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Globalisation and Women’s Work in the Beedi Industry

100%

Pande R.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

2019

vol. 37

191-221

The present paper views globalisation and women’s work and exploitation in a micro enterprise in India, the beedi (indigenous cigarette) industry with a case study from one of the states in India. Rural occupational structures and employment patterns in India have undergone a transition in the last few decades due to globalisation. Newer forms of employment like construction work, domestic services and beedi making have become alternatives to agricultural labour for women. Beedi is an indigenous cigarette, in which tobacco is rolled in a tendu leaf and tied with a cotton thread. This is smaller and less expensive than a cigarette and in the popular imagination it stands for the working class. This work is done sitting at home and mostly women and girls do it. This is a very gendered industry, for only women and girls that too from low-income groups make beedis. There is a lot of exploitation in this industry and this has only increased with the advent of globalisation but this is generally ignored by data gathering systems, policy makers and administrators. There is an occupational health hazard too for many of these workers suffer from various health hazards not because they are smoking these beedis but because they are making them.

Nauczycielki ludowe. Uwarunkowania pracy kobiet w publicznej oświacie powszechnej Polski międzywojennej

67%

Piotrowska-Marchewa M.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

2020

vol. 81

The article discusses the issue of working conditions of female teachers in public mainstream education in the Second Polish Republic. The analysis is based on selected press publications, archival materials, and statistical data. The author studies the question of whether the state policy of the Second Polish Republic promoted the involvement of women in the mainstream education structures and strengthened their professional standing. The work focuses both on the advantages of working as a folk teacher and women’s opportunity for self-fulfillment in mainstream education and on the examples of structural inequality in the access to the aforementioned career.

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie uwarunkowań pracy kobiet w publicznej oświacie powszechnej w II Rzeczypospolitej, na podstawie analizy wybranych materiałów prasowych, archiwalnych i statystycznych. Autorka rozważa, czy polityka państwa polskiego w okresie międzywojennym sprzyjała wchodzeniu kobiet w struktury oświaty powszechnej i utrwalaniu ich pozycji zawodowej. Koncentruje się zarówno na emancypacyjnych walorach zawodu nauczycielki ludowej i możliwościach realizowania się w szkolnictwie powszechnym przez kobiety, jak też na przejawach strukturalnych nierówności w dostępie do tego zajęcia.

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1 Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

1 Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

1 Pande R.

1 Piotrowska-Marchewa M.

1 2020

1 2019

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Globalisation and Women’s Work in the Beedi Industry

Nauczycielki ludowe. Uwarunkowania pracy kobiet w publicznej oświacie powszechnej Polski międzywojennej