN
The research deals with the relationship of linguistic stylistics and discourse analysis and indicates the possibilities of the connectedness and mutual enrichment of both disciplines. The subject of analysis is a text which we understand as a joint startingpoint object of analyses and, at the same time, also as a mean testifying the affinity of both disciplines. We relate the stylistic understanding of the notion of text as a linguistic-thematic structure with a more recent definition of the term discourse within which in the foreground is the social aspect of language and the text functions as a constituent by means of which we penetrate into the purport of the functioning of humans in social interactions with regard to the extra-linguistic factors participating in the social event. On the basis of topical publicistic texts we illustrate the application of the stylistic and discourse-analytical tools within observing the phenomenon of intertextuality (or interdiscoursivity) entailing the mixing of the means of expression, the crossing of the content-and-composition-related strategies in connection with the hybridization of the value identity of the text (the sophisticated with ordinary, the serious with tabloid) and of the genre models with regard to the meaning of these procedures in grasping the reality.
PL
The article presents functional and semantic characteristics of 70 periphrases of names relating to a human being excerpted from the poetry of Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska. The study herein aims to determine the literary and cultural motives of described periphrases and the scope of their originality. The analysis of the research material shows that the periphrases of names relating to a human being perform many different functions. They mainly embellish her poems, so as to avoid repetitions and introduce information about attributes and functions of a man. Moreover, they provide semantic excess which one word synonyms lack. There are different reasons for using the described constructions. We can find periphrases deriving from Christian tradition (divine favourite ‘man’), current extra-linguistic situation (winged man ‘pilot’), or interest of the poetess in spirituality (madonna of a boring cemetery ‘Biała dama’ / ‘The White Lady’).
EN
The author defines a commercial discourse as a model which can be described thanks to analyzed texts which preceded the sales process between tenderers and texts which are or could be results of the sales. In this study, the author is interested in expressions with which – at least two persons in a direct contact during speaking – try to achieve a common financial and sales goal. The author concludes that limitations in initiating commercial talks usually resultfrom:– interlocutors’ social inequality and, therefore, are directly related to the specificcontext of the speech act,– restrictions and sex determination, thus resulting in a wider cultural context,– broadly speaking the spirit of the nation.The author analyzes also differences in the initiation of a commercial discourse in the context of two cultures, using the research category proposed by Michael Foucault, thatis dispositif of knowledge.
RU
The purpose ofthis paper is to explore headlines in generał, first regarded as texts, and specifically headlines in Macedonia newspapers from a stylistic aspect. As far as the consideration of headlines as texts is concemed, the major criteria oftextuality are taken in view; namely: intentionality, acceptability, situationality, informativity and intertextuality. Ali ofthese criteria can be applicable when analysing headlines, specially informativity, sińce one main characteristic of publicistic style, or better said the joumalist substyle, is to be as much informative as possible, but in the case ofheadlines there is a tendency to accomplish that by being concise. When it comes to cohesion, there is not much possibility to take in regard this criteria except for ambiguity, which may be a useful strategy in the creation ofheadlines sińce it might be used to provoke the reading public, rather then to inform. This is particularly the case with headlines formulated as ąuestions.As for the linguistic features ofthe headings in Macedonian press, we may conclude that there is a tendency to write headlines by omiting the verb in the predicates consisting of adjective and/ or noun+verb. In most ofthe cases this is done with the intention to write a short headline, by conserving its informativity at the same time. In regard to the vocabulary used in headings, it should be pointed out that Turkish lexems which are part ofMacedonian vocabulary and lexems from the coloąuial style are freąuent in headlines and are mostly used with the intention to accomplish expressiveness of the language. In the context ofcreativity in headings, it is to be noted that tropes are freąuently usedin headlines, such as: comparison, metonymy, oxymoron etc. The inventivness ofthe joumalist is important and comes to light in the ability to use tropes, but at the same time having in mind the informativity and intentionality as principles in joumalistic style. Headlines are to be considered as a joumalistic form which offers space for creativity. The art ofwriting creative headlines is always interesting to study sińce joumalistic style is by its nature current, provocative and inventive.
Stylistyka
|
2009
|
vol. 18
179-202
PL
The article shows how Kazimiera llłakowiczówna creates unreal worlds in her work. One can observe the creation process on several levels: title, description of characters and the whole text understood as a complete, specific picture of the unreal world.Poetical conceptualization of unreal worlds is based on many complex semantic and cultural associations of the words, ideas and symbols. It is connected with various types of composition and stylistic forms. The poet is very sensible with the language and its po- tential, uses it with consideration and great subtleness.
EN
The present paper considers the word ‘silence’ (‘тишина’), which is perceived as one of the words that in artistic language of Prishvin have expressive value, despite their lack of a referent. For that reason the word ‘silence’ can be described as metaphorical and polyfunctional and it always plays a significant ideological and artistic role. The author of the paper discusses different ways in which the lexem in question functions in collocations, taking into consideration its associative as well as connotative potentiality.
