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EN
This article begins with the assumption that despite restrictive conventions authors of academic texts (the humanities being the main focus here) possess a great deal of freedom in creating their texts. On the one hand, such freedom relies on the choice of methods to organize a piece of academic writing, and, on the other, on the use of stylistically varied language markers to indicate such organizing principles. Awareness of the wide range of existing possibilities and substantial space for individual expression is of great psychological importance, especially for inexperienced authors of BA and MA dissertations. Therefore, it is necessary for them to acquire practical, often implicit, knowledge of patterns of written academic communication in order to minimize errors and uncertainties on the path to greater proficiency in writing, and to enable such authors to organize their own academic texts more purposefully.
DE
Der folgende Beitrag geht von der Annahme aus, dass die Autor/inn/en von wissenschaftlichen Texten – trotz einschränkender Konventionen – bei der Gestaltung ihrer Texte viel Spielraum haben. Gemeint sind in erster Linie geisteswissenschaftliche Texte. Diese Bewegungsfreiheit betrifft sowohl die Wahl von textorganisatorischen Handlungen als auch die Verwendung ihrer vielfältigen sprachlichen Indikatoren. Das Bewusstsein des Möglichen und Individuellen ist besonders für angehende Autoren von großer psychologischer Bedeutung. Daher sollte man sie (die Autor/inn/en von Bachelor- und Masterarbeiten) mit diesem prozeduralen, impliziten Textmusterwissen vertraut machen, damit ihr Weg zu mehr Gewandtheit im wissenschaftlichen Schreiben nicht über viele Fehler und Unsicherheiten, sondern über einen bewussten Umgang mit dem eigenen Text führt.
PL
W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy onomastycznej imion i nazwisk bohaterów, jak również form adresatywnych występujących w powieści Hansa Fallady Kleiner Mann – was nun? Typologia badanych leksemów opiera się na zmodyfi kowanej przez autorkę klasyfikacji Ines Sobanski, która wykorzystuje trychotomiczny model znaku językowego Karla Bühlera. W tym kontekście imiona własne są rozpatrywane pod kątem ich funkcji informatywnej, ekspresywnej i apelatywnej.
EN
Croatian and Serbian text linguisticsThis work reviews the actual state of research in the area of textual criticism. The monographic works of Croatian and Serbian linguists were investigated in view of the subject and the methodology being used as well as the contribution that they make to the Slavonic and non-Slavonic text linguistics.Included are the work dated from 1984 (the beginning of the text structure research in different styles of language), till the last publication in 2008.They show multidirectional approaches that were taken in studies, varing from the strictly grammatical analysis of the text that were typical to Croatian linguists, up to the more interdisciplinary ones – psycholinguistic and pragmatic present in the analysis of colloquial discurs in works of Serbian linguists.
EN
The author of the paper, as a form of response to a 2005 critical study of an author from Nuremberg concerning advertising for an action of donation to poor children, gives positive examples of such advertisement actions. The author of the paper presents language means with the aid of which children are portrayed as subjects. The chosen area of advertisement not connected to economy has not been taken into consideration in linguistic research on advertising as yet. In the article communication strategies within the field of public language that serve “a good cause” are pointed out.
EN
Despite the ambiguity of the term discourse in German studies on discourse, a tendency is visible to specify the term for the purposes of particular research studies. These issues are addressed in the opening sections of the article. The article also discusses the relation between text and discourse, and reaches the conclusion stating that discourse linguistics is more than merely an extension of text linguistics, as both phenomena, i.e., text and discourse display a difference in quality. A question is also raised about the place of text in various trends of research on discourse. Particular schools/research groups show diversity in terms of theoretical conceptions, research methods, as well as in relation to the reception of Foucault’s ideas. Texts are in them undoubtedly an element of continuing discourse in the sense of corpus, in discourse analysis itself, however, researchers frequently focus only on selected linguistic aspects, rarely relying on text linguistics tools. The closing sections present a few suggestions within text-oriented discourse linguistics, which is understood here as a trend of the evolutionary character.
EN
In the article the linguistic analysis of verbal-iconic texts was presented, carried out on the example of German demotivators. It is precisely demotivators that constitute an excellent example of how strong and multidimensional the relation between a word and a picture can be. The constitutive feature of demotivators is the coexistence of two sovereign, and yet to some extent, also symbiotic planes that the plane of language and the plane of picture pose. In turn, the type of relation in which the above mentioned planes remain towards each other determines the functions of demotivators. In the article various types of demotivators were presented, the plane of language and the plane of picture were analyzed as well as the functions of those verbal-iconic texts classified.
EN
Dealing with texts may mean using various research methods. The present paper discusses two such methodological approaches: text analysis and text interpretation. It is concerned, initially theoretically, with the question how these approaches can be explained from the text-linguistics point of view and separated from each other. After that a short text material is used to illustrate the thesis that analyzing and interpreting texts are two different forms of dealing with texts.
