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1
100%
Rocznik Tomistyczny
|
2020
|
vol. 1
|
issue 9
265-289
EN
The aim of the paper is to present the following, how Thomism was understood by Bocheński, next, path of Thomistic inspirations he had followed, and finally we show Thomism Bocheński had explored when teaching his own philosophical abbreviation (ABC tomizmu). Analysis based on these issues would allow to identify the specific features of Thomism studied and explored by Bocheński. Hence, the question we might pose does not to regard the fact whether Bocheński was a Thomist or not but, what sort of Thomism he represented. Bocheński should rather be considered to be a traditional Thomist than existential one because in his philosophical work he barely treated the problem of act of existence and importance of this particular problem. However, he refrained from adopting the method fundamental for traditional Thomism, which is strict adherence (fidelity) to source texts of Aquinas. Bocheński, in being open to achievements of contemporary philosophy, especially logic, was closer to Louvain Thomism. But, he never decided to implement modern scientific trends to philosophy of Aquinas, the tendency which was foreign to the very essence of philosophy, at least in its shape understood by Bocheński. In his philosophical views Bocheński was closer to Aristotle and the Aristotelian tradition. And because he preferred to follow Aristotelian realism he consequently kept that stance. His interest in analysis the utterances of Thomism from a perspective of logic allow to classify Bocheński to analytical Thomism, but we should remember that in times contemporary to Bocheński, the very notion of analytical Thomism had not been coined. The aforementioned conclusions allow to recognize originality of Thomistic thought represented by Bocheński and also, to admit that Bocheński’s thought cannot be classified univocally to a particular school of Thomism.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2020
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vol. 1
|
issue 9
245-264
EN
Józef Bocheński was born on 30th August 1902. He graduated from the Secondary School in 1920 and immediately after the final exam (matura) he joined the 8th Ulhan (light cavalry) Regiment and took part in a final part of a Polish-Bolshevik war. After the war, in 1922, he joined studies in law at the University of Lwów and after two years he attended the University in Poznań in order to study political economy. These studies were interrupted in 1926 when Bocheński joined the Seminary in Poznań which he left when moving to the Dominican novitiate in Cracow. There he adopted names Innocenty Maria. After one year of a novitiate he was sent to philosophical studies at the University in Fribourg in Swizerland, he graduated in 1934 . Two years earlier however, he was ordained a priest and in 1936, along with Jan Salamucha, Franciszek Drewnowski and Bolesław Sobociński, he organised the so called Cracow Circle. After receiving a doctorate in theology he was appointed a professor of logic at Angelicum, and he officially remained there until 1940. In 1938 he got habilitation in philosophy at the Faculty of Theology at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. Along with the Polish Corpus of Gen. Władysław Anders he took part in the Italian campaigne. He fought in the battle at Monte Cassino (May 1944). After the end of the Second World War he became a professor of philosophy at Fribourg University and remained at that position until the retirement (1945-1972). He occupied a position of a Dean of Faculty of Philosophy (1950-1952) and a Rector. There he initiated soviet studies which brought him recognition and political significance. He visited Poland in 1987 for the first time since he left in 1939. In the next year he was awarded doctorates honoris causa at the Jagiellonian University and at the Academy of Catholic Theology (ATK) in Warsaw. Moreover, during his emigration he co-operated regularly with the Polish University Abroad established in Londyn. He died in Fribourg on 8th February 1995. During his lifetime Józef Bocheński was changing philosopical schools and views. In his youth he was a Kantian, next, he „converted” to neo-Thomism in its most traditional (handbook and essential) version, which actually was more Aristotelian than Thomistic. The next step was an attempt to „modernise” this sort of Thomism by tools of mathematical logic in order to make Thomas - as Bocheński said himself - no longer his „guru”. In the result, Bocheński ceased to explore the problems and style of classical philosophy in favour of analytical mode of philosophying. He himself divided his scientific work into four periods distinguished as follows, according to interest and passions (and views as well) dominated in particular time: 1) neo-Thomistic (1934–1940), 2) historical- logical (1945–1955) 3) sovietological (1955–1970) 4) systematical- logical (1970–1995).
