Search results - CEJSH

1

Czeski horror literacki wobec wojny okupacji (przypadek Ladislava Fuksa i Jana Pelca)

100%

Patrycjusz P.

Pamiętnik Słowiański

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2011

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vol. 61

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issue 1

69-82

EN

The horror genre is rarely used in a literary settlement with the period of Second World War. That is because horror is generally treated as a genre serving unrefined entertainment, which depends on showing the extreme anomalies and violating the cultural taboos. Aesthetical and axiological controversies aroused by the horror make this genre unsuitable for description of the very serious subject of war and occupation. The martyrologic and patriotic interpretation of this subject is usually meant to be the only proper one. Two Czech horrors break off this literary stereotype: Ladislav Fuks’s The Cremator (1967) and Jan Pelc’s ...and you can’t do that to me (1993). Their authors belong to different generations and they take different topics: holocaust and guerrilla warfare. However they have similar interest for human pathology, which intensifies under the influence of experience of collective violence. Both authors use the horror genre for demythologization of the martyrologic and patriotic picture of war and occupation. They prove that the horror can realize the literary ambitious settlement with the period of Second World War, because it helps to emphasise the element of irrational cruelty involved in the war and occupation experience.

2

Nowe doświadczenie wojny This War of Mine

85%

Piotrowiak M.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 1

51-68

EN

The article undertakes a polemological reflection which is not limited to historiography and philosophy of history, being an attempt at reaching multidimensional and non-standard vision of war. It may seem that studying a computer simulation of people’s lives during the war conflict is far from what a literary scholar should be doing. Nevertheless, This War of Mine redefines the notion of computer games and of classically defined agon. The interactive production of Warsaw 11 bit studios becomes a pretext for studying the ways in which new media refer to literature. The unique experience of war depicted by This War of Mine draws from literary testimonies but at the same time it captures more than literature could ever do. Is the “word in play” the missing link of Bachtin’s equation?

3

Terroryzm — zjawisko pochodne wojny

80%

Paluch A., Spustek H.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2018

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vol. 40

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issue 1

27-38

EN

In the article a terrorism was shown in three aspects: military, economic and social. Two models of the fight: dynamic and mechanical were related to contemporary conflicts. According to authors of this article, the terrorism is a derivative phenomenon of the war. It is a main reason why we used the mechanical model of the fight to describe the contemporary conflicts.

4

Putting the war out of law. The problem of peace in international relations before and after the First World War

80%

Kun-Buczko M.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

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2019

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vol. 18

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issue 1

29-41

EN

For centuries, conducting war was regarded as one of the most important attributes of state sovereignty. With the development of international relations, technology and human capabilities, which repeatedly led the fate of humanity to the end, the approach to the conduct of war as foreign policy began to evolve into a pacifist outlook. The achievement of the moment of 1928 was when the Brianda-Kellog Pact was for the first time enacted, and an absolute prohibition of aggressive warfare was preceded by stages in which the states formed, in small steps, the awareness of the need to change their approach to war. The very fact of introducing its prohibition did not save the world from the outbreakof World War II, but it allowed the prosecution of war criminals, and forever changed the approach to war. Since then, although the world is not free from armed conflict, the states resorting to the use of force must find a justification for their actions on the basis of norms of international law

5

„Nie-doświadczenie” wojny – na przykładzie wybranych utworów Kazimierza Brandysa

80%

Wróbel A.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2017

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vol. 10

EN

In her analysis of Kazimierz Brandys’s novels the author focuses on war and wartime as experience and “non-experience” in the perspective of Polish heroic myth and anti-civilian paradigm. In Polish culture romantic and heroic paradigm has substantial influence on the form of masculinity. Experience in this article is a metaphor, which includes participation in a war as a soldier. “Non-experience” in this perspective situates men on the margins of heroic culture. It further shows limitations of heroic culture and revises heroic tradition.

