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EN
The Internet has immense mediational potential in ELT in terms of providing learners with comprehensible input, a platform for social interaction, and opportunities to produce linguistic output. This study explores EFL teachers’ perceptions and utilization of the Internet in ELT at Bahir Dar University (BDU) in Ethiopia; it also identifies the challenges and barriers to effective use of the Internet as a mediational tool. Twenty-one randomly selected instructors at BDU responded to a questionnaire. The results show that teachers have favorable perceptions of the mediational role of the Internet; however, they show fairly limited utilization of the Internet for teaching purposes. Therefore, there appears to be a mismatch between BDU instructors’ positive perceptions and current practices. Furthermore, inadequacy of Internet access, students’ lack of Internet skills, lack of skills of using the Internet for ELT purpose, extra work-load, time constraints were the major barriers to effective use of the Internet as a mediational tool. Based on these results, it is suggested that teachers’ awareness be raised on how to leverage the Internet mediational artifacts in this limited technology context.
PL
- Zastosowano kompleksową metodę zol-żel – CSGP (Polski Patent 172618) do syntezy szkieł krzemionkowych, przeznaczonych do unieruchomienia wysokoaktywnych odpadów promieniotwórczych. Rolę pierwiastków promieniotwórczych pełniły Cs, Sr ,Co – dodawane w postaci azotanów, natomiast neodym był surogatem aktynowców. W wyniku reakcji hydrolizy i polikondensacji, zachodzących w roztworze zawierającym czteroetoksysilan i azotany metali, gdzie rolę katalizatora pełnił kwas askorbinowy, otrzymywano żele w formie proszków i kompaktów. Otrzymane żele poddano obróbce termicznej. Celem zbadania przejścia żeli krzemionkowych do szkieł zastosowano analizę termigrawimetryczną, podczerwień oraz dyfrakcję rentgenowską. Wstępne testy wymywania Me, z prażonych w 1200°C materiałów, wykazały świetne unieruchomienie odpadów w szkłach krzemionkowych.
EN
A complex sol-gel process – CSGP (Polish Patent 172618) has been used for synthesis of silica glasses designed to contain high-level nuclear wastes. Cs, Sr, Co, and Nd were used, the last as surrogate for actinides. Gels in the form of powders and sintered compacts were prepared by hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxide/Me nitrate solutions, which contained ascorbic acid as a catalyst. Thermal treatment studies were conducted on the resulting gels. Transformation to final products was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Preliminary testing of Me leaching from materials sintered at 1200°C indicate excellent stability of the glass.
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Přínos využití modelů v teorii resilience

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EN
Over three decades of research into resilience, this concept has been elaborated in considerable detail, and it now covers a wide range of aspects. Various models are increasingly being applied in order to present the theory of resilience in the clearest possible way. The goal of this paper is to assess the ways in which these models are utilized and to evaluate their benefits and contribution to the development of resilience theory. The article presents various approaches to the use and structure of models (narrative, simplex, complex) and outlines their basic characteristics. The conclusion includes a brief assessment of the benefits of these models and their contribution to the development of resilience theory.
EN
EU law obliges businesses to arise during the development of technological processes by-products, including waste from meat processing plants and slaughterhouses. Historically, the primary direction of slaughter waste was the production of meat and bone meal, which was fed animals for slaughter. Currently, due to concerns of people moving to the deadly prions, which was diagnosed in a patient with BSE cattle, fed to meat-and-bone meal, as her animal nutrition is prohibited. The most common method of land use by-products of animal origin is the thermal utilization of the material or the production of biogas. The resulting combustion process heat energy can be used for heating purposes. Moreover, the combustion of organic materials produces smaller amounts of dioxin, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide or particulate matter as compared with coal. Biogas produced in turn, can be successfully used as an energy source.
PL
Prawo unijne zobowiązuje przedsiębiorców do zagospodarowania powstających podczas procesów technologicznych produktów ubocznych, w tym odpadów z zakładów mięsnych i ubojni. Dawniej głównym kierunkiem utylizacji odpadów rzeźnych była produkcja mączki mięsno-kostnej, którą skarmiano zwierzęta rzeźne. Obecnie ze względu na obawy przenoszenia na ludzi śmiercionośnych prionów, które zdiagnozowano u chorego na BSE bydła, skarmianego mączką mięsno-kostną, stosownie jej w żywieniu zwierząt jest zabronione. Najczęściej stosowaną metodą zagospodarowania ubocznych produktów pochodzenia zwierzęcego jest termiczna utylizacja materiału lub produkcja biogazu. Uzyskana w procesie spalania energia cieplna może zostać wykorzystana w celach grzewczych. Ponadto, spalanie organicznych materiałów wytwarza mniejsze ilości dioksyn, tlenków azotu, pyłu czy tlenku siarki w porównaniu z miałem węglowym. Produkowany z kolei biogaz może być z powodzeniem wykorzystany jako źródło energii.