PL
The present paper presents a discursive interpretation of legał regulations, understood as a particular delineation of communication between a legislator and the receivers of normative statements. The author shows, that the way of communicating a statement in an interacting community, artificially created by a law, is schematic and happens according to two patterns. While regulating the actions of legał subjects in relations conceming legał obligations, a legislator refers writs to the receivers of normative statements. The writs take a form of categorical statements, composed of indicative sentences as well as they specify the time of establishing and receiving of the act of speech, in deictic temporal setting around a pivot of “here and now”, given by a legislature. In the case of combining legał obligations and interactions of dependence of authority, a statement determining the way of solving a dispute between the subjects of legał obligations (e.g. between an em- ployer and an employee), through subjects of authority (e.g. employment courts), is given in the form of conditional sentences. Temporal setting of events in the statements regulating interactions of dependence of authority, determines projection on the time pivot. Ac- cording to the author, the syntactic organisation of sentences and the temporality alloca- ted as the duration of actions suspended in time are the main grammatical ąualities of the functional marking of legał texts.
Stylistyka
|
2007
|
vol. 16
209-219
CS
The article deals with generał problems conceming specific means of expression from the diachronic point of view, using Common Czech (obecna ćeStina) as an example. It is especially emphasized that during the analysis a complex approach is of particular impor- tance, morę than from the synchronic point of view, also with regard to stylistic examina- tions. When scholars focusing on this particular discipline choose their theoretical background, they should also take into consideration concepts and definitions of Common Czech from both linguistic and sociolinguistic points of view in various periods. They should also choose only relevant means of expression, with sufficient frequency. Furthermore, they need to find texts the stylistic norm of which provides an opportunity to use Common Czech, to some extent or fully (today as well as in the past). Ali these aspects are significant, although their hierarchy may be varied; using identical materiał, it is thus possible to arrive at different generalizations.
Stylistyka
|
2007
|
vol. 16
393-404
PL
The experience of time passing , perceived both individually and as a group, being a psychological fact and contributing to complex cultural relations, determines historical knowledge (the interpretation of historical processes and definition of facts). We should remember, when we talk about the interpretation of time, understood as the assessment of historical facts, allowing for the integration of a given society around an idea, around va- lues constituting their cohesion and, to a considerable extent, determining its relations with the outer world, that it is always a product of social discourse, grinding views, a se- arch for such a vision of the futurę with which at least the groups most important to a community’s functioning would identify.The letter of John Paul II addressed to the nations of Poland and Ukrainę, in which the question of evaluating the tragic events in Volyn during World War II was brought up, is the subject of this analysis. The article attempts to answer the question (taking into consi- deration the complexity of the process shaping mutual neighbourly relations) how the Pope endeavours to attain his objective, which is to encourage Poles and Ukrainians to re- concile and to reject the past for the sake of tasks facing united Europę.The Pope’s letter is undoubtedly a speech realized with the use of lexical and stylistic means typical for religious language. At the same time, the analysis shows that certain elements of the letter are typical for the language of politics.The Pope’s text in the world of freedom and pluralism, where numerous political sub- jects make contact with society by means of varied language, escaping explicit assessment, is marked by an expressive, easily recognizable description of reality and ans- wers a common need (the Pope feels responsible for the word, and builds a speaker-reci- pient relationship in order for the reader to become the subject capable of creating the world), thus he is appreciated and noticeable in the world of mass culture.
EN
This paper will present a corpus-based study on the translated language of tourism, focusing in particular on the stylistics of tourist landscapes. Through a comparative analysis of a specifically designed corpus of travel articles originally written in English (namely the TourEC-Tourism English Corpus) and a corpus of tourist texts translated from a variety of languages into English (namely the T-TourEC – Translational Tourism English Corpus), the study will investigate a selection of collocates, concordances and keywords related to the description and representation of tourist settings in both corpora. The aim will be that of identifying differences, aspects or practices to be potentially improved that characterize the translated language of tourism with respect to tourist texts originally written in English. Results will show that the discursive patterns of translated texts differ from the stylistic strategies typically employed in native English for the linguistic representation of landscape and settings due to phenomena of translation universals, and that these differences may affect the relating communicative functions, properties and persuasive effects of tourist promotional discourse.
PL
The article deals with the problem of the stylistic of the novel by Mikhail Bulgakov TheMaster and Margarita. Literary style of the novel is often referred to satire, parody and grotesque.Nonetheless, Bulgakov’s novel can not be called a comic one, since its ideologicalessence belongs to the category of tragedy, in which catharsis goes beyond the existentialsituation of individual characters and transforms into the transcendental sphere. The styleof the novel takes on the triple model, which is subject to speech style of the characters andnarrative.The first stylistic group in the article is called high-style (statements of Woland, YeshuaHa-Nozri and Pontius Pilate), the second style of low (expressions represent by Moskovdwellers) and the third - middle style (statements of Margarita and Woland’s retinue). Thelatter category is the most sophisticated and includes all the other stylistic groups. It combinesboth of the previous style as the Margarita, Koroviev and cat Behemoth act as intermediariesbetween the two worlds (the higher world of the truth and the lower world of falsehood).