6

Metody badawcze w obszarze polemologii

80%

Krupa M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 903

17-34

EN

The research focuses on a phenomenon with a political, cultural and sociological nature – war. One purpose of my research is to link this phenomenon with the economy. The wider purpose is to raise political science and sociology to a higher level of analysis with the aim of reducing and unifying the social sciences to a stricter level of analysis. This research objective uses the example of war, and enlists mathematical instruments associated not only with the business cycle. Tests are performed on the example of the U.S. business cycle and that country’s military activity. The research shows the reciprocal relationship of these events, the state of the U.S. economy, determined by variations in the parameters of the national income and related to a growing propensity for military activity, which in turn, as the research shows, reduces the number of wars on a global scale. Other aspects of the paper include a description of the history of the research process, the phenomenon of war and issues and problems from the philosophy of science.

7

How Does the Displacement of Natural Persons during War Influence the Applicable Law

80%

Dikovska I., Wałachowska M.

Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego

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2022

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vol. 31

163-186

EN

In this article the authors analyse the consequences of displacement of natural persons during war, in the field of private international law. That displacement may affect the determination of applicable law if the factors to be taken into account include domicile, habitual residence, permanent residence, residence or sojourn of natural person. Apart from discussing the general understanding of these factors, we present the situations where a person has lost links with the country of his or her nationality because of the war but has not acquired strong links with any other country. All of the issues are discusses in the light of legal assistance agreements, EU law, and national laws.

8

Method of auditing in conditions of martial law

80%

Lubenchenko O., Shulga S., Pavlova H.

Statistics in Transition new series

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2023

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vol. 24

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issue 1

89-103

EN

In the article there are considered methodical recommendations on the actions of auditors uring martial law. They relate to such stages of the audit as the preparatory phase, the planning phase, the task implementation and the final phase. The preparatory stage requires the identification of the client and the conclusion of an audit agreement. Under martial law, new risks are emerging, systematized by the authors and related to the identification of persons involved in terrorist activities and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The systematization of risks and the use of IT technologies to identify and verify the client allows auditors, as specially designated entities of primary financial monitoring, to identify and freeze the assets of such persons in a timely manner and stop providing any services. At the client acceptance and assignment stage, auditors assess ethical threats. As a result, a working paper has been developed to assess ethical threats in the light of martial law. At the planning stage, special attention should be paid to reviewing risks, namely how military aggression affects the continuity of any business. Clarification of risk factors for termination allows you to plan audit procedures to gather audit evidence and further determine the auditor's opinion on continuity (opinion with an explanatory paragraph, opinion with a reservation, negative opinion, disclaimer of opinion). One of the effective procedures for collecting audit evidence at the stage of the task is inventory.

9

Terrorism in the Context of Conflicts in the Modern World

80%

Zubrzycki W.

Internal Security

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2019

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vol. 11(1)

121-132

EN

Contrary to popular expectations, armed conflicts persisted after the end of World War II. Some countries are fighting for independence, others for influence, and others are experiencing civil wars. This is determined by cultural, ethnic and religious differences. The modern world is tormented by many conflicts which, despite their regional scope, have an impact on the political and military situation on the entire globe. The functioning of formal borders that do not coincide with national borders, the low sense of nationality compared to ethnicity, poverty and political instability are also conducive to the use of terrorist methods. Terrorism is almost as old as civilisation. However, unlike in the past, today’s terrorists use violence on an unprecedented scale. Terrorism in many cases shows its regional specificity, varying according to the cultural and civilisation area in which it occurs. Reasons for resorting to terrorist methods may be a need for freedom, protection of one’s heritage, sense of harm done by the occupier, a need to express dissatisfaction with the political system or changes being made, or, finally, a mere desire to draw attention to the problems of countries and societies that have not yet been noticed or have been ignored by public opinion. Religion is also a frequent reason for resorting to terrorism. Contemporary terrorism is represented mainly by extremist Islamic fundamentalism and is based on the clash of two cultures. It is a global threat, and anyone can become its potential victim today. Numerous signals of the emergence of new, hitherto unknown organisations prove that in the future, unfortunately, the escalation of the phenomenon will have to be taken into account.

