Search results

1

Zapomniana kampania czyli działania lotnictwa morskiego Cesarsko-Królewskich (K.u.K. - c. k.) Austro-Węgier nad Adriatykiem w 1914 r.

100%

Olejko A.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2014

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vol. 50

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issue 1: Historia Wojskowości

83-126

EN

The 1914 campaign on the Adriatic Sea is a subject frequently explored by European researchers. They usually focus on the activities of the navy forces on both sides of the military conflict. The actions of the naval air force, however, have so far been neglected. This article is an attempt to fill that gap on the basis of archival sources and foreign specialist literature. It also starts a series of articles devoted to the activities of the naval air force on the Adriatic during the Great War 1914-1918.

2

In the Streets. The (Non-)Everyday Life in the City of Łodź during the Great War

100%

Karpińska E. G.

Polish Sociological Review

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2015

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vol. 192

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issue 4

549-558

EN

In this essay, I demonstrate how extraordinary was, in fact, the ordinary life in Łódź from the autumn of 1914 to the autumn of 1918, as illustrated by the texts in Nowy Kurjer Łódzki and Nowa Gazeta Łódzka, the two Polish-language daily newspapers issued in the city. I focus on the actions which, once considered everyday, i.e. ordinary and even routine, entered into the field of extraordinariness and created new norms and new routines, or even took control, as a result. I am interested in only those practices and events which unfold in the city space, outside the home and family, i.e. in the areas associated with general accessibility to all the residents.

3

The Song of the Bells: First World War Songs in Romanian Tradition

88%

Ispas S.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

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2023

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issue 1

69-84

EN

The centenary of the end of the Great War, the War of Nations, First World War, has multiple meanings, expressed concretely in European geopolitics. This event, which occupies an exceptional position in the history of the last century, has led to the appearance in folklore of an epic-lyric category with specific features, Songs of Military and War. In Romanian folk literature, there is an impressive number of such poetic texts. Along with other categories of war memories — personal histories, family histories, and the versified songs of the soldiers, they make up a unitary and rich chapter of war folklore. In the occupied areas there were requisitions of all kinds: clothes, food, animals, objects, and especially bronze objects for the manufacture of weapons. Such a requisition took place in the village of Poiana Sibiului in Transylvania in which the villagers attended a funeral-like ceremony bidding farewell to the bells in song, ‘The Song of the Bells’

4

La mise en récit de la Grande Guerre : remarques sur l’instance narratrice dans Un long dimanche de fiançailles de Sébastien Japrisot

88%

Jakubowska-Cichoń J.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2014

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vol. 61

99 - 108

EN

This article is devoted to the study of Sébastien Japrisot’s novel Un long dimanche de fiançailles (A Very Long Engagement) that belongs to the current of literature denouncing the military authorities’ abuses during the First World War. The article concentrates on the novel’s narrative devices, especially on the relations between the narrator and the protagonist’s discourse, with the intention to demonstrate that the narrator voluntarily renounces his enunciative authority, thus sharing the protagonists’ value system. In the context of the topical tendency to question the Great War’s events, the narrator’s egalitarian attitude seems eloquent, in that it legitimates the discourse that condemns the very notion of authority.

5

Odkrywanie cielesności. O bohaterkach powieści „Łuk” Juliusza Kadena-Bandrowskiego i „Kochanek Lady Chatterley” Dawida Herberta Lawrence’a

88%

Głowacka-Czarnopyś G.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2018

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issue 13

233-248

EN

The article contains a comparative analysis of twofemaleprotagonists in Łuk by Juliusz Kaden Bandrowski and Lady Chatterley’s Lover by David Herbert Lawrence. The comparison draws from the fact that both writers were considered as scandalizing by their contemporaries. The two discussed novels present transformations of the heroines, socially liberatedas a result of the Great War. The article analyses the female discovery of sensuality as a common motif of the two novels. It shows the literary images of feminine sensuality in the context of interwar vitality, aesthetic experience of human body and sexuality perceived as visual and tactile sensations.

6

Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)

87%

Kobiałka D.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2018

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vol. 23

105-136

EN

This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.

