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1

Trauma ja elulood

100%
Jaago T.
Mäetagused
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2018
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vol. 71
111-142
EN
The article deals with the manifestation of traumatic experiences in life stories narrated at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century. The manuscripts of these life stories are stored in the Estonian Cultural History Archives. The authors of the stories are guided not so much by artistic aspirations as by the possibility of creating a picture of the past, relying on their own real-life experiences. In the article, the folkloristic narrative research is combined with the concept of trauma theory. On the one hand, life story is seen as a specific text characterised by its relation to a specific cultural background and historical framework. On the other hand, the trauma theory perspective allows to observe the universality of trauma, the interrelation between the events that affect society and the related identity changes. Generally, the narrators do not use the term “trauma”. The texts also lack the topics of being a victim and asking for forgiveness, which are typical of trauma theory approaches. These manuscripts may include discussions of cultural trauma-related public life, but in this case the dialogue between the public attitudes and the narrator’s own experience can be seen rather as a reflection effect or following an example. This makes the life stories unique carriers of information, because they cannot be treated as miniature forms of the trauma culture that is accepted in society or globally. The aim of the comparative analysis of the two stories was to outline the specific features of the language of trauma in a life story. The language of trauma in life stories refers on the one hand to the formation of the narrator’s life truth, and on the other hand, to the presentation that spares the narrator. Traumatic experiences can be distinguished from the story, for example, based on how the narrator associates one or another aspect with the events of his/her life and the formation of beliefs that stem from the life events. These aspects emerge both through the reasoning and through constant repetitions. The descriptions of particularly hard experiences (e.g. life in Stalinist prison camp, divorce) stand out in the stories for their brevity and laconicism. This results from the emotional state of the narrator, the first-person character in the story, at the time of remembering the events or the situation, but on the other hand also from self-defence – the storyteller is unwilling to relive the situation again while narrating. The story presents traumatic experiences in firm connection with other episodes and deliberations, whereby the traumatic experience is positioned in its place in the narrator’s, the first-person character’s development story. The stories also imply that there are other traumatic experiences, which the narrator does not reveal. However, the dynamism of the trauma comes significantly to the fore: an individual’s each trauma experience absorbs new aspects and associations, thus pointing to stages in the development of the individual, as well as to the changeability of the relationships between the individual and the community.
2
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„Chcę rozmawiać”. Autopsychoterapeutyczne funkcje narracji Justyny Bargielskiej i Anny Starobiniec o utracie perinatalnej

100%
Adelgejm I.
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
|
2017
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issue 2 (20) Oblicza kobiecości
103-118
EN
The article discusses a unique experience of death such as a perinatal loss described in Obsoletki by Justyna Bargielska and Spójrz na niego by Anna Starobiniec. The author of the article analyses the ways in which narration aims at assimilating the traumatic experience (in Bargielska’s writing: ‘cataloguing’ the pain of other mothers, ‘a split screen’, adapting external observer’s point of view, dividing the trauma into separate elements, lack of logic; in Starobiniec’s writing: externalization of the loss by the experience of mourning, ‘recreating’ lost relations; in both authors’ cre
3
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Nostalgia for the Lost Homeland as Part of Identity in Alė Rūta’s Works

100%
Žindžiuvienė I. E.
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
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2018
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issue 9 "Memory, Melancholy and Nostalgia"
97-108
EN
The article examines the representation of nostalgic memory of the lost homeland, Lithuania, in the Lithuanian diaspora writer’s, Alė Rūta’s (1915-2011), trilogy called “The Destiny of the Exiled”, which consists of the novels Pirmieji svetur (1984; Eng. - The First Abroad), Daigynas (1987; Eng. – The Seedling Plot), and Skamba tolumoj (1997; Eng. Echoes from Afar). These novels describe the multilayered problems of Lithuanian immigration into the U.S.A. and life of the immigrants there. Alė Rūta (Elena Nakaitė-Arbienė) is a well-known Lithuanian author, most of whose works (novels and collections of short stories and poems, all written in the Lithuanian language) have been published by the publishers of Lithuanian diaspora in the United States of America. The trauma of the loss of the native land results in the transmitted nostalgia in her novels. The author both mourns over the lost homeland and shares with the readers her grief over this loss and longing for seeing it again. In doing this, Alė Rūta echoes the nostalgic voices of many immigrants, who left their native country at different periods. The article also discusses the issue of preservation of ethnic identity, which is constructed on nostalgic and often melancholic memories of the past, and explores different types of nostalgia, which forms a core of Alė Rūta’s trilogy.
4
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Correlation Between Time Perspective and Defense Mechanisms of Ukrainian Students During the War