10

Definitions and Legal Aspects of the Term “War” and the Related Terms

80%

Kołodziejczak M. E.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 4 English Online Version

39-50

EN

Normative acts applicable in the Republic of Poland do not lack a multitude of formulations of terms such as: war, state of war or time of war. The lack of legally binding definitions and the inconsistency of the use of identical definitions lead to different, often contradictory interpretations of particular situations, which may have different legal consequences. Only a precise and detailed definition of these concepts, preferably by incorporating them into national or international law, would dispel many doubts and close the way to sometimes contradictory interpretations, which is particularly important for security and defence concepts and issues. Therefore, in this paper the author will present definitions and regulations resulting from Polish legal acts, relating to war, war time and the state of war.

11

Wojna w oczach dziecka. Analiza leksyki w literaturze dla dzieci i młodzieży

80%

Kaźmierczak P.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2021

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issue 19

133-147

EN

This paper presents war literature for children and young people. The perspective of the analysis is multi-layered and the whole work deals with the important and difficult topic of warfare, persecution of ethnic, religious and national groups, expulsion and the Warsaw Uprising. It takes into account both the nature of the topic covered and the age of the audience, which is important because of the vocabulary used in the text. The article has inaccuracies resulting from the lack of specific guidelines for adapting the literature to the competence of the young addressee. (This is not the case with guidelines for computer games or school reading). These are additional difficulties that an adult has to deal with when choosing a book for a child. Therefore, it is important to know the child, their maturity level and their knowledge of the story, and often the best solution is to simply read together. When analysing the books discussed in this article, attention should also be paid to the time period of the plot – pre-war, war, post-war – the form of the narrative and the language or stylistic devices used to describe the war. The most popular ways of telling about war are metaphors, similes, personification. War is often compared to a monster or a giant that destroys everything around it – both materially and spiritually. In turn, the characters and situations described are presented on the basis of the opposition of good and evil, white and black, or in the situation of description from the perspective of time: past and present. In addition, linguistic activities that convey the emotions the reader feels while reading and experiences together with the characters are presented. The language games, e.g. Władza Ludowa described as Władza Lodowa, or the diminutive sklepiszcza, are not only interesting solutions that add variety to the text, but also facilitate the understanding of the atmosphere of the time described. An important element of the analysis is the narration from the perspective of children, both Poles who grew up during the war and Jews who were separated from their families and hidden. Such a description makes it easier for the reader to identify with the character and better understand the content.

12

Mental Health Problems of Refugee Children: A Case Study of Transit Center Intervention in the Republic of Macedonia

80%

Stankovska G.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2019

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issue 2(124)

91-106

EN

Mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his/her own potential, can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his/her community (World Health Organization, 2004). War and disasters have the greatest impact on mental health and psychosocial well-being. A considerable number of child refugees enter Europe to seek refuge from ongoing conflict and war in their home countries. Refugee children are at greater risk of psychological distress than non-refugee children and they may develop symptoms such as depression, PTSD, anxiety, physical problems or become aggressive. Trauma can impact the children’s physical well-being, cognitive development and psychological/emotional well-being and behavior. Therefore, these children are identified as having unique; however, urgent mental health needs requiring timely interventions. According to these findings, in this article the author is trying to explain the mental health problems and interventions among two refugee children (brother and sister) who stayed in the Transit Centre “Vinojug” in Gevgelija, Republic of Macedonia, two years ago. They had significant psychological disturbances such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, because they lost their home and their father. They have been here only with their pregnant mother. At the beginning they needed individual psychiatric or psychological support, but later also group psycho-social support. Verbal, art and game-based interventions proved effective in reducing the PTSD symptoms and depression. After that, the children showed positive emotions such as gratitude, hope, happiness, and optimism. At the same time they started to attend the local school and the first words in Macedonian language were: “Hello, how are you?” They have already learned the Macedonian language and counted in Macedonian; they knew how to ask for water and learned the basic terms. Hence, when they left the Transit Center with their mother, they were very sad: “Here we have many new friends who help and love us”. Our study provides a strong evidence base regarding the use of verbal and clinical interventions for PTSD and emotional and behavioral difficulties, respectively. Also, the main goal of the psychological workshop is stimulation of the copy strategies, resilience and psychosocial development through structured playful activities such as voice, movement, painting, drawing, song, sound.

