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PL
This paper is aimed at analysing the mechanism of choosing the literary language in some writings of José María Arguedas. The author made this choice according to several perspectives: cultural, political and emotional
EN
Ter, ancient Tagara, in the Osmanabad district (Maharashtra), is among the most important sites when discussing Indo-Roman relations. Local production of small artefacts, such as pottery lamps and figurines, reveals an enthrallment for the exotic resulting in new transcultural visual solutions. The shape, iconography, and production process of terracotta lamps of the so-called Indo-Roman type from Ter are a clear witness to this phenomenon. The absence of precise comparisons with Western productions, and the impossibility to connect them to a direct trade of lamps confirm the transcultural value of these lamps. They are indeed the product of intermingling and contact, not just a copy of well-known types; they are better understood as an original product of Indian manufacturers based on a current stylistic trend gathering inputs from different media and materials. The result is a syncretic original product, created to satisfy the refined taste of urban mercantile elites. These lamps definitely show how alien visual culture found a welcoming environment in the countries involved in ancient globalisation.
EN
The coexistence of different nations, races i.e. cultures in the same social space that could be a country, a village or even a company is already a fact. Nowadays, not taking into account the tools of intercultural communication may result in damaging every communicative act. We believe that there is a necessity for revising and explaining the concepts related to the subject of intercultural communication from the perspective of foreign language teaching. In this article we will discuss such concepts as: interculturalism, transculturation, acculturation, integration, identity, etc. We will also look into the origin of intercultural communication. All these reflections will bring us closer to the intercultural competence which, in our opinion, students of foreign languages, i.e. intercultural speakers, should possess. In conclusion, we present the main objectives of the Common Frame of Reference for the Languages of the Council of Europe (2002) with regard to intercultural education.
EN
In this paper, I analyze the concept of liminality and the negative collateral consequences it might bring to the liminal and hybrid character. The definition of liminality is goingto be analyzed as the most characteristic trait of Pauline Puyat’s personality, a mixed- blood character in Louise Erdrich’s Tracks. As a half-breed female, Pauline belongs to both and to none of the two traits that make up her identity. This duality causes in her many contradictory sentiments of isolation, loneliness and jealousy that will gradually disturb her mind and, eventually, she will act in an incoherent manner. By having two identities, Pauline is expected to enjoy her multicultural frame. Contrarily, Pauline Puyat’s liminality and hybridity affects her own self and, at some points, others’.
PL
Tekst omawia problematykę następstw kontaktu kulturowego. W konsekwencji zderzenia grup kulturowych w wyniku migracji dochodzi do procesów i zjawisk wzajemnego ich oddziaływania oraz złożonych interakcji społecznych i przemian kulturowych. Przemiany przybierają charakter wzajemnego dostosowania się i integrowania przybyszów ze społeczeństwem przyjmującym. W wielu przypadkach proces ten trwa kilka pokoleń i nie zawsze kończy się pełną asymilacją. Przystosowanie przebiega przez różne fazy, przybierając rozmaite formy. Początkiem uniwersalizacji kulturowej i transkulturacji, jako odpowiednika asymilacji, jest adaptacja i akomodacja. Przejście od kultury macierzystej do bardziej uniwersalnej kultury kraju osiedlenia jest o wiele bardziej złożonym procesem niż przystosowanie strukturalne. Wymaga przemian tożsamości uczestników asymilacji oraz przemian struktury grupowej. W tekście omówione są główne teorie i koncepcje asymilacji skonfrontowane z realnymi zjawiskami mającymi miejsce we współczesnym świecie.
EN
The text discusses the consequences of cultural encounter. The clash between groups of diff erent cultures in the result of migration provoke a phenomenon of reciprocal interactions and social and cultural changes of a great complexity. The nature of these changes is mutual adaptation and integration of newcomers with the hosting society. This process takes sometimes several generations and not always means the complete assimilation. The adaptation has various stages and forms, but the adaptation and accommodation stimulates cultural universalization and transculturation. The move from native culture into the more universal culture of the country of the settlement proves to be more complex than structural adaptation. It requires changes in the identity of people exposed to the process of assimilation and changes of the structure of the group. The article refers to main theories and concepts of assimilation which are confronted with the current phenomenon in the world.
Porównania
|
2023
|
vol. 33
|
issue 1
367-384
PL
Artykuł jest analizą komparatystyczną dwóch współczesnych powieści, Chmurdalii Joanny Bator i Caramelo Sandry Cisneros, uwzględniającą podobieństwo w konstrukcji tożsamości głównych postaci kobiecych. Obie autorki koncentrują się na młodych kobietach (Joanna Bator na Dominice Chmurze, a Sandra Cisneros na Celayi Reyes), które wyruszają w podróż umożliwiającą im feministyczne samopoznanie poprzez przekraczanie granic geograficznych, historycznych i kulturowych. Autorka artykułu udowadnia, że pomimo oczywistych różnic pomiędzy Polską a Meksykiem, bohaterki Bator i Cisneros buntują się przeciwko temu samemu dziedzictwu katolickiej kultury patriarchalnej w swoich krajach ojczystych, zbudowanemu wokół nacjonalistycznych wizji historii i kanonu literackiego. Stopniowo autorkom Chmurdalii i Caramelo udaje się przepracować traumę historyczną poprzez rekonstrukcję figury doppelgangera i wypracowanie transkulturowej tożsamości feministycznej. Autorka artykułu wykorzystuje nie tylko odniesienia do motywów autobiograficznych w prozie Bator i Cisneros, ale również transnarodowe teorie tożsamości autorstwa Zygmunta Baumana i Amaryll Chanady.
EN
The article provides a comparative analysis of Joanna Bator’s Cloudalia and Sandra Cisneros’ Caramelo with regard to similar identity construction of the main female characters. Both authors concentrate on young women (Dominika Chmura in Cloudalia and Celaya Reyes in Caramelo) who set out for a journey of feminist self-discovery, crossing the boundaries of geography, history and culture. The author of the article argues that, despite the obvious differences between Poland and Mexico, the protagonists rebel against the same legacy of the Catholic patriarchal culture, reinforced by national visions of history and literary canon in the respective countries, and they gradually manage to rework historical trauma by reconstructing the doppelganger figure and creating new transcultural feminist paradigms. The arguments are reinforced not only by references to autobiographical motives in Bator’s and Cisneros’ fiction and diaries, but also by transnational identity studies of Zygmunt Bauman and Amaryll Chanady.
EN
The paper aims to draw attention to the way of achieving transculturation in the novel Deep Rivers (Los ríos profundos) by the Peruvian author J. M. Arguedas. Apart from the linguistic and cultural layer of the novel, the article also brings light to the less studied layer of genre: lyricization, intrinsic to both the indigenous and the Spanish tradition, becomes a point of contact between the two cultures. The combination of oralization and lyricization of the text, together with the tendency to picture the mythical view of the universe gives the novel Deep Rivers many features of a lyricized prose.
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