PL
Korzeniowski’s novel features different colours (white, yellow, red, green, skyblue (azure), brown, pink, orange, gray and black) that describe and specify the appearance of the protagonists, their places of abode and the surrounding nature. The significance of these ”primary” colours are then complemented with a special vocabulary of light and shade that renders not only the beauty of the characters in the novel but chiefly their emotions and experience. The colours are to distinguish and differentiate the protagonists of the book, who are identifiable by coded references to colours. They are representatives of the local petty gentry, impecunious minor noblemen, who nevertheless live sumptuously and above their station and the colours are to show their bad taste and poor choices. This group is contrasted by a traditionally living family of the Starzyckis, who are faithful to their tradition and live a modest and orderly life, while their ideals concerning order and modesty can be seen even in their dress. Thus, the colours attributed to them and to their environment are to reevaluate virtues, highlight values and those traits of character that the author of the novel considered most important. Fanciful and colourful little things as well as the colours used in the descriptions of nature underline the realism of the setting in the novel. Colours in Kollokacja are mainly evoked in the linguistic creation of the protagonists and their emotions, whereas much more sparingly in descriptions of manors, houses and nature, which emphasizes even more the dominant role of the characters of the novel and the subordinate role of nature and the description of villages and cottages as the setting for the novel.
EN
The article attempts to decide whether the sports report is more about the information or the commentary. On the basis of an analysis of press material, the author examines different characteristics of the genre and tries to determine their compatibility with the news canon. As the analysis shows, the contemporary sports report is less about news and more about commentary, interpretation and evaluation. Journalists tend to summarize the competition and briefly describe the course of events. It makes the sports report similar to press comment and review.
EN
The advice article is one of the multiple forms of expression in use among general lifestyle magazines aimed at women. Its shape, both style and structure-wise, allows authors to exhaust all the possibilities of persuasive action, which is typical for this group of magazines. The analysis of the materials, taken from ten separate magazines published in the first quarter of 2016, shows that the stylistic range of advice articles is not sophisticated, and so their style is definitely not the most important factor which determines the pleasure of reading. It is also possible to notice that in the down-market magazines (‘Dobre Rady’, ‘Naj’, ‘Pani Domu’, ‘Tina’) this type of an article is usually produced in a form of a corpus (body) made of modules, using the formula of a register. These texts are smaller in size and compositionally more simple (short sentences, usually single sentences or simple relative clauses), with regular use of a question-answer configuration, with exclamations to show emotions, and lists. The act of giving advice is generally based on direct, specific instructions, formulated in a direct style, appropriate for the ‘parenetic’ (persuasive) character of the publication. The editorial boards of magazines such as ‘Olivia’ or ‘Swiat Kobiety’ heavily emphasize the professionalism of their guidance. The authors clearly display their intent to create a more friendly relationship with their female readers, but at the same time encourage them to follow the line of argument more carefully and to think for themselves. In these texts the syntax is more complex, more varied rhetorical terms are used, and the signals of mutual dialogue are present; the factual, graphic and cognitive layer of a publication blends with its practical usage in a much better way.
EN
Pamiętnik Wacławy by E. Orzeszkowa is a novel presenting the fate of a young woman in a twofold reality: at first, it is assigned to the drawing room and social life; then, in the second stage, to a study. An important role in the linguistic creation of Wacława’s fate is played by the parents: mother – the parlor lady, father – researcher, university professor. The construction of these characters reflects the two different worlds that a young woman explores in order to ultimately choose the latter. The language (style, lexis, syntax) corresponds with the creation of Wacława as a spoiled miss (in the first volume) and a mature young lady (in the second volume).
EN
Registers in Bulgarian Journalist Discouse: Review: Andreana Eftimova, Registri v zhurnalisticheskiia diskurs, Universitetsko izdatelstvo “Sv. Kliment Okhridski”, Sofiia 2018, 244 pp.The article is a review of Andreana Eftimova’s study Registri v zhurnalisticheskiia diskurs [Registers in Journalistic Discourse].Rejestry w bułgarskim dyskursie dziennikarskim. Rec.: Андреана Ефтимова, Регистри в журналистическия дискурс, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски”, София 2018, 244 ss.Artykuł stanowi recenzję pracy Andreany Eftimowej Регистри в журналистическия дискурс [Rejestry w dyskursie dziennikarskim].
Stylistyka
|
2018
|
vol. 27
33-46
EN
The paper concerns the problem of axiology exponents in the Polish academic discourse of the 16th century. The research proved that this kind of exponents refer to different discourse levels, from the topic of the discourse, through the field of science, to metatext. As for language determinants one can distinguish evaluating lexis, modal verbs and style exponents (e.g. comparisons, phraseological constructions, enumera- tions). The analysis shows that the subjective aspect of the texts confirms the initial stage of the Polish academic discourse forming process. Furthermore, the style diversity reflects the discourse state which was then rather practical than theoretical.
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