Search results

1

The Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the Interwar Period

100%

Scridon A. C.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 1

190-195

EN

Aim. The Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary and Yugoslavia encountered a series of shortcomings between the two world wars. Conclusion. Regardless of the political realities of the times, the Romanians coalesced around the Romanian Orthodox Church. That is why, not by chance, the great poet Mihai Eminescu identifies the Romanian Orthodox Church with the institution that preserved the Latin element near the Danube. The activity of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary and Yugoslavia in the interwar period was mainly performed by priests.

2

Handel na Południowym Podlasiu w okresie międzywojennym

100%

Zawadzki A.

Historia i Świat

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2012

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issue 1

111-142

EN

In the years 1918-1939, trade constituted one of the main branches of economy. More people were employed in trade than in industry. The highest employment rate, however, was recorded in farming and crafts. The condition of the region depended entirely on the economic policy and the situation of the country. The trade plant network was characterized by irregular location. The majority of shops were located in not numerous towns, whereas in rural areas, which were populated by more than 80% of the inhabitants, shops were relatively rare. The sector structure showed superiority of shops, usually small or very small ones, selling foodstuffs. Another group of shops were stores selling clothes, footwear as well as materials. The interwar trade’s distinctive feature was also the nationality of shopkeepers, most of whom were Jewish.

3

Reymont na Balu Prasy

100%

Bourkane M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2022

|

issue 43

133-138

EN

The article discusses an unpublished short manuscript by Władysław Stanisław Reymont. A note placed by the author of The Peasants on a ball ticket from 1922 constitutes a starting point for the reconstruction of a minor, although particularly interesting, episode from the late period in the artist’s life.

4

„Przemówił dziad do obrazu” – historia pewnej polemiki

92%

Sadlik M.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria

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2018

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vol. 18

113-120

RU

The following paper is a recollection of a series of articles by Tadeusz Kudliński, published in ”Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny” (1936–37). “Teatralne mielizny” were very popular with readers, especially young playwrights, supported by the critic. The articles written by the Cracow „teatrał” (theatre man) aroused a heated discussion in the press, and the initiative to create Studio 39 can be regarded as its aftermath. Contrary to previous assurances concerning the final conclusion of the ”sandback” dispute, Kudliński took up the topic again nine months after the publication of the last part of the series, and his text “Przemówił dziad do obrazu” provoked the response by Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński. Thus, the whole discussion on the articles, as well as the theatre initiative brought to life by their soul, ends with three polemical texts, published in press, whose main character has, unexpectedly, become the hero of an old Polish proverb.

5

Selected Linguistic Features of Political Propaganda Language in the Soviet Polish Language in the Interwar Period (Based on Moscow Newspaper “Trybuna Radziecka”)

89%

Graczykowska T.

Slavia Orientalis

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2018

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vol. LXVII

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issue 4

6

Małżeńskie prawo osobowe ustawodawstw porozbiorowych obowiązujących w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

88%

Stawecka-Firlej A.

Prawo

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2013

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issue 315/2

75 - 94

EN

The aim of the study is to identify various systems of matrimonial law in force in the territory of the Republic of Poland in the interwar period; in the central, southern and western provinces. There were five different systems of matrimonial law in the area of the Republic of Poland, however the most important of them: the law on marriage of 16 March 1836 — in force in the territory of the former Polish Kingdom, Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) of 1811 — in force in the territory of the former Austrian partition and German Civil Code (BGB ) of 1896 — in force in the territory of the former Prussian partition, were discussed in this article. The different institutions of the personal matrimonial law, taking into account the regulations of individual legal systems concerning betrothal, marriage and its effects, dissolution of the marriageor married life, and the impact of the effects of divorce and separation on the legal relationship between spouses, were described in the article. The main aim was to compare the matrimonial law having a strictly religious nature (Polish Kingdom) with the law, in which the principles of the canon law were in force as the rules of civil law, however the church law was taken into account only to a very limited extent (ABGB), and with the law, in which the institution of marriage was only a public institution (BGB).