88%
Lazurenko O., Tertychna N., Smila N.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
198-206
EN
Aim. The article is aimed at proving the hypothesis that there are significant correlations between the defense mechanisms and the perception of time perspective in young people under the conditions of war. Methods. The study was held in May 2022 with the involvement of students who were relocated to the west of Ukraine from the eastern regions due to active hostilities. The following research methods were used: survey; psychological testing (Life Style Index, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory); statistic analysis. Results. The study shows that the most common defense mechanisms of young people during the war are: repression, projection and displacement. At the same time, men use the defense mechanism of projection more often than women, and women are more prone to regression. It is determined that young people during the war are the least oriented towards the future. Also, there are very few who would perceive the past negatively. Conclusion. The data obtained during the research indicate the need to develop a program of psychological support for young people during the war, which would allow: to develop awareness of one's own experiences, defense mechanisms, ways of ecologically living through traumatic experience; to form a healthier attitude to time, which would include planning for the future at least for the short term and would contribute to increasing motivation for life and self-development.
5
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Лiтературнi вимiри травми у контекстi вийни на Донбасi

88%
Pukhonska O.
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
|
2021
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vol. Tom 2 Nr XXVI
UK
Стаття пропонує до розгляду літературознавчу інтерпретацію сучасної російсько-української війни, відображеної в авторських текстах останніх років. З огляду на те, що вона триває, відповідно змінюється і досвід цієї війни її учасниками, спостерігачами, і трактування цього досвіду. Найгостріші проблеми глобального, власне українського та індивідуального вимірів події знайшли і продовжують знаходити свої відображення у численних творах мистецтва, що свідчить про активний процес культурної рефлексії травматичного досвіду. Основна дослідницька увага у статті звернена на особливості еволюції літературної рецепції актуальної історичної події, її розуміння крізь призму пам’яті минулого, культури, суспільно-політичних реалій. Особливо важливим є акцент на травматичному досвіді як персонажів аналізованих текстів, так і українського суспільства загалом. Автор статті намагається простежити, як змінюється відображення війни в мистецтві, зокрема у літературі. Спочатку вона представлена як наслідок конфлікту посттоталітарних пам’ятей в українській культурі, згодом як суспільна національна травма і, зрештою, як травма особиста на рівні окремої долі, окремого досвіду. Саме на останньому варіанті зосереджено основну дослідницьку увагу у цій студії.
6
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Травма Шоа в мемуарах Марти Горен (Вінтер) Донечка, про яку ми завжди мріяли. Історія Марти

75%
Sharpe U.
Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie
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2020
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vol. 7
178-189
XX
In this paper, the author emphasises that the events of the twentieth century, in particular the Holocaust, are (post) traumatic not only for a particular nation but for humanity in general. Any denials only confirm the deep collective and cultural footprint of the horrific experience the mankind has gone through. An attempt is made here to analyse the memories of Martha Goren (Winter) by using the psychological concepts of M. Hirsch, C. Caruth, J. Lacan, D. Laub, R.J. Lift on, D. Taylor, Sh. Felman, S. Freud. The author, who was born in Chortkiv in 1935 in the family of a Jewish lawyer and pharmacist, tells the readers of her experience in the face of horrors of the Holocaust. According to the article’s author, the writing is one of the most effective ways to find release because the victim’s becoming the author enables her to distance herself from the experiences as she contemplates a time of horrific events. By using the technique of exact writing, Martha Groen avoids descriptions of her own feelings and emotions. Thus, one of the important post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms is a defence mechanism that shuts down an emotion (the so-called numbness effect). A number of problems that the Jewish girl has encountered in her life are identified in the text: self-identity problems, the survivor syndrome, and the post-traumatic stress disorder. All of these collective and cultural traumas overlapped and amplified each other.
7
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ТОТАЛІТАРИЗМ І ЛІТЕРАТУРА: ВІД ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ДО ВИКРИТТЯ