Forum Pedagogiczne
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2019
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vol. 9
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issue 2/1
93-105
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest prezentacja fragmentu jednego z najciekawszych sporów filozoficzno-religijnych między ks. Józefem Tischnerem a przedstawicielami szkoły tomistycznej w Polsce. Poniższa analiza skupiała się wyłącznie na pierwszej fazie sporu (1968–1972), podstawowym celem opracowania jest jednak wydobycie głosów krytyki kluczowych w obecnie toczącej się dyskusji nad kształtem współczesnej edukacji religijnej w Polsce, jak również dostrzeżenie ważnych argumentów w tej kwestii. Zdaniem autora niniejszego opracowania, ukazanie struktury filozoficzno-teologicznego sporu doprowadzić ma do odsłonięcia kontekstu edukacyjnego, który lokuje tę dyskusję w przestrzeni krytycznych analiz pedagogiczno-religijnych.
EN
The article presents an analysis of Józef Tischner’s debate with Thomism. Leaving aside the historical and personal influences which shaped the debate, the author is trying to assess the presented polemics on two fundamental planes: metatheoretical and anthropological. The text constitutes an attempt to answer the question: are the two disparate approaches bound to remain seen as ever confronting, or is there a possibility of them entering a constructive dialogue?
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PL
Zainteresowanie współczesnej etyki biznesu myślą św. Tomasza jest powszechnie znane, o czym świadczą publikacje takich autorów, jak D. Mele, P. Santori, M. Hirschfeld, eksponujące tematykę rynku, handlu, ale także kwalifikacji moralnych lidera biznesu. W szczególny sposób Akwinata stał się obecny w różnych teoriach przywództwa, cytowanych ze względu na jego aretologię. Liczne badania koncentrują się na cnotach lidera, w szczególności dotyczących stosunku do ryzyka (np. roztropność), ale także wytrwałości w dążeniu do dobra (np. długomyślność). Wiele współczesnych kursów MBA czerpie pośrednio z dziedzictwa tomistycznego, choć coraz większa liczba autorów wskazuje ostatnio wyraźnie na to filozoficzne i teologiczne tło. Naśladowanie Boga, najwyższe wezwanie życia moralnego według Akwinaty, odnosi się również do sfery przywództwa, które czerpie z traktatu “o rządach Bożych” w Summie teologii. W ten sposób św. Tomasz staje się również inspiracją dla podręczników dotyczących przywództwa w Kościele, zarówno dla protestantów, jak i katolików, co czyni go “uniwersalnym doktorem” również w tym wymiarze.
EN
The interest of modern business ethics in the thought of St. Thomas is well-known, as evidenced by the publications of such authors as D. Mele, P. Santori, M. Hirschfeld, exposing the topics of the market, trade, but also the moral qualifications of the business leader. In a special way, Aquinas has become present in various theories of leadership, cited for his aretalogy. Numerous studies focus on the indicated virtues of a leader, especially concerning the relationship to risk (such as prudence), but also perseverance in the pursuit of good (such as longanimity). Many contemporary MBA courses draw implicitly on the Thomistic heritage, although an increasing number of authors have recently pointed explicitly to this philosophical and theological background. The imitation of God, the supreme call of the moral life according to Aquinas, also applies to the sphere of leadership, the management of the multitude, which draws from the treatise "on the government of God" in the Summa of Theology. St. Thomas is also the inspiration for textbooks on leadership in the church, and by both Protestants and Catholics, making Him a "universal doctor" in this dimension as well. 