7

Polski epizod Aleksandra Wertyńskiego

88%

Bielniak N.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2018

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vol. Tom 3 Nr XXIII

7-18

EN

Alexander Vertinsky belongs to the group of representatives of the first wave of Russian emigration, whose refugee history interwove with Poland. The article discusses the issue of the singer’s multiple stays in Poland in the interwar period. While visiting our country, the artist gave concerts in many cities, recorded albums, collaborated with the “second stream theatre”, and made numerous acquaintances, among others, in the environment of actors, writers and politicians.

8

Zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa militarnego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej przez Związek Radziecki w okresie międzywojennym

88%

Włodarkiewicz W.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2022

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vol. 1

49–62

EN

The article elucidates the endangerment to Poland's military security by the USSR in the interwar period of three sub-periods: 1921-1926, 1926-1935, and 1935-1939. The fragmentary sources of the undertaken research complexity are dispersed, secured in the Polish and foreign archives. In Poland, the reconnoiter of this topic began after the turn of 1989. Almost throughout the entire period under investigation, the Polish supreme State and military authorities assessed that the USSR (until December 30th, 1922, Russia) is the biggest threat to Poland's military security. In March 1939, they reconsidered this assessment focusing on Germany as the main threat to Poland's independence, mistakenly assuming that in the early period of the war, the USSR would remain neutral. The article analyzes, therefore, the Polish assessments of the USSR's sinister actions aimed at undermining the security of the Republic of Poland, and Polish counteractive decisions and safeguarding activities

9

Uwagi o sowietyzmach w polszczyźnie etnicznej i radzieckiej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (na materiale „Encyklopedycznego słownika wyrazów obcych. Pochodzenie wyrazów, wymowa, objaśnienia pojęć, skróty, przysłowia, cytaty” Trzaski, Everta, Michalskiego i moskiewskiej „Trybuny Radzieckiej” z lat 1927–1938)

88%

Graczykowska T.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2016

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vol. 40

EN

Observations on the Soviet Vocabulary in the Ethnic Polish Language and the Soviet Polish Language in the Interwar Period (Based on Trzaska-Evert-Michalski “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Foreign Words” and “Trybuna Radziecka,” 1927–1938)The paper discusses the Soviet vocabulary extracted from “Trybuna Radziecka”, a central Polish weekly published in Moscow in 1927–1938 and edited by Polish left‑wing intelligentsia, living in the USRR as political émigrés in this period as well as some Sovietisms included in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Foreign Words, edited by S. Lam, published by Trzaska-Evert-Michalski in Warsaw in 1939. The author tries to demonstrate that the new realities of life and state power in the Soviet Union had immense influence on the Polish language in Russia in the interwar period, and especially on the language of “Trybuna Radziecka.” This weekly was imbued with Sovietisms. They were in common use of the Poles living in Soviet Russia in the interwar period. The Soviet vocabulary in Trzaska-Evert-Michalski dictionary represents two layers. The first one includes lexical items fully assimilated by the Polish language, e.g. kołchoz, komsomolec. The second one contains exotic words, used occasionally, e.g. ispołkom, krasnoarmiejec, otlicznik, piatiletka. Uwagi o sowietyzmach w polszczyźnie etnicznej i radzieckiej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (na materiale Encyklopedycznego słownika wyrazów obcych. Pochodzenie wyrazów, wymowa, objaśnienia pojęć, skróty, przysłowia, cytaty Trzaski, Everta, Michalskiego i moskiewskiej „Trybuny Radzieckiej” z lat 1927–1938)W artykule omówiono słownictwo radzieckie zarejestrowane w Encyklopedycznym słowniku wyrazów obcych wydanym w 1939 r. w Warszawie przez Trzaskę, Everta, Michalskiego, pod redakcją S. Lama i jednocześnie odzwierciedlone w „Trybunie Radzieckiej”, która ukazywała się w Moskwie w latach 1927–1938. Sowietyzmy zamieszczone w słowniku Trzaski i in. można podzielić na dwie grupy. Pierwszą grupę stanowią wyrazy, które nigdy nie były w powszechnym użyciu w komunikacji językowej Polaków, mogły się pojawiać okazjonalnie w tekstach publicystycznych, zyskując odcień żartobliwy czy ironiczny. Zapożyczenia te nie są zasymilowane (np. ispołkom, krasnoarmiejec, otlicznik, piatiletka). Grupę drugą tworzą wyrazy będące jedynymi nazwami określonych desygnatów, niezbędnych do opisania socjalistycznej rzeczywistości w Rosji radzieckiej. Są one całkowicie przyswojone przez język polski (np. agitka, kołchoz, komsomolec). W odróżnieniu od polszczyzny ogólnej, w porewolucyjnej polszczyźnie radzieckiej wszystkie te jednostki występowały bez żadnych ograniczeń (często świadczy o tym ich duża frekwencja tekstowa oraz rejestracja w innych źródłach radzieckich).

