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The need of being purified of sins, reconciled with Got and willingness of having the wrongs committed repaired, has always been present not only in Judaism and Christianity but also in all other religions. The Old Testament shows the Chosen Nation’s sinfulness, the mystery of its iniquity as well as the ability to do penance and be converted. Various peniten-tial practices are its expression. Among them a distinctive place is given to fasting, prayer and almsgiving. The Old Testament speaks about Got who is full of mercy and forgives those who repent and shows them His love. Jesus began his teaching with the call to repentance and penance. Christianity has accepted penitential legacy of the New Testament and that of the first Christians, creating numerous pious practices and devotions for the benefit of the spiritual revival. In the course of the ages the spirit of penance in the Church has developed and in various ways enlivened hearts of the faithful. This article deals with the spirit of penance in the Old and New Testament. It also analyses penitential liturgy and ascetic practices that were in support of spiritual revival. The final part points to the most popular contemporary penitential acts and devotions that prompt repentance among the faithful.
EN
The issue was discussed primarily on the grounds of the legal acts and documents of the Magisterium and the legislation of the Republic of Poland. Additionally, there were presented theological and canonical views, as well as those referring to the doctrine of the Polish law. At first, the theological and canonical aspect of the Sacrament of Penance was presented within the said issue. Then, there were discussed problems relating to the protection of the sanctity of the Sacrament of Penance on the basis of the canon law. With this respect, the essence of the mystery and secrecy of confession was explained in the beginning, then there were shown forms of its infringement. Furthermore, we presented crimes which might be committed in the administration and reception of the Sacrament of Penance and canonical sanctions resulting from such commission. In the context of the presented issue, it was also essential to emphasize the protection of secrecy of confession in the Polish law, particularly on the grounds of the Polish procedural law, mainly with respect to the existing inadmissibility of evidence relating to information received under the seal of confession in the criminal, civil and administrative procedures. The paper also addressed the possibility of taking a legal responsibility before Church Court for violating the seal of confession in the Polish law.
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