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EN
Chrzest ognia by Andrzej Sapkowski is a collection of short stories published in Poland in 1996; however, the first English edition, Baptism of Fire, was not published until 2014. The analyzed fragment abounds in nomenclature connected to the Slavic culture as well as neologisms. The uniqueness of the text results from Slavic character. One may observe that the main difficulty in the translation of such a culture-bound text is that Slavic literature is not popular worldwide; nonetheless, The Witcher Saga is a worldwide phenomenon, as it was placed on the New York Times bestseller list. It is worth noting that despite the fact that the way in which neologisms are coined in a fictional novel may differ from the coinage of words in the standard language, the word formation processes are similar to those applied in standard English or standard Polish. However, it should be noted that there is unknown what really enables a borrowing to catch on in another language.
XX
The study attempts to explore word formation processes in English such as coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronym and derivation. The outbreak of Covid-19 from a linguistic point of view is strictly connected with the emergence of Covid-19's coinages establishing a trending base of global neologisms. The present study focuses on the investigation of English word formation processes and the nature of the new English words and expressions emerging in the wake of Covid-19 crisis.
EN
Teaching elementary Czech to university students is a challenging task. Given the profound complexity and numerous exceptions found in the Czech language system, a balance between oversimplification on the one hand and overwhelming students on the other hand needs to be sought. The objective of this study is to find out whether and to what extent do beginner Czech learners understand how selected grammatical categories work in Czech. The results imply that more attention should be paid to word formation processes as insufficient understanding of them was identified not only in students who were new to Czech but also in the control group.
EN
This article examines the main features of the formation of French terms designating chemical fibers, from the birth of the subsector at the end of the 19th century to the present day. It draws on an analysis of terms that were extracted from a text corpus containing these sources: trade fair catalogues, a technical manual, an institutional document and a book for the public. The analysis is divided into two parts: generic names and brand names. The generic names are analysed via the word formation processes presented by Sablayrolles (2000). The analysis shows that generic names are mostly formed by composition, while other processes, such as derivation or metaphorical formation, are much less frequently represented. Apart from traditional word formation processes, two typical processes for this specialised language are identified: the juxtaposition of a noun and one or more numerals and the combination of elements that are not lexicalised. Regarding brand names, certain features characterising their creation are analysed. The results include the following: from a semantic perspective, the recurrence of lexical elements reflecting the chemical composition of the fibre, the producer’s name and the place of production, and from a morphological perspective, the use of the word-forming element -on.
EN
The paper is devoted to the analysis of Polish and Russian lexicon related to cycling. It indicates in both languages the most productive ways of word formation processes of jargon and professionalisms associated with various disciplines of cycling. They include univerbation, suffixation and semantic derivation.
PL
Artykuł został poświęcony analizie polskiego i rosyjskiego słownictwa z zakresu kolarstwa. Wskazano w nim najbardziej produktywne w obu językach sposoby tworzenia żargonizmów i profesjonalizmów związanych z różnymi dyscyplinami kolarstwa. Można do nich zaliczyć uniwerbizację, sufiksację oraz derywację semantyczną.
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