10

Romantyzm jako etykietka pseudohistorycznoliteracka (In margine czeskich międzywojennych dyskusji i polemik literackich)

87%

Gwóźdź-Szewczenko I.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2011

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issue 1

EN

The article deals with the specific presence of the term romanticism in the interwar period (1918–1939) in Czechoslovakia. In the introduction, the author stresses the lack of a precise definition of the term as well as two ways of understanding it. On the one hand, the term romanticism refers to the complex historical and literary movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century. On the other hand, however, it is associated with something trivial, which does not deserve much attention. The author attempts to analyse the way the term is used in literary discussions and polemics in the interwar period in Czechoslovakia. The author comes to the conclusion that the term 'romanticism' was a sort of historical and literary label stuck to adversaries in order to belittle them and their ideas.

11

„Młodości mej stolica”, czyli Kraków literacki i teatralny we wspomnieniach Tadeusza Kudlińskiego

77%

Dobrowolska J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria

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2018

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vol. 18

173-191

RU

In my article I reconstructed the picture of literary and theatrical Cracow in the years 1918–1939, represented in the memorials 'Młodości mej stolica. Pamiętnik krakowianina' z okresu między wojnami (the extended edition, 1984), written by Tadeusz Kudliński. The author was an active participant of the cultural life of this city and a bystander of the great social and historical changes after Poland regained its independence in 1918. I tried to confront his subjective view of the important artistic events and processes in the interwar period with the objectivism of historical studies. Kudliński presented a complete and detailed image but, naturally, he paid more attention only to some facts, disregarding or briefly mentioning others. I wanted to understand the motivation behind thematic selection of the material. In the first part of this article, I analysed Kudliński’s „gallery of the portraits” of Cracovian writers and theatre people, paying special attention to the applied genre convention and description method. In the second part, I presented some individual elements of the literary Cracow panorama: professional organisation and institutionalisation of the literary life, the functioning of the publishing market, the development of local newspapers and periodicals, the financial situation of the writers and the meaning of tradition and avant-garde. In the third part, I reconstructed the image of the theatrical Cracow and the author’s views on the philosophy and aesthetics of the theatre. My main objective was to show the great documentary value of Kudliński’s memories – due to their factographic credibility and variety of content 'Młodości mej stolica' can be a valuable source of knowledge about the history of Cracow.

EN

In my article I reconstructed the picture of literary and theatrical Cracow in the years 1918–1939, represented in the memorials 'Młodości mej stolica. Pamiętnik krakowianina z okresu między wojnami' (the extended edition, 1984), written by Tadeusz Kudliński. The author was an active participant of the cultural life of this city and a bystander of the great social and historical changes after Poland regained its independence in 1918. I tried to confront his subjective view of the important artistic events and processes in the interwar period with the objectivism of historical studies. Kudliński presented a complete and detailed image but, naturally, he paid more attention only to some facts, disregarding or briefly mentioning others. I wanted to understand the motivation behind thematic selection of the material. In the first part of this article, I analysed Kudliński’s „gallery of the portraits” of Cracovian writers and theatre people, paying special attention to the applied genre convention and description method. In the second part, I presented some individual elements of the literary Cracow panorama: professional organisation and institutionalisation of the literary life, the functioning of the publishing market, the development of local newspapers and periodicals, the financial situation of the writers and the meaning of tradition and avant-garde. In the third part, I reconstructed the image of the theatrical Cracow and the author’s views on the philosophy and aesthetics of the theatre. My main objective was to show the great documentary value of Kudliński’s memories – due to their factographic credibility and variety of content 'Młodości mej stolica' can be a valuable source of knowledge about the history of Cracow.