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dwóch koncepcji indywidualności osoby ludzkiej, powstałych we współczesnej filozofii polskiej: Mieczysława Gogacza i Stanisława Judyckiego. Jest to próba spojrzenia na zagadnienie z dwóch różnych perspektyw filozoficznych: metafizyki tomistycznej i epistemologii fenomenologicznej. Ujęcie metafizyczne jest poszukiwaniem odpowiedzi na pytanie o indywidualność osoby w jej strukturze ontycznej, ujęcie fenomenologiczne natomiast koncentruje się na analizie doświadczenia bezpośredniego. Jako rację indywidualności Gogacz wskazuje intelekt możnościowy (bierny) zapodmiotowany w formie substancjalnej (duszy). Judycki utrzymuje, że racją tą jest zamysł Boga, zgodnie z którym stwarza On duszę każdego człowieka jako radykalnie różną od wszystkich innych dusz ludzkich – unikalną. Przedstawione teorie wyrastają z odmiennego sposobu rozumienia osoby. Teoria Gogacza ma charakter substancjalistyczny, nawiązuje do koncepcji osoby Arystotelesa, Boecjusza i św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Koncepcja Judyckiego jest ujęciem relacjonistycznym, zmodyfikowanym elementami filozofii substancjalistycznej. Odwołuje się do relacjonistycznych teorii Platona, św. Augustyna i Kartezjusza oraz substancjalistycznych – Arystotelesa i św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Tomistyczne i fenomenologiczne ujęcia indywidualności wprowadzają do filozoficznej nauki o człowieku niesprowadzalne do siebie, lecz istotne treści.
EN
Etienne Gilson relied his concept of doing history of philosophy on Thomistic metaphysics, so it enable him to distinguish between the proper history of philosophy and history of philosophical texts or history of philosophical doctrine; the former concerns philosophical problems disregarding their historical contexts. He referred to the way of studying history of philosophy, which was worked out by St. Thomas Aquinas as well as Aristotle and Alexandrian scholars before him, who were distinguishing between publication, understanding, interpretation and valuation of the text in text studying. Such history of philosophy allows not only to make synthesis within its framework, but also to pose a question on the adequacy of historical solutions of philosophical problems to real being; in that way history of philosophy becomes auxiliary and supporting science.
11
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Karol Wojtyła – teatr osoby

71%
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 1
123-136
EN
According to Karol Wojtyła’s personalism, a person is both a subject and a relationship. A person is a relational being whose body predisposes him or her to engage in dialogue. The meeting of people, and their relationships as a result of this event, lie at the core of theatre. In his personalistic theatre, Wojtyła created a bridge between Thomism and Phenomenology, exploring the human person as an actor. In Our God’s Brother (Brat naszego Boga, 1945–1950), Wojtyła attempts to “penetrate man,” so as to be able to arrive at the sources of his humanity. What allows one to penetrate man’s nature is the revelation of the relationship between his “I,” understood as the subject which comes to know, and the “you” of the other, recognised in personal experience as a second “I.” The originality of Wojtyła’s drama is contained in its literary and theatrical nature, but its full sense is only revealed in the perspective of Theatrum Dei (especially in Wojtyła’s dramatic trilogy: Our God’s Brother – Brat naszego Boga; In front of the Jeweller’s Shop – Przed sklepem jubilera, 1960; The Radiance of Fatherhood – Promieniowanie ojcostwa, 1967). We could call Wojtyła’s drama of the inner Self the Theatre of the Person.
