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EN
In modern art, the boundaries between artist and spectator are often blurred as the spectator is engaged in the interpretation process and thus in the creation of an artwork, a process referred to by Marcel Duchamp as the "transubstantiation" of objects into art. However, this communication of artistic intent provides room for error, misinterpretation, and reinterpretation (accidental or intentional) of the artwork's intended meaning. Duchamp refers to this as the "art coefficient," which is mathematically explained as the difference between the artist's intended, unexpressed idea and what they unintentionally expressed. The idea of artistic intent, or lack thereof, was toyed with by Duchamp and the artists who followed in his footsteps, including some protagonists of the post-WWII Croatian art scene (Ivo Gattin, Goran Trbuljak, Braco Dimitrijević, and Tomislav Gotovac) who were involved in emerging art movements such as Art Informel, Conceptual art, and the neo-avantgarde, respectively. This paper puts forward works by Croatian artists who experimented with (un)intentionality and haphazardness by employing new artistic techniques, leaving room for (intentional) error and chance, or challenging the artist's and spectator's role, often by exploiting the latter to do their work for them.
EN
This article presents an interpretation of Vladimir Nabokov’s story “The Vane Sisters” in the light of Jan Mukařovský’s concepts of semantic gesture and unintentionality (nezáměrnost). At the same time, medial implications of Nabokov’s text are recognized, forcing a certain modification of the aforementioned concepts, taking into account the phenomenon of medial self-reflectivity.
PL
Wina, oprócz karalności i karygodności, stanowi element definicji przestępstwa. Literatura fachowa szeroko opisuje problemy związane z istotą winy i tworzy jej definicje. Nie ma jednak w tym względzie zgody i przedstawiono kilka dalszych istotnych teorii winy. Kodeks z roku 1997 po raz pierwszy wprowadził przyznanie się do winy i rozwiązania dotyczące winy, które zasadniczo różnią się od poprzednich. Autorka niniejszego artykułu próbuje przyjrzeć się bliżej problemowi winy, jego istotności dla odpowiedzialności karnej, jak również stara się wskazać, które rozwiązania dotyczące winy sprawcy przestępstwa zostały przyjęte przez obowiązujący kodeks.
EN
Guilt, besides punishability and culpability, constitutes an element of the definition of a crime. Scientific literature broadly describes problems pertaining to the essence of guilt and it creates its definitions. However, there is no agreement in this respect and a few more important theories of guilt have been put forward. The 1997 code for the first time introduced the declaration of guilt and the solutions about guilt which principally differ from the previous ones. The Author of the present paper makes an attempt to get a closer look at the problem of guilt, its importance for penal liability as well as trying to point out which solutions concerning the perpetrator’s guilt have been adopted in the present code.
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