DE

In my article I reconstructed the picture of literary and theatrical Cracow in the years 1918–1939, represented in the memorials 'Młodości mej stolica. Pamiętnik krakowianina z okresu między wojnami' (the extended edition, 1984), written by Tadeusz Kudliński. The author was an active participant of the cultural life of this city and a bystander of the great social and historical changes after Poland regained its independence in 1918. I tried to confront his subjective view of the important artistic events and processes in the interwar period with the objectivism of historical studies. Kudliński presented a complete and detailed image but, naturally, he paid more attention only to some facts, disregarding or briefly mentioning others. I wanted to understand the motivation behind thematic selection of the material. In the first part of this article, I analysed Kudliński’s „gallery of the portraits” of Cracovian writers and theatre people, paying special attention to the applied genre convention and description method. In the second part, I presented some individual elements of the literary Cracow panorama: professional organisation and institutionalisation of the literary life, the functioning of the publishing market, the development of local newspapers and periodicals, the financial situation of the writers and the meaning of tradition and avant-garde. In the third part, I reconstructed the image of the theatrical Cracow and the author’s views on the philosophy and aesthetics of the theatre. My main objective was to show the great documentary value of Kudliński’s memories – due to their factographic credibility and variety of content 'Młodości mej stolica' can be a valuable source of knowledge about the history of Cracow.

12

Polak-katolik, Niemiec-ewangelik – obecność stereotypu narodowościowo-wyznaniowego wśród ludności kościerskiej okresu międzywojennego (1920-1939)

75%

Rachwalska J.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2018

|

issue 1(366)

211-223

EN

The purpose of the article is a portrayal of a stereotypical national and confessional notion of a Polish Catholic and German Protestant during the interwar period (1920-1939) in Kościerzyna as well as a complementation of the results of general studies of the town’s history. The assumption stating that the existing stereotype was formed during the Reformation as an aftermath of the encounter between two dissimilar sets of culture, nationality and faith points towards the stereotype’s durable character as well as its prevalence and influence on how the individuals belonging to the two realms perceived one another. This has rendered questions regarding the origins of the said stereotype extremely urgent, in particular with regard to Kościerzyna as part of Kashubia. Furthermore, the characteristic traits and the content of the stereotype is another area of inquiry. Thirdly, what factors shaped the body of the above mentioned stereotype and how it was perpetuated in the communal mind is another matter of interest. An exhaustive analysis of the archival sources including population records, documents drawn by the town’s public servants and a district office’s reports allowed to recreate the town’s ethnic structure in the period of 1920-1939 and proved that German Catholics and Polish Protestants were found among its inhabitants. That said, analysis of the body of the literature, the press, written memoirs and collected interviews (based on Jan Błuszkowski’s statute concept of a stereotype) revealed that the essence of the stereotype is rooted in associating nationality with confession, a dualistic notion of us versus them and other characteristic features such as durability, irrelevance of experience, activation of language, emotionally-burdened valuing and reliance on a partially twisted image of the investigated community.

13

Жанр послання у функціонально-стильовій системі української мови

75%

Graczykowska T.

Slavia Orientalis

|

2021

|

vol. LXX

|

issue 1

14

Kulturní vztahy mezi Československem a Nizozemskem v letech 1918‒1938 z pohledu Společnosti Nizozemsko ‒ Československo

75%

Sklenářová S.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

|

2014

|

vol. 22

|

issue 2

117-139

EN

The study describes the cultural relations between the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia in the interwar period from the perspective of the Netherlands – Czechoslovak Association (Vereniging Nederland – Tsjechoslowakije) which was founded in the Netherlands in 1922 and whose activities were interrupted by World War II. In the end, the association ceased to exist after the February coup in Czechoslovakia. Due to the fact that the cultural agreement between Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands wasn’t signed until 1937, the activities of the organization, which aimed at promoting cultural awareness of Czechoslovakia in the Netherlands, belonged to a significant moment in the mutual relations of the two countries especially with regards to culture.

15

Piekielne, latające maszyny”, czyli nowoczesność według Kornela Makuszyńskiego

75%

Chrobak M.

