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EN
The first Polish film taking up the problem of cross-dressing was a comedy from 1934, titled "Is Lucyna a Girl?" ("Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna?") by Juliusz Gardan. In the history of Polish cinema there were a few more films about transgender/transvestism. The paper describes these films and indicates what type of socio-moral influence changes the way of showing this type of characters and themes.
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LE GENRE SUR LA SCENE : INCONTOURNABLE SIGNE?

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EN
A commonplace in performance arts wants that putting a man and woman together on stage inexorably brings spectators to see a couple relationship between them. Most of the time, in theater, and inevitably in dance, body is the central significant material of the show. This leads us to question the area of freedom that creators can find through gender restrictions presumed by the convention enunciated earlier. How are they playing with the body to significate beyond feminin and masculin? Through the examples of Théâtre du Trillium‘s Fucking Carl and Collectif Nous sommesici‘sChanging Room, we will approach the way of transvestism, strategy as old as theater itself, and withCompagnieKadidi‘sSamediDétente, we will examine the exploitation of both genders bodily qualities within the same performer, inside the same show. Gender on stage, prison or liberating constraint?
PL
W niniejszym artykule autor analizuje sposoby ujmowania transwestytyzmu szamanów w literaturze naukowej, by następnie przeprowadzić studium przypadku oparte na bezpośrednich badaniach terenowych. Głównym celem studium jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób zmienia się obraz pozornie bardzo podobnych zjawisk, gdy umieścimy je w szerszym kontekście kulturowym. Głównym pytaniem teoretycznym jest to, czy i na ile zasadnym jest porównywanie nietypowych sposobów ubierania się i przyjmowania nietypowych wzorów ról społecznych związanych z płcią w kulturach obserwowanych przez antropologów z podobnymi zjawiskami, które występują w kontekście cywilizacji euroamerykańskiej. Analiza dyskusji wokół tego zjawiska, a przede wszystkim próby wyjaśnienia genezy i funkcji transwestytyzmu czy wręcz transgenderyzmu szamanek i szamanów, mówią dużo o tym, w jaki sposób konstruowane jest zachodnie postrzeganie szamanizmu i samych szamanów. Są one również pouczające w kontekście międzykulturowego postrzegania płci. Analiza przypadku pokazuje, że transwestytyzm szamanki ma bezpośrednio znaczenie religijne, które opiera się nie na tym, że jest on zgodny z dążeniami, skłonnościami szamanki, ale przeciwnie, jego znaczenie opiera się na tym, że szamanka jest przez duchy do takiego zachowania przymuszana. Nie jest on wyrazem, ale przeciwieństwem jej własnej tożsamości płciowej tak na poziomie biologicznym, jak i kulturowym.
EN
In this article the author examines the ways of describing transvestism of shamans in the scientific literature. The author extends the analysis of literature through a case study based on fieldwork. The main objective of the study is to show how the image of apparently very similar phenomena changes when we put it in a broader cultural context. The main theoretical question is whether and to what extent it is justified to compare unusual ways of dressing and adopting atypical patterns of social roles related to gender in cultures observed by anthropologists with similar phenomena that occur in the context of Euro-American civilization. Analysis of the discussion concerning this phenomenon, and above all of attempts to explain the genesis and function of the transvestite or even transgender shamans elucidates how the Western perception of shamanism and shamans themselves is constructed. They are also instructive in the context of intercultural perception of gender. The case study shows that transvestism of shaman has direct religious significance, which is based not on the fact that it conforms with the aspirations, inclinations of shaman, but on the contrary, its importance is based on the fact that the shaman is coerced by the spirits to such behavior. It is not an expression, but the refutation of her own gender and sexual identity.
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 3
171-182
EN
The article concerns the issue of transvestism and the influence of this paraphilia on the capacity to marry. The author focuses on four issues: gender identification, transvestism as a gender identity disorder, pesudotransvestism as a special form of the analyzed paraphilia and the relationship between transvestism and marriage invalidity. The article is a scientific synthesis of legal, jurisprudence, psychiatric and psychological approach to this problem.
5
45%
EN
The article presents an analysis of the scholarly traits of Marjorie Garber (b. 1944) and introduces her key works. It focuses on the methodological aspects of her position in cultural studies, feminism, and new historicism, and also considers the assumptions of these humanities in their correspondences and conflicts. The cornerstones of the analysis turn out to be the possibility of an alliance between psychoanalytical and deconstructivist starting points and Garber´s conceptions of history, transhistoricity, and quotability.
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