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Testament życia w świetle Europejskiej Konwencji Bioetycznej a możliwość składania oświadczeń pro futuro w prawie polskim

100%
Jachnik E.
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM
|
2014
|
issue 4
PL
Artykuł dotyczy popularnego ostatnio w debacie publicznej tematu testamentu życia, czy oświadczeń pro futuro w ogóle. Pierwsza część artykułu opisuje krótko genezę podpisania Konwencji o ochronie praw człowieka i godności osoby ludzkiej w odniesieniu do zastosowań biologii i medycyny, powody oraz cele jej podpisania, a także jej specyfikę. Z drugiej części możemy dowiedzieć się czym jest testament życia, czy łączy się on z pojęciem eutanazji, co rozumiemy pod pojęciem terapii uporczywej, a także czym są oświadczenia pro futuro. Część trzecia przywołuje i poddaje analizie poszczególne artykuły omawianej konwencji, które dotyczą wprost oświadczeń pro futuro. Część czwarta poświęcona jest praktycznym problemom, które mogą powstać przy próbie prawnego unormowania zagadnienia testamentu życia.
EN
This article applies to the popular - in public debates recently - topic of living wills or pro futuro statements in general. The first part of the article briefly describes the genesis of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regards to the Application of Biology and Medicine, the reasons and objectives of its signing, as well as specifics of the document. In the second part, we learn what the living will is, whether it connects with the concept of euthanasia, what is meant by futile medical care and what the pro futuro statements are. The third part recalls and analyses various articles of the discussed Convention, which relate directly to the pro futuro statements. The fourth part is devoted to the practical problems that may arise if attempts to regulate the legal issues regarding the living will are undertaken.
2
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Problem uporczywej terapii w świetle filozofii człowieka

84%
Szałata K.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2009
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vol. 7
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issue 2
9-18
EN
The problem of medical futility, which combines the issues of euthanasia, is one of the most difficult matter of medical ethics. The theraphy becomes futile when a patient is in an agonizing state and none of the extraordinary actions can restore the life processes, which are coming to the end. The documents of Catholic Church state that actions which do not serve human life any more should be stopped so that let a man in agony die with dignity. However, under any conditions it is allowed to cause death of a man in active or passive way. Euthanasia is not only against the medical ethos but also the content of the medicine which serves the human life. The author of the article defines the conception of medical futility at the level of anthropological philosophy and notices that in practice the designation of the moment, when we deal with the medical futility, belongs to the doctors who depends on his empiric knowledge and wisdom.
3
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New humanism or posthumanism? Ethical and legal aspects of the legalisation of euthanasia in the world in the years 2000-2015

83%
Kobyliński A.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
|
2020
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vol. 18
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issue 5
155-170
PL
Głównym celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie dyskusji dotyczącej eutanazji, która dotyka fundamentalnych aspektów życia człowieka: podstaw ludzkiej godności, sensu bólu i cierpienia, rozumienia zycia wiecznego, wartości i jakości życia itp. Wszystko wskazuje na to, że proces legalizacji eutanazji będzie postępował w najbliższych dziesięcioleciach. Dziś potrzebny jest nowy paradygmat bioetyki, zbudowany na nowym humanizmie, który pozwoli na adekwatną analizę fenomenów śmierci, cierpienia i umierania. Ten nowy paradygmat może być efektywnym narzędziem w dyskusji nad śmiercią na życzenie.
EN
The main aim of this article is to outline the discussion on euthanasia that affects the basic aspects of human life – the foundation of human dignity, sense of pain and suffering, the conception of the afterlife, quality and value of life, etc. All the indications are that the process of the legalisation of euthanasia will develop in the coming decades. Today we need a new paradigm of bioethics, built on the basis of a new humanism, which will allow us to adequately analyse such phenomena as death, suffering and dying. The new paradigm of bioethics can be an effective tool in the dispute over the death on request.
4
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Prawo do życia

67%
Wichrowski M.
Przegląd Humanistyczny
|
2015
|
vol. 59(1 (448))
9-30
PL
The aim of the article is to present the issues related to human life protection. First, the author discusses the legal matters related to the European Declaration of Human Rights in the context of value of life. Then, principles of sanctity of life of an innocent human according to the Catholic ethics (from Saint Agustin through Pius XII to John Paul II) are investigated. The Christian attitude is dominant in the continental and broader Anglo-Saxon medical law systems. Utilitarianism with Dutch law as the juridical representative brings the opposing solution. From the point of view of these two fundamental systems, the author presents contemporary thanatology and its notions: the definition of brain stem death, euthanasia, abortion, medical futility, suicide, death penalty, palliative care. Reference to the EU law allows to understand why in case of contentious issues, the member states are free (with the exception of capital punishment) to choose solutions. Thus, certain medical law systems (e.g. Polish solutions) are determined by the principle of the sanctity of life of an innocent human (prima facie), while others (e.g. Holland) to a greater extent follow the utilitarian models. In any case, however, human life is precisely protected under the Declaration of Human Rights.
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