7

Mobilising the Red Cross Journal: A Charity’s Periodical in Wartime

75%

Gehrhardt M.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

13-32

XX

The first issue of the Red Cross Journal was published in January 1914, only eight months before the outbreak of the First World War. This article explores the impact of the war on this publication, as the work of the charity it represented dramatically expanded over the course of the conflict. How did the Journal survive the war, at a time when the Red Cross was deeply involved in supporting soldiers? This article examines the genesis of this publication and its evolving role during the war. This periodical, we argue, not only helped raise awareness of the work carried out by the Red Cross, but it also served practical purposes in the areas of training and funding. This publication reveals an increasingly critical stance towards the British Empire’s enemies in the war, as well as the need for the British Red Cross Society to foster a sense of unity amongst members posted around the world.

8

The Great War, Independence, and Latvian Literature

75%

Kalnačs B.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2018

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vol. 62(4 (463))

9-21

EN

The article focuses on the representation of the year 1918 in Latvian literature. On November 18, the independent Republic of Latvia was proclaimed, and in the years to come international recognition of the state’s sovereignty followed. In retrospect, this event stimulated a number of salutary descriptions and interpretations and certainly provides a milestone in the history of the Latvian nation. It is, however, also important to discuss the proclamation of independence in the context of the Great War that brought a lot of suffering to the inhabitants of Latvia. Therefore, a critical evaluation of the events preceding the year 1918 is certainly worthy of discussion. The article first sketches the historical and geopolitical contexts of the period immediately before and during the Great War as well as the changed situation in its aftermath. This introduction is followed by a discussion of the novel 18 (2014) by the contemporary Latvian author Pauls Bankovskis (b. 1973) that provides a critical retrospective of the events leading to the proclamation of the nation state from a twenty-first century perspective. Bankovskis employs an intertextual approach, engaging with a number of earlier publications dealing with the same topic. Among the authors included are Anna Brigadere, Aleksandrs Grīns, Sergejs Staprāns, Mariss Vētra, and others. The paper contextualizes the contribution of these writers within the larger historical picture of the Great War and the formation of the nation states and speculates on the contemporary relevance of the representation of direct experience, and the use of written sources related to these events.

9

Existait-il un argot des poilus ?

75%

Goudaillier J.-P., Descartes U. P., jean-pierre.goudaillier@paris5.sorbonne.fr

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica

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2015

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vol. 010

EN

There are few linguistic studies about the register of the French language spoken during the First World War, on the front and behind it. There are many written testimonies, but not all have been analysed and therefore it is for the linguistic researchers to dig out into this vast corpus and present their conclusions. Even if since then the linguists have indicated that there is such an argot of the poilus, it’s of outmost importance, from a methodological perspective, to update the neologisms of the 1914–1918 War in order to determine if the French soldiers on the front did speak such an argot.

FR

Peu d’études linguistiques sont consacrées au registre de langue française employé pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, ceci tant au front qu’à l’arrière. Les témoignages existants sous diverses formes écrites sont très nombreux, mais tous n’ont pas été exploités, tant s’en faut, et il incombe aux chercheurs linguistes d’exploiter ce vaste corpus en le soumettant à leurs analyses. Même si dès la période de la guerre des linguistes ont pris position quant à l’existence d’un argot des poilus, il est important d’un point de vue méthodologique de mettre au jour les néologismes de l’époque de la guerre 14–18, afin d’établir l’existence d’un tel argot utilisé par les soldats français au front.

10

“Like being trapped in a drum”: The Poetics of Resonance in Frances Itani’s Deafening

75%

Šlapkauskaitė R.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

201-232

XX

This paper considers how Frances Itani’s Deafening imaginatively rethinks our understanding of the Great War in the age of postmemory. Seeing as the novel is set in Canada and Europe during the First World War and takes as its protagonist a deaf woman, the poetic attention given to the senses as a horizon of phenomenological experience magnifies the moral bonds that the characters establish in defi ance of both deafness and death. Guided by the theoretical reasoning of Marianne Hirsch, Elaine Scarry, and Alison Landsberg as well as contemporary phenomenological thinking, most significantly that of Edward S. Casey, Steven Connor, Michel Serres, and Jean-Luc Nancy, this paper examines how the novel’s attentiveness to the materiality of the body in regard to the ethical collisions of sound and silence as well as life and death contributes to a poetics of resonance that generates prosthetic memories, turning the anonymous record of war into a private experience of moral endurance inscribed on the ear of historical legacy.