EN
By using van Dijk’s concept of coherence and bringing it together with my Principle of meaning iconicity, we have a new way of looking at incoherence in texts. The principle says that closely related information is meaningfully related on a pragmatic level, an instruction to the reader to relate the information to each other. It is demonstrated by textual analysis that the concept of coherence can be used analytically by dividing it into first and second order coherence. First order coherence is the usual concept of coherence: sentences are connected by cohesive links and related by causality, time etc. Second order coherence is a way of organizing text by using incoherence as a way of organizing text into chunks of coherent parts. It is shown how readers can detect these structures in the text by detecting the incoherence even without the layout of the text to signal structure (e.g. indention of paragraphs).
EN
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of profiling and invokes the proposition by Waldemar Czachur (2011) to integrate the Polish school of ethnolinguistics with German discourse linguistics (Diskurslinguistik) in order to investigate the essence of dynamic profiling of meanings and senses. The paper aims to demonstrate further opportunities for such integration. As a point of departure, it uses the definition of profiling by Ronald W. Langacker (1987, 1991, 2009) and attempts to embed it within the paradigms of German text linguistics and discourse linguistics. The categories considered in the paper, undoubtedly subject to the profiling process, include the discourse topic and topics raised in discourse.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest zjawisku profilowania, a przedstawione tutaj rozważania nawiązują do zaproponowanej przez Waldemara Czachura (2011) integracji polskiej szkoły etnolingwistycznej i niemieckiej lingwistyki dyskursu przy wyjaśnianiu istoty dynamicznego profilowania znaczeń i sensów. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie dalszych możliwości integracji. Punktem wyjścia staje się bowiem definicja profilowania, której autorem jest Ronald W. Langacker (1987, 1991, 2009) i podjęcie próby wpisania jej w paradygmaty niemieckiej lingwistyki tekstu i dyskursu. Kategorami, którym poświęcona zostanie uwaga, a które niewątpliwie podlegają procesowi profilowania, są temat dyskursu oraz tematy podejmowane w dyskursie.
EN
"Perfume: The Story of a Murderer" by Patrick Süsking constitutes a perfect example of a literary text which, in its verbal layer, makes use of a variety of a linguistic means aiming to reflect, as accurately as possible, the core notion of the world created in this text, namely scent. A linguistic description of olfactory sensations is an extremely difficult task, as they are highly individualized and they always remain in a close relation with the recipient, drawing from his/her experiences and memories. The language that the author of "Perfume: The Story of a Murderer" employs enchatnts with the abundance of similes and metaphors, which turns dealing with this literary text into a special kind of experience. The article constitutes a linguistic analysis of "Perfume: The Story of a Murderer", whose focal point is the literary title itself and the way it is realized in this novel. The manner of creating the paricular fragrances is analyzed through the description of linguistic structures and stylistic forms that contribute to the coherent picture of olfactory impressions.
EN
Public space more and more often makes use of multimodal texts, combining in them both linguistic and graphic-picture elements. The present article constitutes an attempt at a linguistic analysis of multimodal texts described on the example of city logos. The economization of perception as well as the willingness to present a given city in a way that is attractive for the recipient cause that this kind of text that a logo is, evolves continually. Simultaneously, logo still remains a whole which is coherent in functional and semantic terms and that, in turn, entitles it to be treated in terms of a semiotically arranged visual plane.
EN
The assignment of grammatical gender is among the most intriguing problems in human language. In this paper we discuss the question of semantic versus morphological motivation for gender assignment and agreement by analyzing the grammatical gender of one of the key cultural concepts, i.e. death. In our analysis, we consider how the grammatical category influences conceptualizations of death in cultures and discourses of various nations. We will refer to the images of death in three different languages and cultures: English, German and Polish. Finally, we will illustrate the crosslinguistic problems potentially caused by such differing conceptualizations by analyzing translation challenges connected with the noun death on examples from contemporary popular literature in those three languages. It seems that at the discourse level the semantic cues can influence grammatical gender and override morphological motivation, even in the case of such an important concept as death. The personification of death is a type of hybrid that allows agreement patterns which would be considered incorrect from a purely grammatical point of view.