PL
W koncepcji personalizmu Karola Wojtyły osoba rozumiana jest jako podmiot i relacja. Człowiek jest więc istotą relacyjną, jego ciało jest predysponowane, by angażował się w dialog z drugą osobą. Spotkanie osób i ich wzajemne relacje tworzą w efekcie podstawę teatru i na tej przesłance Wojtyła stworzył swój teatr personalistyczny, w którym połączył mostem tomizm i fenomenologię przedstawiając człowieka jako aktora na scenie w relacji do drugiego. W Bracie naszego Boga Wojtyła próbował „przeniknąć” człowieka, by dotrzeć do źródeł jego człowieczeństwa. Kluczem była relacja „ja”, rozumianego jako podmiot poznający, do „ja” drugiego człowieka. Oryginalność dramatów Wojtyły polega na tym, że autor odwołując się do natury osoby, ukazuje jej pełnię w perspektywie theatrum Dei. Najmocniej jest ona wyrażona w trylogii: Brat naszego Boga, Przed sklepem jubilera i Promieniowanie ojcostwa. Analiza wnętrza osoby, jaka jest tam przeprowadzona, pozwala określić te dramaty jako teatr osoby.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
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2020
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vol. 68
|
issue 4
199-215
EN
Contemporary Thomists strive to demonstrate a compatibility between Aristotelian-Thomistic metaphysics and the theory of biological macroevolution. Recently such positions have been promoted by Dr Mariusz Tabaczek. However, he admits that Aquinas’s teachings need to be substantially modified to make them compatible with theistic evolution. On his view, the main point of controversy is whether the creation of the world has been completed (as Aquinas maintains) or it continues (as it is required by theistic evolution). But the evolutionary postulate of continual creation understood as emergence of totally new substantial forms contradicts not only Aquinas’s doctrine but the classic Christian understanding of creation. Thomistic evolutionists cannot explain the origin of new substantial forms; they refer to accidental changes, such as random genetic mutations, whose accumulation over time would produce new species. This, however, is not possible in the light of Thomistic metaphysics because an accidental change does not produce a substantial change. Additionally, the Thomistic evolutionist concept does not tally with many facts discovered by contemporary science. Thomistic evolutionists abandon the fundamental concepts of Aquinas’s philosophy such as the substance-accidents fold and moderate realism as a cognitive attitude. Hence the conclusion that it is not possible to reconcile biological macroevolution with Aquinas’s teachings.
PL
Współcześni tomiści usiłują wykazać zgodność metafizyki arystotelesowsko-tomistycznej z teorią makroewolucji biologicznej. W ostatnim czasie stanowisko takie poparł Dr Mariusz Tabaczek. Jednak przyznaje on, że naukę Tomasza należy zmodyfikować w istotny sposób, aby można ją było pogodzić z teistycznym ewolucjonizmem. W jego ujęciu główny punkt takiej modyfikacji stanowi kwestia tego, czy stworzenie się zakończyło, czy nadal powstają nowe gatunki. W istocie ewolucyjny postulat powstawania nowych gatunków uderza nie tylko w naukę Tomasza, ale klasyczne chrześcijańskie rozumienie stworzenia. Tomistyczni ewolucjoniści nie potrafią wyjaśnić pochodzenia nowych form substancjalnych. Odwołują się do zmian przypadłościowych, takich jak przypadkowe mutacje genetyczne, których kumulacja miałaby prowadzić do powstania nowych gatunków. To jednak nie jest możliwe w świetle metafizyki tomistycznej, ponieważ zmiana przypadłościowa nie tworzy nowej substancji. Dodatkowo koncepcja tomistycznych ewolucjonistów nie harmonizuje z wieloma faktami odkrywanymi przez współczesną biologię. Tomistyczni ewolucjoniści muszą porzucić fundamentalne pojęcia filozofii św. Tomasza, takie jak złożenie bytowe substancja-przypadłości czy umiarkowany realizm. Nie da się więc pogodzić makroewolucji biologicznej z nauką Akwinaty.
EN
The article shows the connection and similarities between Edith Stein and Saint Thomas Aquinas. The main issue of the considerations is: if we can talk about an intellectual way from Edith Stein to Saint Thomas Aquinas? The analysis have shown that Edith Stein was a person who was looking for the Truth in all her life. On this journey to the Truth we can distinguish 3 basic stages: phenomenological, christian and mystical. Saint Thomas plays fundamental role in the second stage. This Jewish thinker translated the work of Aquinas and conformed his way of thinking with Husserl’s phenomenology. The meeting with phenomenology and Thomism resulted in her decision of life in Carmelite order and analysis of mysticism. 