13

Raped Life. Sexual Violence as a Forward-Looking War Practice: Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

80%

Wasiak K.

Historia i Polityka

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2020

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issue 34 (41)

EN

Gender equality is one of the categorical imperatives of universal human rights. However, today, in many national contexts, women’s rights and needs are not respected. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina has shown the world how thin the line is between coexistence and hate, and what is more, it has shown how easy it is to use a woman’s body in political and war games and then forget about their sacrifice.The article is focused on the long-term effects of wartime sexual violence. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of field research, the author wants to show how Bosniak women constantly suffer from sexual violence despite the end of the conflict.

14

Eros i Tanatos w prozie Miodraga Bulatovivia

80%

Bukwalt M.

Pamiętnik Słowiański

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2010

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vol. 60

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issue 2

99-122

EN

Eros and Tanatos in the prose of Miodrag Bulatovic. The focus of this article is on an exploration of the various forms of degenerate eroticism present in the prose of Miodrag Bulatovic. Attention is drawn to the festive and orgiastic character of war (Hero on the Donkey, The War was Better), licentious erotica in the libertine spirit (Gullo Gullo), and also the phenomenon of hyperactive sexuality with a phobic substrata (People with Four Fingers). The theory of transgressive eroticism, present in the works of Georges Bataille, Pascal Quinard and Elisabeth Roudinesco, is also applied. Concepts from the field of humanistic psychiatry, the American school of neopsychoanalysis, Roger Caillois’ conclusions on the orgiastic nature of armed conflict, elements of the Marquis de Sade’s philosophy, as well as definitions of sexual deviations utilized in sexology and sexual psychology jointly form the methodological basis of the presentation.

15

BOOK REVIEW: WAR CHILDHOOD: SARAJEVO 1992-1995

80%

PILARSKA J.

Society Register

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2018

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vol. 2

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issue 2

163-166

EN

As early as at the beginning of the last century, the Polish-Jewish educator, children›s author, and pedagogue Janusz Korczak called for the right of child to happy childhood. This revelatory vision was accompanied by Hellen Key, who proclaimed 20th century as the century of the child, publishing book of such title and calling for the rights of children to free growth. Unfortunately, the history of the modern world added to these humane ideas rather pessimistic post scriptum, involving children in the armed conflicts and totalitarian regimes, making them the victims of adult cruelty to an unimaginable extend. In such context, the “War Childhood” book provides a very important and exceptional pedagogical and sociological study, for it induces readers to ponder over the position and status of children in armed conflicts, with the biographical, psychological and social repercussion of the latter.

16

ANCIENT BASICS OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN WAR AND TOURISM

80%

Kostuch L.

Studia Periegetica

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2012

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vol. 8

13-32

EN

The following article tries to reconstruct a primary and ?live? connection existing between a war campaign (which, after all, is also a journey) and a desire to see something that is worth it or attractive. There are some similarities between a soldier who brings spoils of war when he comes back from a military expedition and a Greek wanderer (tourist) who is armed in sword or at least a knife and comes back home with some souvenirs. We can find the sources of associations between a war and a journey in the Hellenes? mentality who did not separate war from other fields of life ? religion, philosophy, sport (agon) and also journeys made for pleasure and to gain knowledge. For long time in Greek mind there was no category where soldiers could function as a separate professional and social group. Though the Greeks basically combined an excursion, especially a military one, with some difficulties, at the same time they could notice some charm in it. It is proven by literary works, which mention a desire to see a distant country, created by writers who were mercenaries in foreign armies at the same time. Numerous testimonies of military leaders and ordinary warriors and other military tales about attractions seen during an excursion, soldiers? graffiti that can be found in distant countries, as well as different souvenirs brought from expeditions are also the evidence. It seems that Hellenic soldiers-travellers fall into category of ?military tourism? attributed to ?cultural tourism?. In ancient Greece military expeditions were also travels for knowledge and pleasure.