EN
This paper aims to describe the concept of fractal marketing as a set of typical, schematic and repetitive market activities taken by companies in the area of: pricing, promotion, product features and distribution. The knowledge has been recited like a mantra to college students over the recent years, regardless of the social, economic, political and economic changes taking place in the business environment. However, the new generation does not expect goods producers to run catchy commercials on TV or the radio, but to present reliable and trustworthy information about their products. Therefore, the new form of marketing was named post-marketing and it is proposed that it should be included in the curricula of business management departments as an obligatory subject. This article presents the possibilities of applying the consolidated theory for the purposes of developing ways of increasing the effectiveness of marketing activities, and the presented scope of research may be implemented in other areas where there is a need for unconventional ways of processing data coming from various fields in order to obtain information that will help managers to take the right decisions. Such knowledge may also contribute to increasing the attractiveness of studies in business management departments in various universities.
EN
Nowadays, achieving of sustainable development became impossible without effective, both from an environmental and from an economic view, solution of the problem of recycling of solid waste. The paper gives an overview of the ecological and economic efficiency of the main existing methods for utilization of solid domestic waste, namely, incineration in combustion plants, biothermal composting, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, use of combined methods. The essence of the widespread methods of utilization of solid domestic waste, their scope. The main drawbacks of the existing methods of solid domestic waste utilization were also outlined: such incineration in combustion plants is the most appropriate from the economic point of view, but poorly solves the problem of environmental pollution, because a significant part of harmful substances do not burn at temperatures used in incineration plants and the process is accompanied by a significant amount of emissions of harmful substances and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere; when using a biothermal composting, debris, with all heavy metal impurities, radioactive and other possible harmful substances, is just applied to the fields as a fertilizer or in a greenhouse as a biofuel; when pyrolysis is used, the unit's capacity for the process to dispose of household waste cannot be large; to carry out the process of pyrolysis of such low-calorific fuel as solid household waste, considerable additional energy resources are required, which causes high operating costs; the process of plasma combustion to neutralize domestic waste is quite energy intensive, which is why it is not currently self-supporting at the moment.
EN
Seminars are offered to students for education in various disciplines. The seminars may be limited in terms of the maximum number of participants, e.g., to have lively interactions. Due to capacity limitations, those seminars are often offered several times to serve the students’ demands. Still, some seminars are more popular than others and it may not be possible to grant access to all interested students due to capacity limitations. In this paper, a simple, but efficient random selection using key objectives (SEKO) assignment strategy is proposed which achieves the following goals: (i) efficiency by utilizing all available seminar places, (ii) satisfying all students by trying to assign at least one seminar to each student, and (iii) fairness by considering the number of assigned seminars per student. We formulate various theoretical optimization models using integer linear programming (ILP) and compare their solutions to the SEKO assignment based on a real-world data set. The real-world data set is also used as the basis for generating large data sets to investigate the scalability in terms of demand and number of seminars. Furthermore, the first-in first-out (FIFO) assignment, as a typical implementation of fair assignments in practice, is compared to SEKO in terms of utilization and fairness. The results show that the FIFO assignment suffers in real world situations regarding fairness, while the SEKO assignment is close to the optimum and scales regarding computational time in contrast to the ILP.
EN
The article presents technical and economical possibilities of utilizing normal and liquid waste, including hazardous, through circulating cement furnaces, at the same time complying with environmental protection regulations. Technology for producing cement without waste was presented, by using energetically and chemical aspects of many groups of hazardous substances, including PCB as well as freons. Environmental safe methods of utilizing technical and local waste, normal and liquid, were defined, using cement furnaces and at the same time reducing substantially cement production costs.
EN
Seminars are offered to students for education in various disciplines. The seminars may be limited in terms of the maximum number of participants, e.g., to have lively interactions. Due to capacity limitations, those seminars are often offered several times to serve the students’ demands. Still, some seminars are more popular than others and it may not be possible to grant access to all interested students due to capacity limitations. In this paper, a simple, but efficient random selection using key objectives (SEKO) assignment strategy is proposed which achieves the following goals: (i) efficiency by utilizing all available seminar places, (ii) satisfying all students by trying to assign at least one seminar to each student, and (iii) fairness by considering the number of assigned seminars per student. We formulate various theoretical optimization models using integer linear programming (ILP) and compare their solutions to the SEKO assignment based on a real-world data set. The real-world data set is also used as the basis for generating large data sets to investigate the scalability in terms of demand and number of seminars. Furthermore, the first-in first-out (FIFO) assignment, as a typical implementation of fair assignments in practice, is compared to SEKO in terms of utilization and fairness. The results show that the FIFO assignment suffers in realworld situations regarding fairness, while the SEKO assignment is close to the optimum and scales regarding computational time in contrast to the ILP.
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