71%
ПУХОНСЬКА О.
Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia
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2020
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vol. 8
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issue 2
131-140
PL
Zaistnienie totalitaryzmu w Europie po I wojnie światowej od lat jest obiektemzainteresowania badaczy różnych dziedzin nauki. Liczne prace opublikowane w ciągu ostatnich latświadczą o interdyscyplinarnym charakterze posttotalitarnego dyskursu naukowego. Nader ważnymw tym kontekście wydaje się problem sztuki, a szczególnie - literatury, co stanowi przedmiotrozważań w proponowanym artykule. Autorka wskazuje na ówczesne wykorzystanie literatury jakoinstrumentu propagandy. Celem aktualnego badania jest również odbiór współczesnego tekstu literackiegojako próby artystycznego przemyślenia doświadczenia totalitaryzmu, postrzeganego jakotrauma oddziałująca na funkcjonowanie współczesnych społeczeństw. Nieprzepracowana traumaprzeszłości często powoduje nieprzewidywalny zwrot w polityce europejskiej.
EN
Researchers from different branches of science are interested in the reasons and conditionsof the emergence of totalitarianism in Europe following the First World War. Numerouscontemporary studies provide evidence about different ways of explaining post-totalitarian discourse.What is very important in such studies is the problem of art, especially that of literature. The article isdevoted to revealing the connections between that regime and the art of word. The author analyzes thepeculiarities of using literature as an instrument of propaganda. In addition, one of the main problemsof current research is the contemporary ways of artistic rethinking and the process of working out thetotalitarian experience. Primarily, it is represented as a trauma that influences the behavior of modernsocieties and very often provokes unpredictable turns in European policy.
UK
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8
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LITERACKA RECEPCJA WOJEN POSTTOTALITARNYCH: KONTEKSTY UKRAIŃSKI I BAŁKAŃSKI

51%
Puchońska O.
Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia
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2021
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vol. 9
|
issue 1
165-176
EN
The author of the article analyses how literary text can be a cultural instrument for overcoming the traumatic experience of war. Ongoing events in the Donbass prove that manipulating with the historical consciousness of the inhabitants of this region of Ukraine and important events from the past have become the reasons for a new military implosion between the colonized and colonizer. Literary texts published in the last few years not only reflect the Russian-Ukrainian war in eastern Ukraine but also shed light on the consequences of Soviet colonization, which played the main role in the process of mental separation of this region. In the context of post-communist society transformations, the Donbass war is similar to the military conflicts in Transnistria, Georgia and, above all, to the war in former Yugoslavia. Contemporary literary texts are the most accurate examples of it from the point of view of the traumatic experience of culture.
PL
Przedmiotem przedstawionego artykułu jest analiza tekstu literackiego jako instrumentarium przezwyciężenia traumatycznego doświadczenia wojny. Współczesne wydarzenia w Donbasie dowodzą, że manipulacja historyczną świadomością mieszkańców wskazanego regionu i nieprzepracowane ważne wydarzenia z przeszłości stały się przyczyną nowej militarnej implozji między skolonizowanym a kolonizatorem. Publikowane w ostatnich latach teksty literackie nie tylko odzwierciedlają realia wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej na wschodzie Ukrainy, ale także naświetlają konsekwencje sowieckiej kolonizacji, które odegrały główną rolę w procesie mentalnej separacji tego regionu. W kontekście postkomunistycznych przemian społecznych wojna w Donbasie przypomina konflikty zbrojne w Naddniestrzu, Gruzji, a przede wszystkim wojnę w byłej Jugosławii. Z punktu widzenia traumatycznego doświadczenia kultury współczesne teksty literackie są tego znakomitym przykładem.
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