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Ludzie luźni w społeczeństwie Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej w kontekście badań nad cyklem życia

100%
Poniat R.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
|
2013
|
vol. 73
PL
Vagabonds in the society of the Polish Nobles’ Commonwealth in the context of studies on life cycles (Summary)The purpose of the article is to present a new interpretation of the role played by vagabonds in the society of the Polish Nobles’ Commonwealth divided into estates. The proposed approach on the one hand bases on studies concerning the functioning of socially marginalized people in early modern France and Poland, with which Western historiographers are acquainted, and on the other on a new analysis of Polish source materials mainly relating to the times of Stanisław August Poniatowski. The article is divided into four parts, the first of which presents the output of Polish historiography on the topic of vagabonds. The results of studies describing groups similar to people who were not classified as belonging to any estate and had no permanent home (vagabonds) in Western societies are presented in the second part. The last section contains new findings which undermine some of the universal opinions of Polish historiographers. The last part presents conclusions which indicate greater social mobility than had been previously assumed and the significance of vagabonds in the functioning of the labour market.
2
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The Beginnings of the Working Class. The problem of the working hands in Polish industry in the epoch of Stanisław August (fragments)

80%
Assorodobraj N.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2020
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vol. 36
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issue 2
67-103
PL
Fragmenty książki Początki klasy robotniczej (na podstawie pracy doktor-skiej Les débuts de la classe ouvrière z 1936 r.) opublikowanej po polsku w roku 1946 dają wgląd w historię „ludzi luźnych” w osiemnastowiecznej Polsce. Tekst pisany w oparciu o archiwalne dokumenty, zarządzenia i fragmenty z prasy ujmuje problem z wielu punktów widzenia, pokazując złożoną historię tej grupy społecznej i tego, jak za pomocą kolejnych decyzji prawnych i administracyjnych była ona systematycznie delegalizowana i asymilowana. Niejednorodna populacja ludzi luźnych, podejmujących się najróżniejszych zajęć i prac, z jednej strony widziana jest jako zbiorowisko przestępców i próżniaków, z drugiej strony stanowi zasób siły roboczej, którego rodzący się przemysł bardzo potrzebuje.
EN
Fragments of the book Początki klasy robotniczej published in 1946 (on the base of author’s PhD thesis, Les débuts de la classe ouvrière published originally in 1936) give insight to history of Polish vagabonds in eighteen century. Text based on archival documents, ordinances and fragments from the press depicts the problem from multiple points of view, showing the complex history of this social group and how it was systematically delegalized and assimilated by consequent legal and administrative decisions. Motley population of vagabonds, entertaining miscellaneous ways of living and working was on one hand viewed as a bunch villains or idlers, but on the other constituted a reservoir of workforce, much in need for the nascent industry.
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