PL
Artykuł pokazuje powiązania i podobieństwa między myślą Edyty Stein i świętego Tomasza z Akwinu. Główny problem sformułowany został w sposób następujący: czy możemy mówić o intelektualnej drodze Edyty Stein do świętego Tomasza z Akwinu? Analizy pokazały, że Edyta Stein była osobą poszukującą prawdy w całym swoim życiu  a na tej drodze ku prawdzie istotne miejsce zajmuje święty Tomasz. Droga ta posiada trzy główne fazy: fenomenologiczną, chrześcijańską i mistyczną. Do spotkania ze świętym Tomaszem dochodzi w czasie „fazy chrześcijańskiej”. Żydowską myślicielka tłumaczyła dzieła Akwinaty, porównywał jego system z rozważaniami Husserla i sama twórczo komentowała analizy Doktora Anielskiego. Spotkanie z fenomenologią i tomizmem doprowadziło Edytę Stein do decyzji wstąpienia do klasztoru karmelitańskiego i analiz doświadczenia mistycznego.
14
63%
Rocznik Tomistyczny
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2020
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vol. 1
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issue 9
385-391
EN
The notion of ethics has been developed by Bocheński in four areas: 1. Ethics is a normative science regarding human behaviour. Its scientific character means a „systematic research on a particular part of reality”. In the result of its normativity it „not only describes object but also indicates what this object should be like”. When speaks of human behaviour it „makes research on this set of acts who derive consciously (voluntarily) from human free will”. 2. Ethics as a normative science makes research and establishes general goal of human activity and then it considers, from the psychological point of view, a nature of human act which should be an act of realisation of a goal. In this way ethics works out the problem of ethical norm, a principle which should be followed to fulfill human act in order to achieve a goal proper to human being. Additionally, when ethics is grounded in Christian Revelation we may apply the matter of grace as supernatural support from God in fulfilling ethically good human act. 3. „There are two areas of each properly constructed ethics”. The first, in a theoretical way considers five sets of problems: the general goal of human act, the structure of human act, the problem of moral norms, the theory of character and the subject of God’s grace. The aim of the second area is practical analysis of particular features of human character, we understand them as „steady dispo-sition toward proceeding human act easily and energetic” according to a moral norm. 4. Ethics understood in that way can be atrributed to each human being. Hence, each men should adopt and cultivate in himself all properties and ethical norms. „Each human being should posses entirely human and Christian character”. 5. Individual human life shows that a teacher suppose to be equippped in some properties more than a merchant. For that reason, even there exists unity in ethics in general, we may speak of particular ethics. They consists of general ethics and on that ground they develop further principles in particular domains. In the result there may exist business ethics, academic ethics, ethics of prie-sthood, political ethics and military one.
EN
Military ethics as one of a „special ethics” is built, according to Bocheński, on morally obvious right to self-defense and obligation to defend the closest people. It is related to patriotism understood as love of the country, love is a prominent value in defense of which man is willing to sacrifice his life. With regard to characteristics of a soldier Bocheński suggests the following shape of skills and virtues proper for a military job: of prime importance is bravery, connected rather with heroism and honour than with patience and persistence. Also, virtues demanded for the process of taking decision are, as Bocheński claims, key for all militaries regardless their rank, because even the lowest, a private soldier has to decide. When it comes to taking decision, the most essential is a set of skills and values which enable its accurate conduct. Apart from suitable knowledge and skills there are wisdom and prudence as the most important virtues in taking decision. The most significant virtues of superiors, according to Bocheński, are integrity and justice, generosity and humility. Integrity means respect for law. Justice regulates all human relations. Generosity is related to a task of being a superior, and always to some socially important good, furthermore, it is a task of a superior to guide toward that important good. Humility, hence, is a condition to judge themselves and the others properly, what is indispensable for managing people. Taking decisions and superiority are related to a question of military obedience. Ethical fundament of that obedience is common good, to which army is subordinated. That common good is a principle which joins efforts of both, superiors and subordinates. The first condition of obedience is conviction that all members of community serve the same common goal. Order received from a su-perior can be a decision held at one of its stage. There are situations when an order speaks only about the task of planned activity, or it can indicate a set of means available or it may just order so-me action. The virtue of obedience means that we do not question and ponder on particular stages of a process of decision performed by superior but proceed as effectively as possible until the task is fulfilled. In his military ethics Józef Bocheński promotes the ethos of Polish soldier as a knight, hence the spiritual culture is a matter of prime importance in the army. It is crucial to develop this culture within a proper, which is humanist, frame. Advanced development of military technology must be accompanied by a care for advanced moral development.