Rocznik Przemyski

|

2014

|

vol. 50

|

issue 2: Literatura i Język

109-120

EN

The author analyzes the books for children and young adults written by Kornel Makuszyński in the interwar period in the context of modernity. The article discusses the motifs of travelling by train, flying by airplane, urban and industrial landscapes, construction of the Gdynia seaport, and others, in selected 1930s novels: Awantura o Basię (Argument about Basia), Wielka brama (The Great Gate), Skrzydlaty chłopiec (The Winged Boy) and Wyprawa pod psem (Expedition with a Dog). On the basis of those works of fiction the author discusses Makuszyński’s attitude to progress, urbanization and technological developments, i.e. the phenomena which absorbed Polish society between the two world wars.

16

Recreational and Sports Activity of Prison System Employees in Poland in the Interwar Period

75%

Urban R.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie Kultura Fizyczna

|

2016

|

vol. 15

|

issue 4

51-68

PL

Celem artykułu jest omówienie uwarunkowań rozwoju i prezentacja osiągnięć w zakresie działalności rekreacyjnej i sportowej pracowników więziennictwa polskiego w okresie międzywojennym. Odzyskanie przez Polskę niepodległości w 1918 r. zmobilizowało reprezentantów wielu grup zawodowych (policjantów, wojskowych, personel więzienny) do podjęcia inicjatywy utworzenia zrzeszeń branżowych. Ich głównym zadaniem była wszechstronna pomoc, opieka lekarska oraz troska o zachowanie zdrowia poprzez organizowanie działalności w zakresie rekreacji i sportu. Przedstawiciele więziennictwa już w styczniu 1919 r. powołali Związek Dozorców i Pracowników Więziennych, przemianowany wkrótce na Związek Pracowników Więziennych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Dostrzegając znaczenie aktywności fizycznej dla prawidłowego rozwoju organizmu oraz konieczność regeneracji sił po wyczerpującej pracy, Związek wystąpił z projektem budowy domów uzdrowiskowych, tworzenia stanic wodnych, powołania klubów sportowych oraz organizowania rywalizacji sportowej. Początkowo działalność w tym zakresie rozwijała się powoli, ale z czasem objęła coraz więcej oddziałów Związku, działających w zakładach karnych na terenie całego kraju. Do końca lat 30. XX w. stan infrastruktury uzdrowiskowej, rekreacyjnej i sportowej osiągnął zadowalający poziom, a zasady współzawodnictwa sportowego zostały ustalone.

EN

The aim of the article is to discuss conditions for the development and a presentation of achievements in the field of recreational and sports activity of Prison Officers Poland in the interwar period. When Poland regained independence in 1918, it mobilized many representatives of professional groups (the police, the military, the prison staff) to take the initiative of creating trade associations. Their main task was comprehensive help, medical care and concern for the preservation of health by organizing activities in the field of recreation and sports. In January 1919, representatives of the penitentiaries established the Prison Guards and Officers Association renamed soon the Prison Officers Association of the Republic of Poland. Recognizing the importance of physical activity for the proper development of the organism and the need to recover after exhausting work, the Association came up with a project of building health and medical resorts and creating boathouses, as well as establishing sports clubs and organizing sports competition. Initially, the activities in this field developed slowly but gradually the action involved more and more branches of the Association in prisons throughout the country. By the end of the 30s of the twentieth century, the state of health spa infrastructure, recreation and sports had reached a satisfactory level and the rules of sporting competition had been established.

17

Statuty sodalicji mariańskich kobiet w Krakowie w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

75%

Krzysztofek K.

Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego

|

2018

|

vol. 21

157-179

EN

The women’s sodalities existing in the interwar period in Krakow consisted of women deriving from different backgrounds – they gathered teachers, clerks, the members of the Female Teacher Seminar in Krakow, and higher educated ladies. The provisions of the state law concerning the rules of creating associations did not apply to them. The sodalities were subject only to the provisions of canon law. Th ey focused especially on the spiritual development of their members and helping them in religious development. The statutes of the women’s sodalities in Krakow presented in the article despite being similar in many regulations were adopted to the specific situation of different sodalities. In addition it could be seen that the sodalities statutes were trying to develop and in