11

Relikty archeologiczne Wielkiej Wojny. Znikające dziedzictwo, poza nawiasem nauki i konserwatorstwa

63%

Sabaciński M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2015

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issue 1

131-140

EN

Poland is one of the several states which became a theatre of military activities of World War I. The long-lasting trench warfare remained underground relics in the territory of our country, which are an element of tangible heritage. However, a proper conservator’s strategy to protect them effectively has not been developed yet. One of the methods of research of military conflicts is the so-called archaeology of battlefields, which is a novelty, also in Poland. The article points out an urgent need to develop effective methods of protection of material relics of World War I, which have sill survived in the field as relics of field fortifications constructed of non-durable materials, underground remains of military engineering, as well as the objects deposited in the original context or traces documenting the course of fighting. Archaeology is specified as a method for documenting them and drawing research conclusions, impossible to obtain in other research disciplines. A fundamental issue which makes it impossible to employ the conservator’s protection typical for the archaeological heritage is a scale of fights and their great range. For that reason, an effective protection method for such places should be developed, which would have to be based on a valorization of all historical resources. The article draws one’s attention to the hazards for the archaeological heritage of the Great War and points out its persistent marginalization by both researchers and historical monument protection services. It also refers to the problems connected with applying effective provisions of law to the protection of battlefields.

12

Wielka wojna kobiet. Zaangażowanie sióstr Szwedzkiego Czerwonego Krzyża w niesienie pomocy jeńcom wojennym z armii państw centralnych w przedrewolucyjnej Rosji (1914–1917)

63%

Miodowski A.

Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych

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2018

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issue 1(4)

47-74

PL

Kobiety już od starożytności angażowały się w opiekę nad chorymi i rannymi żołnierzami. Do połowy XIX w. pielęgnacja na zapleczu pola walki poszkodowanych wojskowych była dla markietanek jedynie dodatkowym zajęciem. Humanitarny aspekt ich służby zyskał na znaczeniu na przełomie XVIII i XIX w. wraz z intensyfikacją wojen napoleońskich. W okresie Wojny Krymskiej zachodnioeuropejska opinia publiczna wymusiła na elitach politycznych i wojskowych zgodę na włączenie do obsad szpitali polowych personelu kobiecego. Siostry miłosierdzia, jak i wspomagające je świeckie wolontariuszki współdziałając z lekarzami wojskowymi wspólnie zapoczątkowali w latach 1854-1855 proces rozwoju nowoczesnej medycyny pola walki. Wielka Wojna z racji swej powszechności i wykorzystywania nowoczesnego uzbrojenia przyniosła z sobą nie tylko więcej niż dotąd ofiar śmiertelnych, ale i niespotykaną wcześniej liczbę rannych i chorych żołnierzy. Globalny konflikt zbrojny lat 1914-1918 wymagał, więc zaangażowania kobiet już nie tylko przy ratowaniu rannych z pola walki i przy ich pielęgnacji w przyfrontowych szpitalach polowych, ale też wyznaczył im nową rolę, jaką stała się opieka nad będącymi w złej kondycji milionami jeńców wojennych.

EN

Women have been involved in the care of sick and wounded soldiers since antiquity. Until the mid-nineteenth century, the care in the back of the battlefield of injured servicemen was only an additional occupation for the marquetes. The humanitarian aspect of their service gained importance at the turn of the XVIII and XIX centuries, along with the intensification of the Napoleonic wars. During the Crimean War, the Western European public opinion forced the political and military elites to agree to include the female staff in field hospitals. The Sisters of Mercy, as well as secular volunteers assisting them in cooperation with military doctors together initiated the process of development of modern martial arts medicine in the years 1854-1855. The Great War, due to its universality and use of modern arms, brought not only more deaths than ever, but also an unprecedented number of wounded and sick soldiers. The global armed conflict in the years 1914-1918 therefore required the involvement of women not only in rescuing the wounded from the battlefield and taking care of them in the front-line field hospitals, but also set a new role for them, which was taking care of the millions of prisoners of war in bad condition.