17

Economy and Society of Afghanistan - a Special Case of the 'Dutch Disease'

80%

Modrzejewska-Leśniewska J.

Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology

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2012

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vol. 3

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issue 6

69-92

EN

In the article the social and economic transformation of Afghanistan is examined in a historical perspective. The author notices that Afghanistan's trajectory of development, since the modernization of the country began in the 19th century, has eventually produced the state of so-called 'Dutch disease', that is, a relationship between the increase in exploitation of natural resources and a demise of the manufacturing sector. In the Afghani case, the natural resources' responsible for halting industrialization are narcotics (opium), on the global exports of which the entire local economy became strictly dependent. The author names number of reasons behind such a direction of development, including political, economic, an cultural factors but remains skeptical about possible ways out of that developmental trap.

18

Charakterystyka współczesnego terroryzmu

80%

Antonów R.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2015

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vol. 37

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issue 4

73 - 79

EN

Contemporary terrorism is one of the most serious threats to the world today. Since the second half of the 20th century it has evolved, adapting its aspirations, needs and capabilities to the scientific, technological and informational development of the world today as well as the geopolitical situation and specifi city. Thus contemporary terrorism is a dynamic process and rarely, or increasingly rarely, a state that remains unchanged. The essence of terrorism today lies the fact that it is commonly regarded as a threat not only to national security (security within one state) but, above all, to international security in view of the globalisation of terrorism. Contemporary terrorism has four basic features. First of all, it is inspired by religion. Secondly, the perpetrators do not reveal their identity, remaining in hiding and preparing new attacks. Thirdly, the actions of terrorists are much more deadly than ever before and, finally, terrorism is global. In addition, terrorism today is linked to actions focused on producing victims on a mass scale. This may suggest a development of genocidal terrorism which will be particularly evident in any future ethnic conflicts. A permanent characteristic feature of terrorism, including contemporary terrorism, is its objectives: to attract attention, generate publicity, justify its actions, win social consent and, finally, seize power. Preventing and combating contemporary terrorism requires not only the work of institution and agencies established for that purpose, but also responsible functioning of every individual in society. Thus creating security today requires collaboration of all people.

19

The Discreet Horror of the Holocaust in Ida Fink’s Stories

80%

Waligóra J.

CLEaR

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2016

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vol. 3

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issue 1

27-38

EN

The topic of the article is writings by Ida Fink. It analyses stories of the author of Wiosna 1941 (The Spring 1941) which refer to the Holocaust. The analysis also draws attention to the poetics of “discreet horror” in which Ida Fink’s stories are embedded. In her records the author does not underline the cruelty, but shows the terror of the situation by subtle narrative and compositional manoeuvres. The picture of death is de-emphasised by the psychology of characters, and the main focus are complicated human relationships in which the author with a great delicacy presents various emotional states of people who, despite being sentenced to death, still try to survive the war. Ida Fink’s stories are different from the majority of Holocaust literature which exposes the severity and brutality of mass death. These stories stand out as an exceptional phenomenon among works by such authors as Tadeusz Borowski, Zofia Nałkowska, Leon Buczkowski, Henryk Grynberg or Bogdan Wojdowski.

20

Zgodność z Konstytucją rządowego projektu ustawy o obronie Ojczyzny

80%

Dubowski R.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2022

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issue 2(74)

91-98

EN

The author refers to the doubts raised during the first sitting of the special subcommittee considering the bill. In particular, he emphasises that the constitutional concepts of “state of war” and “time of war” are not the same, and thus Article 2 point 2 of the bill, which defines the concept of “time of war”, cannot be in conflict with Article 116 of the Constitution, which refers to a “state of war”. As a result, he concludes that the proposed provision is not inconsistent with a provision of the Constitution.

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