PL
Klasyfikacja rzeczowników pod względem rodzaju gramatycznego jest jednym z najbardziej interesujących zagadnień dotyczących języka. W poniższym arytkule rozważamy problem rozróżnienia pomiędzy semantyczną a morfologiczno-składniową motywacją rodzaju gramatycznego na podstawie jednego z kluczowych pojęć kulturowych: śmierci. W naszej analizie zastanawiamy się jak kategoria gramatyczna rodzaju wpływa na konceptualizacje śmierci w kulturze i dyskursie. Odwołujemy się do przedstawienia śmierci w trzech kulturach i trzech językach: angielskim, niemieckim i polskim. Na podstawie fragmentów współczesnej literarury popularnej, pokazujemy jakie problemy tłumaczeniowe może sprawiać istnienie tych różnych konceptualizacji. Wydaje się, że na poziomie dyskursu informacje semantyczne mogą wpłynąć na rodzaj gramatyczny nawet w przypadku tak ważnego pojęcia jak śmierć. Personifikacja śmierci jest rodzajem hybrydy, która dopuszcza różne warianty składni zgody, uznawane za niepoprawne na poziome opisu czysto językowego.
EN
The aim of the considerations presented in this paper is to determine the specificity of movement in contemporary dance. This specificity is considered at three levels: as the relationship of body parts to each other, as the relation of the body and part of it to the stage space, and as the relation of the body and parts of it to the qualitative parameters of movement such as speed, tension and size. The research data consist of the descriptions of dance performances, which are published in printed or electronic form during the organization of conferences, meetings and dance theatre festivals.
EN
This article is a review of a monograph on genological research on speech species. The objects of this publication are tomb inscriptions from over 60 necropolises in the north-eastern Lublin Region, which is situated within the borders of the Orthodox Lublin-Chelm Diocese and in the western part of the Volyn oblast in Ukraine. These are ethnically, linguistically, culturally and religiously non-homogeneous areas. The analysis takes into consideration the structure, the type of the functions fulfilled by grave inscriptions, the pragmatic aspect and cultural specificity of the analyzed texts. The subject of the review is to discuss the content of the publication and to implement the research goals undertaken by the author. In assessing the scientific value of the monograph, the current methodological solutions and the role of the study in the context of the state of research in Polish text linguistics were taken into account. The reviewed monograph is a reliable empirical study, however, the adopted description model does not take into account semiotic features that would complete the information about the analyzed texts. The book may be a contribution to Slavonic dialectological studies, especially to the indication of mutual Polish-Ukrainian interferences. It constitutes a source for studying the vocabulary of the borderland. The work may be used for comparative studies of funeral texts.
EN
The article analyzes Nechui-Levytskyi’s writings vocabulary in the D ictionary o f the Ukrainian language under Grinchenko’s editorship. The Dictionary’ o f the Ukrainian language focuses on colloquial speech which shows and highlights everyday people activities. Also we can find the colloquial speech in Nechui-Levytskyi’s literatuře works.
EN
In the conceptual apparatus of Eugenio Coseriu‘s text linguistics, the relationship between the theory of surrounding fields and the practice of text procedures when constructing meaning is well marked. This leads us to understand that the surrounding fields guide the entire text, giving meaning to it, which is objectified by the text procedures. Seen in these terms, the analyses of surrounding fields and text procedures work in conjunction in the hermeneutics of meaning. In this work we propose an analytical device in which surrounding fields and text procedures are utilized to interpret meaning in texts. Furthermore, we expanded the analytical scope of the verbal text for the multimodal text. In order to exemplify the device application, we analyzed a multimodal text: a Calvin and Hobbes comic strip by cartoonist Bill Watterson. This research, thus, aims to contribute to the implementation of the task of transmission, systematization and expansion of Eugenio Coseriu‘s work.
EN
A special place among the research conducted in the field of linguistics, but also other scientific disciplines, is occupied by the broadly understood issues of humour. The aim of the project is primarily to show ways and mechanisms of generating humorous effects in German and British panel shows. Spoken spontaneous humorous utterances have not undergone sufficient studies. The existence of comedy has its origin in the noticing of inconsistent elements constituting structure or content of a comical act. Emphasis has been put on presenting how humorous content is constructed. The explanations were delivered thanks to pragmalinguistic theories and GTVH. There is possibility to include methods used in cognitive linguistics as well. In the research field remain axiological elements as well as the cultural background. The compilation consisting from video clips from both- German and British panel shows, allowed the creation of a comparative base to reach linguistic and cultural conclusions revealing differences and similarities between the compared programmes of the same type that were produced in different countries.
EN
The subject of this publication are linguistic means of evaluation in the text and language, discussed on the basis of the German language of national socialism. The text and its role are perceived here through the prism of values in a universal context, and perhaps first of all through the prism of linguistic means of evaluation represented in it. As ratings are usually assigned to selected elements of reality created with language in order to not only reflect one’s attitude towards these elements but also to implicitly effect a given or desired mental or physical reaction in the recipient of the language message, it should not be surprising that the language of national socialism is examined here in the linguistic and sociocultural perspective. The combination of national values important for the whole community and the official interpretation of truth and non-truth was a priority in the national socialist era. This article deals with the problem related to the interpretation of appropriate situations and their meanings considered as correct from the perspective of the language of values and issues related to manipulation and persuasion.
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