13

Mesjanizm Stanisława Przybyszewskiego

63%

Grajek M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia

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2015

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vol. 33

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issue 1

EN

The article describes the path of Stanisław Przybyszewski, broadly considered as a decadent towards the messianism concept. Basing on the theory of five world views by Michał Łuczewski, the author presents the writer’s apoliticism and life choices. The article outlines the romantic basis of Przybyszewski’s mindset, as well as the impact which the changing environment – move to Berlin, editing “Życie” magazine in Kraków, and years of cooperation with Poznań’s based “Zdrój” – had on him. The paper describes a significant influence that Juliusz Słowacki’s writing – especially the ones from his last, genesian period – had on the writer. The author analyses Przybyszewski’s perspective on Słowacki – first in the period of editing “Życie”, and later – working with “Zdrój”. The article distinguishes the contrast of influence which Słowacki had on Przybyszewski and Wincenty Lutosławski. The author points to the crucial rationale for writer’s changing world view: time of the Great War, and his financial problems due to declining popularity. This period is presented as the time of exploration – resulting in Przybyszewski’s turn to the romantic ideas of mysticism and messianism.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia drogę Stanisława Przybyszewskiego, uważanego powszechnie za dekadenta, do idei mesjanistycznej. Autor tekstu, na podstawie teorii pięciu światopoglądów stworzonej przez Michała Łuczewskiego, przedstawia apolityczność pisarza i jego życiowe wybory. W artykule ukazane zostaje romantyczne podglebie światopoglądu Przybyszewskiego, a także konsekwencje wynikające ze zmian przezeń środowiska – od wyjazdu do Berlina, przez okres redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, po lata współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. W tekście omówiono również przemożny wpływ na pisarza utworów Juliusza Słowackiego z jego ostatniego, genezyjskiego okresu. Na zasadzie kontrastu przedstawione zostały dwie drogi inspiracji Słowackim – Przybyszewskiego oraz Wincentego Lutosławskiego. Analizie poddano również stosunek pisarza do Słowackiego zarówno w okresie redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, jak i późniejszej współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. Jako najistotniejsze przyczyny przemian światopoglądowych Przybyszewskiego wskazane zostają załamanie sytuacji finansowej pisarza, wynikające ze spadku popularności jego utworów, oraz trudna sytuacja literata podczas wielkiej wojny. Ten moment, zdaniem autora artykułu, stanowi w biografii Przybyszewskiego czas poszukiwań, zwieńczony zwrotem pisarza w stronę romantycznych idei mistycyzmu i mesjanizmu.

14

Ohne Flieger kein Sieg – Bez lotników nie ma zwycięstwa! Szkic z działań lotnictwa austro-węgierskiego i niemieckiego w przeddzień przełamania gorlickiego 1915 r. w świetle archiwaliów i literatury pamiętnikarskiej

63%

Olejko A.

Galicja. Studia i materiały

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2021

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issue 7

81-106

EN

The study included in this volume presents the latest state of research on the subject of aerial-aviation operations over the Galicia Eastern Front, before the breakthrough operation in TarnówGorlice in 1915. The above study is based on a little-known source base, shows the contribution of the air force to the plan of the Gorlice Breakthrough from 1915, which was not professionally developed with the use of the source database of both warring parties. Studies that appeared on the Polish book market in 2015 and 2018 do not fill this gap.

PL

Studium zamieszczone w niniejszym tomie prezentuje najnowszy stan badań nad tematyką powietrznych działań lotniczych nad Galicją – frontem wschodnim, przed przełomową operacją tarnowsko-gorlicką w 1915 r. Studium oparte jest na mało znanej bazie źródłowej, pokazuje wkład sił powietrznych w powstanie planu przełamania gorlickiego z 1915 r., które nie doczekało się profesjonalnego opracowania z wykorzystaniem bazy źródłowej obu walczących stron. Nie wypełniają tej luki opracowania, które ukazały się na polskim rynku księgarskim w 2015 i 2018 r.

