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EN
The article attempts to determine in synthetic way the most relevant spaces of choice as well as activities of the characters of The Vampire by Władysław Stanisław Reymont. Disputing with other researchers, we try to portray the characters as thespians who are subordinate to the mechanism of theatre (theatricality) as well as enmeshed with relations of dominance and exploitation (vampiric situation). Having compared the novel with selected dramas by Henrik Ibsen, we demonstrate parallels in subjects and issues that were drawn out by the dramaturgy of the epoch: illusoriness of life, lies of convention, prevalence in family as well as manipulation.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the film career of a famous actor Bela Lugosi (1882–1956) and its most important turning points. Born as Béla Ferenc Dezső Blaskó in Austria-Hungary Lugosi was one of the most important stars of „The Golden Age” of Hollywood horror film in the 1930s but soon after his huge success in a role of Dracula in Tod Browning’s film he had to cope with a career breakdown. Horror as a genre and its changes during the 1930s, the 1940s and the 1950s and the myth of Dracula-Lugosi are the main frames of the article. The author describes also his significant place in popular culture and asks about his hypothetical presence in the notable horror film movements that reached popularity just after Lugosi’s death.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poruszać będzie zagadnienia związane z obrzędowością czasów wczesnego średniowiecza. Autorka skupi się na omówieniu nietypowych pochówków wczesnośredniowiecznych lokalizowanych na terenie Polski, które często w literaturze występują pod nazwą „pochówków antywampirycznych”. Przeanalizowane zostaną zarówno praktyki dotyczące jamy grobowej jak i bezpośrednio ciała zmarłego. W dalszej części referatu podjęte będą również próby wyjaśnienia, z jakich przyczyn część z pochówków odnajdowanych na cmentarzyskach datowanych na X – XIII w. różni się od powszechnie przyjętej normy. Autorka postara się także udzielić odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy rzeczywiście są to miejsca spoczynku istot, które tradycja ludowa nazywa wampirami lub strzygami.
EN
This article describes issues related to the early medieval rituals. The author focuses on discussing untypical early medieval burials located in Poland. These burials often appear in literature under the name of „anti vampiric burials". I will analyze both the practices for the grave pit and directly to the body of the deceased. Finally, I will try to explain why some of the burials discovered in the graveyards of the tenth to the thirteenth century are different from the generally accepted norm. and whether they are indeed the burial place of beings that folk tradition called vampires.
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EN
Every myth, regardless of its nature, refers back to some event placed in illio tempore. By this fact it constitutes a pattern to all situations and activities in which the event may reappear, the myth can degrade into an epical legend, a ballad or a roman, but it can also survive in a limited form in superstitions, customs and longings without losing neither its structure nor its meaning. In the history of mankind, the perception contributed to the formation of culture - the total of artifacts, both material and immaterial (spiritual or symbolic), these achievements, characteristic for particular society, constitute a model of social behavior. While interpreting the external world people relied on supernatural explanations to some extent, which depended on the level of intellectual development. Initially many facts were explained with the interference of dark, demonic powers, adopting diverse forms in people’s imagination, thanks to such interpretation of reality the vampire was born to existence. The vampire has undergone a peculiar evolution, the features of its character often changed and the figure was many times reborn in varied forms. Settled in present times, the silhouette of the vampire remains realistic in some people’s minds and has no tendency to modify. Its presence in modern times is mainly perceptible through the creation and development of vampire - worshiping sects. The following thesis is aimed to present the evolution of beliefs and picture of the vampire, as well as ancient practices and ways of treating people suspected of vampirism, the text enables a close look into the structure and functioning of modern vampire-related cults, it also attempts to explain the phenomenon of vampirism and its continuously increasing popularity.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2022
|
vol. 70
|
issue 7
289-307
EN
The author discusses the persona of the master of horror, Mariana Romanova (b. 1979), a controversial contemporary Russian writer, who, for some critics, is the “Russian Stephen King”. The author traces Romanova’s life path from the earliest stage of her fascination with extreme sports to her most recent literary, para-literary and non-literary attempts, in which she demonstrates her fascination with the esoteric second dimension, the results of individual experiments with her own consciousness, and her passion for the dissemination of the world’s mysteries. This article constitutes an abridged introduction to the subject matter and poetics created by Romanova, whose individual style bears references to the classics of Russian literature: the astonishing writings of Nikolai Gogol, the fluidity of Nadezhda Teffi’s storytelling, and the mysterious narrations woven by Aleksey K. Tolstoy.
PL
Autor przybliża sylwetkę mistrzyni horroru, Marjany Romanowej (ur. 1979), kontrowersyjnej współczesnej pisarki rosyjskiej średniego pokolenia, która oprócz literatury zajmuje się także profesjonalnie sztuką wiedźmińską. Przez niektórych krytyków jest nazywana rosyjskim Stephenem Kingiem. Badacz śledzi drogę życiową Romanowej od najwcześniejszego etapu jej fascynacji sportami ekstremalnymi do najnowszych prób literackich, paraliterackich i pozaliterackich, w których ujawniają się autorskie fascynacje ezoterycznym drugim wymiarem oraz skutki indywidualnych eksperymentów z własną świadomością, a także zamiłowanie do propagowania tajemnic świata. Artykuł jest syntetycznym wprowadzeniem do problematyki i poetyki Romanowej, w której stylu indywidualnym można odnaleźć nawiązania do klasyków literatury rosyjskiej: tekstów niesamowitych  Nikołaja Gogola, płynności opowiadania Nadieżdy Teffi czy tajemniczej narracji Aleksieja K. Tołstoja.
EN
The article discusses a classic horror story from 1839. It presents those elements of the novel typical of Romanticism, as well as the ones with which Tolstoy exceeded his era. The Polish translation of the piece, published for the first time in 1975, as well as four film adaptations of Tolstoy’s story were analyzed, trying to show how film directors interpreted its universal and timeless themes.
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