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Wykaz obywateli Fromborka korzystających odpłatnie ze studni miejskich w 1639 roku

100%
Przeracki J.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
|
2022
|
vol. 317
|
issue 2
252-266
EN
The problem with uninterrupted access to drinking water is an important issue in the everyday life of the inhabitants of medieval and modern cities. It is especially significant in terms of preventing epidemics that have often plagued urban centers, where the level of hygiene left much to be desired. The oldest preserved Frombork city ledger from 1630–1645 draws attention to six pages with a list of six city wells with personal details of people using them for a fee in 1639. This list, rarely found in city documents, illustrates the activities of the Frombork authorities in the second quarter of the 17th century, during the difficult times of the Swedish invasion and the war of 1626–1635 that echoed through the city and the whole of Warmia, and even after the end of the wartime turmoil. This source is an illustration of the degree of municipal self-reliance and the responsible actions of Frombork’s authorities and its citizens for the common good: caring for the improvement of hygiene and health of the inhabitants.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia historyczny tekst źródłowy z fromborskiej księgi miejskiej z lat 1630–1645, zawierający spis mieszkańców Fromborka płacących za korzystanie z sześciu studni miejskich w 1639 r. Ten unikatowy zapis stanowi cenną informację o działaniach władz miejskich podjętych na rzecz poprawy stanu zdrowia i higieny mieszkańców Fromborka w trudnych dla tego miasta i całej Warmii czasach najazdu szwedzkiego i wojny lat 1626–1635 oraz w okresie po zakończeniu działań wojennych.
2
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Projekty „historycznych” studni dla Krakowa Sebastiana Sierakowskiego. Forma i idea

80%
Cierpisz S.
Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej
|
2017
|
vol. 67
187-210
EN
This article is devoted to the history of a set designs for four wells in the Main Square in Cracow which were made by Sebastian Sierakowski – an amateur architect and a canon of Cracow Cathedral – in cooperation with the painter Michał Stachowicz. Sierakowski’s idea was to endow Cracow’s main square with small but richly decorated sources of waters, telling the history of the city and the country. The author of the article analyses Sierakowski’s idea as well as the forms of the wells designed by him in the context of historical interests in the first years of the existence of the Free City of Cracow, as well as on the basis of formal comparisons with similar public facilities.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony historii zespołu projektów czterech studni dla krakowskiego Rynku, opracowanych przez kanonika katedry krakowskiej, a także architekta-amatora Sebastiana Sierakowskiego przy udziale malarza Michała Stachowicza. Propozycja Sierakowskiego zakładała ozdobienie głównego placu Krakowa niewielkimi, ale bogato zdobionymi ujęciami wody, opowiadającymi historię miasta i kraju. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę pomysłu Sierakowskiego oraz formy zaprojektowanych studni w kontekście zainteresowań historycznych w pierwszych lat istnienia Wolnego Miasta Krakowa, a także na podstawie porównań formalnych z innymi tego typu obiektami użyteczności publicznej.
3
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Studnia – szczególny obiekt w przestrzeni stanowiska archeologicznego. Wprowadzenie do problematyki badawczej

80%
Piotrowska M., Michałowski A.
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
|
2018
|
vol. 23
137-167
EN
A significant increase in the amount of materials obtained from the recent large area excavations resulted in numerous finds of wells. For years, these unique archaeological features were not treated as a separate research problem. In order to obtain the fullest research results, an increasing interdisciplinarity involving different fields of science is applied to the studies on wells nowadays. Constructions made of organic raw materials are extremely rare in the space of a typical archaeological site and they are also extremely important sources for gaining knowledge about particular settlements. Wells are accompanied by a certain range of features related to the use of water intake and located in its immediate vicinity. These discoveries allow for extremely interesting interpretations of the functional connections between individual complexes of this type. Functions of wells are an issue that is inextricably linked to the location of such complexes in the settlement’s space. Another aspect related to studies of these features is their extremely rich symbolism. Wells are special archaeological features. Their uniqueness places them among the most interesting objects studied by archaeologists.
PL
A significant increase in the amount of materials obtained from the recent large area excavations resulted in numerous finds of wells. For years, these unique archaeological features were not treated as a separate research problem. In order to obtain the fullest research results, an increasing interdisciplinarity involving different fields of science is applied to the studies on wells nowadays. Constructions made of organic raw materials are extremely rare in the space of a typical archaeological site and they are also extremely important sources for gaining knowledge about particular settlements. Wells are accompanied by a certain range of features related to the use of water intake and located in its immediate vicinity. These discoveries allow for extremely interesting interpretations of the functional connections between individual complexes of this type. Functions of wells are an issue that is inextricably linked to the location of such complexes in the settlement’s space. Another aspect related to studies of these features is their extremely rich symbolism. Wells are special archaeological features. Their uniqueness places them among the most interesting objects studied by archaeologists.  
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