51%

Gałecka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2015

|

issue 1

23-41

EN

During the Great War, 342 000 square kilometres, that is, nearly 90 percent of the territory of Poland (within the borders before 1939) were the areas of direct military activities. Out of the 16 provinces, damages and losses directly caused by the war were recorded in 13 of them. The total number of buildings destroyed or significantly damaged during the war (following the data referring to the area of the former Kingdom of Poland only) was over 1 884 000. The direct causes included artillery and gun fire, dismantling for the purposes of trenches and other military purposes, fuel, as well as accidental or intentional fires. In 1915, the withdrawal of the Russian army involved deliberate destruction and burning of buildings. As specified in the statistical data, the largest losses as regards buildings in the territory of the present-day Lublin Province (taking into account the losses in the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland) were recorded in the district of Chełm – 41.9% (the largest of all districts). In other districts, the percentage of destroyed buildings was as follows: in the district of Hrubieszów 29.5%, Tomaszów 21.2%, Lubartów 21.1%, Lublin 17.6%, Krasnystaw 17.4%, Puławy 16%, Biłgoraj 14.7%, Zamość 12.8%, Janów 8.8% and Łuków 8.2%. Within those districts, many towns with historical buildings and historical churches, Orthodox churches, synagogues and public utility buildings were destroyed. One of the most valuable towns destroyed during the War was Kazimierz nad Wisłą, in which a number of historical, 17th-century tenements were burned. The article describes the destructions in three towns of the Lublin Land: Krasnystaw, Końskowola and Ostrów Lubelski. Krasnystaw during World War I was conquered three times. It was a strategic town, among others, for the reason of the nearby Russian railway Lublin – Chełm – Kowel. Within the historical town (that is, excluding the suburbs), 180 buildings were destroyed, including 68 residential ones. The Baroque, former Jesuit church of Francis Xavier, built in the years 1695- 1717 following the design of the architect Jan Delamars, was damaged. The brick synagogue and the seat of town authorities were burned. In 1915, the Russian army withdrawing from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland fought fierce battles on the section Końskowola – Kurów – Markuszów – Garbów – Jastków. They resulted in, among others, the destruction of Końskowola, in which 326 buildings out of the 333 recorded ones were burned. Roman Catholic churches have survived, but other parish buildings and the historical bell tower from 1778 were destroyed. The synagogue built before 1882 was burned and, for that reason, it was closed until 1921. The wooden residential and utility buildings in Ostrów Lubelski were destroyed nearly in 2/3 in August 1915, as the fire caused by artillery fire of German forces, attacking the withdrawing Russian army, destroyed 512 residential buildings (out of 822 recorded in 1914). The brick, Baroque Roman Catholic church, built following a design of the architect Paweł Fontana and a brick Orthodox church built in the years 1888-1890 following a design of the architect Wiktor Syczugow, were damaged by bullets. The history of wartime destructions and the losses borne during World War I concerning single historical monuments, groups of monuments and in the areas of historical urban complexes has not been examined and described exhaustingly, and many archival sources have not been studied yet.

Refine search results

Zapomniana kampania czyli działania lotnictwa morskiego Cesarsko-Królewskich (K.u.K. - c. k.) Austro-Węgier nad Adriatykiem w 1914 r.

In the Streets. The (Non-)Everyday Life in the City of Łodź during the Great War

The Song of the Bells: First World War Songs in Romanian Tradition

La mise en récit de la Grande Guerre : remarques sur l’instance narratrice dans Un long dimanche de fiançailles de Sébastien Japrisot

Odkrywanie cielesności. O bohaterkach powieści „Łuk” Juliusza Kadena-Bandrowskiego i „Kochanek Lady Chatterley” Dawida Herberta Lawrence’a

Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)

Mobilising the Red Cross Journal: A Charity’s Periodical in Wartime

The Great War, Independence, and Latvian Literature

Existait-il un argot des poilus ?

“Like being trapped in a drum”: The Poetics of Resonance in Frances Itani’s Deafening

Relikty archeologiczne Wielkiej Wojny. Znikające dziedzictwo, poza nawiasem nauki i konserwatorstwa

Wielka wojna kobiet. Zaangażowanie sióstr Szwedzkiego Czerwonego Krzyża w niesienie pomocy jeńcom wojennym z armii państw centralnych w przedrewolucyjnej Rosji (1914–1917)

Mesjanizm Stanisława Przybyszewskiego

Ohne Flieger kein Sieg – Bez lotników nie ma zwycięstwa! Szkic z działań lotnictwa austro-węgierskiego i niemieckiego w przeddzień przełamania gorlickiego 1915 r. w świetle archiwaliów i literatury pamiętnikarskiej

The Great War Revisited: The Laughter of the Fool and the Shame of the Coward in Paul Bailey’s Old Soldiers

Cesta k Paktu čtyř velmocí, 1933

STEFAN BŁACHOWSKI WŚRÓD ZAWIERUCHY WIELKIEJ WOJNY

Wydarzenia 1918 roku i ich konsekwencje we współczesnych litewskich podręcznikach historii

1914-1918 : les boissons des Poilus

Wielka Wojna na Lubelszczyźnie. Zniszczenia historycznych miast i losy zabytków