PL
Philosophy of history practiced in the early modern period and nowadays in Poland appears to be one of the principal trends of Polish philosophical thinking. This thought encompasses various themes and is anchored in realism and Thomistic personalism. Polish representatives of philosophy of history do not disregard theology of history and perceive Christian faith as a historical reality. Therefore apart from philosophy of history they develop theology of history where the understanding of the past of your own nation is a crucial element. In this context the thought of Thomas Aquinas inspires to view history from the philosophical and theological perspective. Franciszek Sawicki, Franciszek Manthey and Czesław Bartnik in their research answer the question about the sense of time and history and the significance of historical processes. They originate from the school of traditional Thomism but they also have a thorough knowledge of modern philosophy Thanks to them we may speak of philosophy of history in Poland which deserves reflection and which is the source of the thought of St. John Paul II. Among them the reflection of Franciszek Sawicki deserves special attention. For Sawicki, Thomism is important as a value which organises his own presentation of the problem. It is, by no means, the repetition of the old tradition as Sawicki frequently refers to the modern thought. The question about the reference of Polish philosophy of history to Thomism is principally realized through personalist references and building social ethic based on philosophy and theology of nation where solidarity and participation are dominant. The abovementioned philosophers, F. Sawicki in particular, focus on the question about man in their reflection on history. For all of them it is Christianity that demonstrates the right form for references among people, the discovery of truth, moral and social activity as well as social and supernatural life, human autonomy and its relation to God.
EN
Filozofia historii uprawiana w czasach nowożytnych i współcześnie w Polsce jawi się jako jeden z podstawowych nurtów polskiego myślenia filozoficznego. Obejmuje ona różne wątki i jest zakotwiczona w realizmie i personalizmie o zabarwieniu tomistycznym. Polscy reprezentanci filozofii historii nie abstrahują od teologii historii, a wiarę chrześcijańską widzą jako rzeczywistość historyczną, dlatego obok filozofii historii rozwijają teologię historii, gdzie ważnym elementem jest zrozumienie dziejów własnego narodu. W tym kontekście myśl Tomasza z Akwinu inspiruje spojrzenie na dzieje z punktu widzenia filozofii i teologii. Franciszek Sawicki, Franciszek Manthey oraz Czesław Bartnik w swojej twórczości odpowiadają na pytanie o sens czasu i historii oraz o znaczenie procesów historycznych. Wychodzą ze szkoły tomizmu tradycyjnego, dobrze znając filozofię współczesną. Dzięki nim możemy mówić o polskiej myśli historycznej, która zasługuje na przemyślenie i z której wypłynęła myśl św. Jana Pawła II. Wśród nich na szczególną uwagę zasługują przemyślenia Franciszka Sawickiego, dla którego tomizm stanowi wartość dyscyplinującą własne przedstawienie problemu, przez co nie powtarza on jedynie dawnych tradycji, a w sposób uporządkowany sięga do myśli jak najbardziej współczesnej. Pytanie o odniesienie polskiej myśli filozofii historii do tomizmu zasadniczo realizuje się poprzez odniesienie personalistyczne i budowanie etyki społecznej na gruncie filozofii i teologii narodu, gdzie dominuje zasada solidarności i uczestnictwa. Wspomniani twórcy, a zwłaszcza F. Sawicki, wiele dróg swoich dociekań budują wokół pytania o człowieka. Dla wszystkich to chrześcijaństwo prezentuje właściwą formę: odniesień między ludzkich, odkrywania prawdy oraz działalności moralnej i społecznej, życia społecznego i nadprzyrodzonego oraz autonomii człowieka i jego związku z Bogiem.