PL

Sodalicje mariańskie kobiet działające w okresie międzywojennym w Krakowie skupiały w swoich kręgach osoby wywodzące się z różnych środowisk – nauczycielki, urzędniczki, członkinie Seminarium Nauczycielskiego Żeńskiego w Krakowie czy też kobiety legitymujące się wyższym wykształceniem. Były to organizacje, do których nie znajdowały zastosowania przepisy prawa państwowego regulujące prawo do stowarzyszania się – podlegały wyłącznie przepisom prawa kanonicznego. Sodalicje kładły nacisk przede wszystkim na ukształtowanie duchowe członków i zapewniały im pomoc w rozwoju religijnym. W statutach omawianych w pracy sodalicji kobiet działających w latach 1918–1939 w Krakowie pomimo podobieństwa widać dostosowanie dokumentów do potrzeb konkretnej grupy społecznej, dla której były tworzone. Widoczne jest ponadto poszerzanie statutów o nowe niezbędne rozwiązania, choćby w kwestii powoływania organów kontrolnych w sodalicjach

18

Uwagi o języku Elementarza Henryka Balka i Zofii Charszewskiej z 1940 roku jako przyczynek do badań polskojęzycznych podręczników w Związku Radzieckim

75%

Graczykowska T.

Heteroglossia. Studia Kulturoznawczo-Filologiczne

|

2023

|

issue 14

179-194

EN

The aim of this paper is to present a new object of linguistic research, namely the entirety of publishing activities (mainly textbooks) intended for the Polish minority living in the USSR. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first section, the author shows the historic and political kontext of this publishing activity for Polish citizen speaking Polish in the interwar period. Thanks to autonomy, there appeared the possibility of education in Polish and publishing of textbooks for the Polish education, which was a part of the Soviet Union’s schooling system – the most important tools for the indoctrination and sovietisation of all nationalities, including the Polish minority. The second part presents the textbook entitled Elementarz by Balk and Charszewska, published in Moscow in 1940 and intended for learning Polish to children starting primary school education. The paper focused on the description of how propaganda and ideology were implemented in the Polish-language textbooks (eg. portraits of Stalin, Lenin, short readings contained difficult, clearly political context for young children). In the second part some distinctive features in the field of syntax, inflexion and lexis found in Elementarz are also presented. Analysis shows that deviations from the general Polish are not numerous (only 12 items). Most of them represents sovietisms – lexems denoting new objects and phenomena of Soviet reality, mainly borrowed from Russian (eg. kołchoz, szturmowo).

19

Głośne procesy kobiet w II Rzeczypospolitej – perspektywa kryminologiczna

63%

Płońska E.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

|

2019

|

vol. 18

|

issue 2

141-163

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najciekawszych procesów sądowych z udziałem kobiet w epoce dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. W opracowaniu wykorzystano następujące podstawowe metody badawcze: metoda analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa oraz analiza porównawcza opracowań teoretyczno-empirycznych z zakresu literatury przedmiotu. Specyficzne przypadki kobiet – uczestniczek procesów karnych omówiono opierając się na materiale archiwalnym. Uzupełniająco autorka odwołała się także do dorobku polskiego piśmiennictwa i literatury przedmiotu z zakresu prawa, socjologii i kryminologii.

EN

The purpose of the article is to present the most interesting lawsuits involving women in the interwar period. The basic research methods used in the study are: the method of analysis and criticism of literature, and a comparative analysis of theoreticalempirical studies in the field of literature on the subject. Specific cases of women, participants of criminal proceedings, were discussed based on archival material. In addition, the author also referred to the achievements of Polish literature and subject literature in the field of law, sociology and criminology.

20

Język jako element świadomości społecznej (na przykładzie Polski po 1918 roku)

63%

Sagan-Bielawa M.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

|

2017

|

issue 24

211-224

EN

This paper has been inspired by social sciences. According to Stanisław Ossowski, social consciousness is the sum of ideas, opinions and convictions shared by a society. Every community has the ability to construct its own language ideologies (denoted in Polish by the term świadomość językowa ‘language awareness’). The paper describes how the part of social consciousness that is related to the language, was reflected in Polish press after the regaining of the independence. Attitudes towards variation and all the other linguistic phenomena seem to have been influenced by the previous partition of the country, and regional and political stereotypes. View of the language was based on both linguistic knowledge and the common opinion. The paper attempts to demonstrate that social consciousness consists largely of general and mutually exclusive opinions which a more detailed analysis does not support. Notwithstanding, these convictions do have an indirect influence on the development of the language.

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