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EN
The most important translations of the Bible into Polish, i.e. the Catholic Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and the Protestant Gdańsk Bible (1632) were written at the end of the reformation period and were renewed and used in catholic churches and protestant communities until the first half of the 20th century. The reprints were systematically updated. In the 20th century the need to translate again the Holy Scripture into Polish was recognized. There were a few attempts at that in the second half of the previous century. They were always accompanied by heated debates which referred to the need of new translations as well the ways translators adopted to render in Polish selected books, sentences or even words. A religious text functions in a specific system of a higher level, i.e. religion. Religion is understood here as a culture text according to the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. Owing to this interpretation, religion has its own language built onto natural language. Text in natural language constitutes only a fragment of a bigger sign entity. To put it most simply, since a natural text is a subcomponent of a semiotic religious text, any change introduced in the former disrupts the coherence of cultural meaning on a higher level. Because of “a secondary modeling system” (a term coined by Yuri M. Lotman) the language of religious texts is always a bit archaic. This very modeling system prevents the propellers of modernization from a more thorough linguistic update of old biblical translations in Poland and, more often than not, does not let translators depart too far from the translation tradition. Translated by Agnieszka Bryła-Cruz
PL
The most important translations of the Bible into Polish, i.e. the Catholic Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and the Protestant Gdańsk Bible (1632) were written at the end of the reformation period and were renewed and used in catholic churches and protestant communities until the first half of the 20th century. The reprints were systematically updated. In the 20th century the need to translate again the Holy Scripture into Polish was recognized. There were a few attempts at that in the second half of the previous century. They were always accompanied by heated debates which referred to the need of new translations as well the ways translators adopted to render in Polish selected books, sentences or even words. A religious text functions in a specific system of a higher level, i.e. religion. Religion is understood here as a culture text according to the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. Owing to this interpretation, religion has its own language built onto natural language. Text in natural language constitutes only a fragment of a bigger sign entity. To put it most simply, since a natural text is a subcomponent of a semiotic religious text, any change introduced in the former disrupts the coherence of cultural meaning on a higher level. Because of “a secondary modeling system” (a term coined by Yuri M. Lotman) the language of religious texts is always a bit archaic. This very modeling system prevents the propellers of modernization from a more thorough linguistic update of old biblical translations in Poland and, more often than not, does not let translators depart too far from the translation tradition.        Translated by Agnieszka Bryła-Cruz
EN
The Rev. Prof. Aleksy Klawek (1890-1969) was a great Polish Old Testamentscholar who can certainly also be called a great Hebrew scholar.His dream was to create a modern translation of the Bible directly fromHebrew, Aramaic and Greek, and Poland had long been in need of one, asWujek’s translation of 1597 was outdated and not easy to understand. Butit took Klawek years before he decided to present his first fragmentarytranslations; this happened in the late 1930s and 1940s. It is not clear whyKlawek did not join the team of translators of the so-called “Tyniec Bible”,now known as the “Millennium Bible”, in 1959, but being aware of the weakness of Father Augustyn Jankowski’s translating team, Klawek formedhis own team before the publication of the “Millennium Bible” composedmostly of his former Ph.D. students. In the end, we did not receive a moderntranslation of the Bible from Klawek’s hands as he died in 1969. His ideawas put into practice under the editorship of his pupil Michał Peter andMarian Wolniewicz. As Klawek’s translations of Psalms, Song of Songs andDaniel remained unfinished, all that the editors could do was to gratefullyacknowledge Klawek’s initiative. The new “Poznań Bible”, which appearedin the years 1974-1976, is much prized for its quality (clarity and accuracy)and its extensive commentaries.
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