EN
The aim of the article is to present an evolution of views of Thomas of Sutton concerning the problem of essence and existence, and also to trace the impact of views of Giles of Rome on this issue. Based on selected works of Thomas of Sutton, this text outlines the problem of the difference between essence and existence, especially in opposition to the views of Godfrey of Fontaines, who identified the existence of being with the act of its creation. Moreover, Thomas of Sutton should be considered one of the most faithful disciples of St. Thomas Aquinas. Although Thomas of Sutton used the language of Giles of Rome, he accurately grasped the idea of Thomas Aquinas. It therefore becomes clear that the dispute, which arose between Thomas of Sutton and Godfrey of Fontaines over proper description of existence and creation, was a consequence of their different understanding of essence and existence in created beings.
EN
Feliks Karol Koneczny was born in Cracow in 1862. He studied history at the Jagiellonian University and worked in various Cracow science institutions focusing mainly on specific studies about Poland and neighboring countries. Between 1919 and 1929 he worked at the Vilnius University, later returning to Cracow. In this time period he focused on the philosophy of history, publishing his most important works from this area: "Polskie Logos i Ethos", "O wielości cywilizacyj" and "Rozwój moralności". Koneczny died in Cracow in 1949. In his historical studies he was careful to correctly state individual events sticking to the positive traditions of the Cracow school. When creating historical syntheses he considered connecting to Thomism with his philosophical concept of necessary people. He considered historical philosophy, upon which the laws of history are formed from, a final step to historical studies. He used this as a base for his famous theory of civilization as a method of living community. Building historical methodology based on thomistic philosophy lead to Koneczny’s civilization theory differing from other well known ideas of Oswald Spengler and Arnold Toynbee or Erazm Majewski. Without the concepts of people as beings with a body, soul, knowledge, and freedom, Koneczny couldn’t have used the basic categories that comprise the “Quincunx” concepts of truth, goodness, beauty, health and well-being He considered his biggest scientific discovery claiming that there can not be synthesis between civilizations. It is the main similarity between his theory of modern civilization, and the most popular modern theory of Samuel Huntington.
Teologia w Polsce
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2019
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vol. 13
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issue 2
27-40
PL
Artykuł stanowi zwięzłą prezentację treści, które autorka przedstawiła w książce Catholic Theology. W tekście naszkicowane zostają główne nurty teologii epoki posoborowej. Autorka zarysowuje granice pomiędzy alternatywnymi podejściami, wskazując na ich cechy charakterystyczne. Cztery omawiane nurty teologiczne to teologia tomistyczna, teologia nurtu Communio, teologia nurtu Concilium oraz teologia wyzwolenia.
EN
This article is a summary of the arguments contained in the author’s book Catholic Theology. It highlights the fault-lines between four of the most significant approaches to theology in the Post-Conciliar era. The author classifies these four approaches as: (1) Thomist theology, (2) Communio-style theology, (3) Concilium-style theology and (4) liberation theology.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
|
2020
|
vol. 2
|
issue 9
161-172
EN
Social sciences such as psychology, sociology, and political science are in strict relation to philosophy. There is a diversity of ontologies and epistemologies in social sciences. The article first analyses philosophical approaches in psychology, sociology, and political science. Approaches discuss in psychology are: behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology. Approaches discuss in sociology are: functional theory, evolutionary theory, conflict theory, exchange theory, interactionist and phenomenological theory, structuralist theory, critical theory. Approaches discuss in political science are: behaviouralism, rational choice, institutionalism, feminism, interpretative theory, Marxism, normative theory. Then the article discusses personalistic approach in political science that is typical for scientists from the Institute of Political Science and Public Administration of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University. This approach focuses on anthropology of human dignity. Next the article analyses a Thomistic approach which is new in political science. This approach can be developed in two directions: from political science to Thomism or from Thomism to political science. The former way corrects analysis in personalistic political science using Thomistic approach. The latter starts from Thomism and consistently builds political science with Thomistic approach. In conclusions the article is in favor of a dialog between consistent Thomism philosophers and personalist political scientists.
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